When a constructor for type B is invoked to initialize an object of a different type D (that is, when the constructor was inherited), initialization proceeds as if a defaulted default constructor were used to initialize the D object and each base class subobject from which the constructor was inherited, except that the B subobject is initialized by the invocation of the inherited constructor. The complete initialization is considered to be a single function call; in particular, the initialization of the inherited constructor's parameters is sequenced before the initialization of any part of the D object. [ Example:
struct B1 {
B1(int, ...) { }
};
struct B2 {
B2(double) { }
};
int get();
struct D1 : B1 {
using B1::B1; int x;
int y = get();
};
void test() {
D1 d(2, 3, 4); D1 e; }
struct D2 : B2 {
using B2::B2;
B1 b;
};
D2 f(1.0);
struct W { W(int); };
struct X : virtual W { using W::W; X() = delete; };
struct Y : X { using X::X; };
struct Z : Y, virtual W { using Y::Y; };
Z z(0);
template<class T> struct Log : T {
using T::T; ~Log() { std::clog << "Destroying wrapper" << std::endl; }
};
Class template Log wraps any class and forwards all of its constructors, while writing a message to the standard log whenever an object of class Log is destroyed. — end example ]
If the constructor was inherited from multiple base class subobjects of type B, the program is ill-formed. [ Example:
struct A { A(int); };
struct B : A { using A::A; };
struct C1 : B { using B::B; };
struct C2 : B { using B::B; };
struct D1 : C1, C2 {
using C1::C1;
using C2::C2;
};
struct V1 : virtual B { using B::B; };
struct V2 : virtual B { using B::B; };
struct D2 : V1, V2 {
using V1::V1;
using V2::V2;
};
D1 d1(0); D2 d2(0);
struct M { M(); M(int); };
struct N : M { using M::M; };
struct O : M {};
struct P : N, O { using N::N; using O::O; };
P p(0);
— end example ]
When an object is initialized by an inherited constructor, initialization of the object is complete when the initialization of all subobjects is complete.
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