For a template-name to be explicitly qualified by the template arguments, the name must be known to refer to a template.
After name lookup finds that a name is a template-name or that an operator-function-id or a literal-operator-id refers to a set of overloaded functions any member of which is a function template, if this is followed by a <, the < is always taken as the delimiter of a template-argument-list and never as the less-than operator. When parsing a template-argument-list, the first non-nested >136 is taken as the ending delimiter rather than a greater-than operator. Similarly, the first non-nested >> is treated as two consecutive but distinct > tokens, the first of which is taken as the end of the template-argument-list and completes the template-id. [ Note: The second > token produced by this replacement rule may terminate an enclosing template-id construct or it may be part of a different construct (e.g. a cast). — end note ] [ Example:
template<int i> class X { /* ... */ };
X< 1>2 > x1; X<(1>2)> x2;
template<class T> class Y { /* ... */ };
Y<X<1>> x3; Y<X<6>>1>> x4; Y<X<(6>>1)>> x5;
— end example ]
A name prefixed by the keyword template shall be a template-id or the name shall refer to a class template or an alias template. [ Note: The keyword template may not be applied to non-template members of class templates. — end note ] [ Note: As is the case with the typename prefix, the template prefix is allowed in cases where it is not strictly necessary; i.e., when the nested-name-specifier or the expression on the left of the -> or . is not dependent on a template-parameter, or the use does not appear in the scope of a template. — end note ] [ Example:
template <class T> struct A {
void f(int);
template <class U> void f(U);
};
template <class T> void f(T t) {
A<T> a;
a.template f<>(t); a.template f(t); }
template <class T> struct B {
template <class T2> struct C { };
};
template <class T, template <class X> class TT = T::template C> struct D { };
D<B<int> > db;
— end example ]
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