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Showing content from https://timsong-cpp.github.io/cppwp/n4659/fs.path.generic below:

[fs.path.generic]

30 Input/output library [input.output] 30.10 File systems [filesystems] 30.10.27 Class path [fs.class.path] 30.10.27.1 Generic pathname format [fs.path.generic]
pathname:
	root-nameopt root-directoryopt relative-path
root-name:
	operating system dependent sequences of characters
	implementation-defined sequences of characters
root-directory:
	directory-separator
relative-path:
	filename
	filename directory-separator relative-path
	an empty path
filename:
	non-empty sequence of characters other than directory-separator characters
directory-separator:
	preferred-separator directory-separatoropt
	fallback-separator directory-separatoropt
preferred-separator:
	operating system dependent directory separator character
fallback-separator:
	/, if preferred-separator is not /
1 #

[Note: Operating systems often place restrictions on the characters that may be used in a filename. For wide portability, users may wish to limit filename characters to the POSIX Portable Filename Character Set:
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 . _­ - end note]

2 #

Except in a root-name, multiple successive directory-separator characters are considered to be the same as one directory-separator character.

3 #

The filename dot ([fs.def.filename]) is treated as a reference to the current directory. The filename dot-dot ([fs.def.filename]) is treated as a reference to the parent directory. What the filename dot-dot refers to relative to root-directory is implementation-defined. Specific filenames may have special meanings for a particular operating system.

4 #

A root-name identifies the starting location for pathname resolution ([fs.def.pathres]). If there are no operating system dependent root-names, at least one implementation-defined root-name is required. [Note: Many operating systems define a name beginning with two directory-separator characters as a root-name that identifies network or other resource locations. Some operating systems define a single letter followed by a colon as a drive specifier – a root-name identifying a specific device such as a disk drive. end note]

5 #

If a root-name is otherwise ambiguous, the possibility with the longest sequence of characters is chosen. [Note: On a POSIX-like operating system, it is impossible to have a root-name and a relative-path without an intervening root-directory element. end note]


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