[ Note: The header <cstdlib> declares the functions described in this subclause. — end note ]
[[noreturn]] void _Exit(int status) noexcept;
Effects: This function has the semantics specified in the C standard library.
Remarks: The program is terminated without executing destructors for objects of automatic, thread, or static storage duration and without calling functions passed to atexit() ([basic.start.term]). The function _Exit is signal-safe ([csignal.syn]).
[[noreturn]] void abort() noexcept;
Effects: This function has the semantics specified in the C standard library.
Remarks: The program is terminated without executing destructors for objects of automatic, thread, or static storage duration and without calling functions passed to atexit() ([basic.start.term]). The function abort is signal-safe ([csignal.syn]).
int atexit(c-atexit-handler* f) noexcept; int atexit(atexit-handler* f) noexcept;
Effects: The atexit() functions register the function pointed to by f to be called without arguments at normal program termination. It is unspecified whether a call to atexit() that does not happen before a call to exit() will succeed. [ Note: The atexit() functions do not introduce a data race ([res.on.data.races]). — end note ]
Implementation limits: The implementation shall support the registration of at least 32 functions.
Returns: The atexit() function returns zero if the registration succeeds, nonzero if it fails.
[[noreturn]] void exit(int status);
Effects:
First, objects with thread storage duration and associated with the current thread are destroyed. Next, objects with static storage duration are destroyed and functions registered by calling atexit are called.215 See [basic.start.term] for the order of destructions and calls. (Automatic objects are not destroyed as a result of calling exit().)216
If control leaves a registered function called by exit because the function does not provide a handler for a thrown exception, std::terminate() shall be called ([except.terminate]).
Next, all open C streams (as mediated by the function signatures declared in <cstdio>) with unwritten buffered data are flushed, all open C streams are closed, and all files created by calling tmpfile() are removed.
Finally, control is returned to the host environment. If status is zero or EXIT_SUCCESS, an implementation-defined form of the status successful termination is returned. If status is EXIT_FAILURE, an implementation-defined form of the status unsuccessful termination is returned. Otherwise the status returned is implementation-defined.217
int at_quick_exit(c-atexit-handler* f) noexcept; int at_quick_exit(atexit-handler* f) noexcept;
Effects: The at_quick_exit() functions register the function pointed to by f to be called without arguments when quick_exit is called. It is unspecified whether a call to at_quick_exit() that does not happen before all calls to quick_exit will succeed. [ Note: The at_quick_exit() functions do not introduce a data race ([res.on.data.races]). — end note ] [ Note: The order of registration may be indeterminate if at_quick_exit was called from more than one thread. — end note ] [ Note: The at_quick_exit registrations are distinct from the atexit registrations, and applications may need to call both registration functions with the same argument. — end note ]
Implementation limits: The implementation shall support the registration of at least 32 functions.
Returns: Zero if the registration succeeds, nonzero if it fails.
[[noreturn]] void quick_exit(int status) noexcept;
Effects: Functions registered by calls to at_quick_exit are called in the reverse order of their registration, except that a function shall be called after any previously registered functions that had already been called at the time it was registered. Objects shall not be destroyed as a result of calling quick_exit. If control leaves a registered function called by quick_exit because the function does not provide a handler for a thrown exception, std::terminate() shall be called. [ Note: A function registered via at_quick_exit is invoked by the thread that calls quick_exit, which can be a different thread than the one that registered it, so registered functions should not rely on the identity of objects with thread storage duration. — end note ] After calling registered functions, quick_exit shall call _Exit(status). [ Note: The standard file buffers are not flushed. — end note ]
Remarks: The function quick_exit is signal-safe ([csignal.syn]) when the functions registered with at_quick_exit are.
See also: [basic.start], [basic.start.term], ISO C 7.22.4.
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