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Showing content from https://timsong-cpp.github.io/cppwp/n4659/syserr.errcode below:

[syserr.errcode]

22 Diagnostics library [diagnostics] 22.5 System error support [syserr] 22.5.3 Class error_code [syserr.errcode] 22.5.3.1 Class error_code overview [syserr.errcode.overview]

The class error_code describes an object used to hold error code values, such as those originating from the operating system or other low-level application program interfaces. [ Note: Class error_code is an adjunct to error reporting by exception. — end note ]

namespace std {
  class error_code {
  public:
        error_code() noexcept;
    error_code(int val, const error_category& cat) noexcept;
    template <class ErrorCodeEnum>
      error_code(ErrorCodeEnum e) noexcept;

        void assign(int val, const error_category& cat) noexcept;
    template <class ErrorCodeEnum>
      error_code& operator=(ErrorCodeEnum e) noexcept;
    void clear() noexcept;

        int value() const noexcept;
    const error_category& category() const noexcept;
    error_condition default_error_condition() const noexcept;
    string message() const;
    explicit operator bool() const noexcept;

  private:
    int val_;                       const error_category* cat_;   };

    error_code make_error_code(errc e) noexcept;

  template <class charT, class traits>
    basic_ostream<charT, traits>&
      operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os, const error_code& ec);
}

22.5.3.2 Class error_code constructors [syserr.errcode.constructors]

error_code() noexcept;

Effects: Constructs an object of type error_code.

Postconditions: val_ == 0 and cat_ == &system_category().

error_code(int val, const error_category& cat) noexcept;

Effects: Constructs an object of type error_code.

Postconditions: val_ == val and cat_ == &cat.

template <class ErrorCodeEnum> error_code(ErrorCodeEnum e) noexcept;

Effects: Constructs an object of type error_code.

Postconditions: *this == make_error_code(e).

Remarks: This constructor shall not participate in overload resolution unless
is_error_code_enum_v<ErrorCodeEnum> is true.

22.5.3.3 Class error_code modifiers [syserr.errcode.modifiers]

void assign(int val, const error_category& cat) noexcept;

Postconditions: val_ == val and cat_ == &cat.

template <class ErrorCodeEnum> error_code& operator=(ErrorCodeEnum e) noexcept;

Postconditions: *this == make_error_code(e).

Remarks: This operator shall not participate in overload resolution unless
is_error_code_enum_v<ErrorCodeEnum> is true.

void clear() noexcept;

Postconditions: value() == 0 and category() == system_category().

22.5.3.4 Class error_code observers [syserr.errcode.observers]

int value() const noexcept;

const error_category& category() const noexcept;

error_condition default_error_condition() const noexcept;

Returns: category().default_error_condition(value()).

string message() const;

Returns: category().message(value()).

explicit operator bool() const noexcept;

22.5.3.5 Class error_code non-member functions [syserr.errcode.nonmembers]

error_code make_error_code(errc e) noexcept;

Returns: error_code(static_cast<int>(e), generic_category()).

template <class charT, class traits> basic_ostream<charT, traits>& operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os, const error_code& ec);

Effects: As if by: os << ec.category().name() << ':' << ec.value();

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