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Showing content from https://timsong-cpp.github.io/cppwp/n4140/ios.types below:

[ios.types]

namespace std {
  class ios_base::failure : public system_error {
  public:
    explicit failure(const string& msg, const error_code& ec = io_errc::stream);
    explicit failure(const char* msg, const error_code& ec = io_errc::stream);
  };
}

The class failure defines the base class for the types of all objects thrown as exceptions, by functions in the iostreams library, to report errors detected during stream buffer operations.

When throwing ios_base::failure exceptions, implementations should provide values of ec that identify the specific reason for the failure. [ Note: Errors arising from the operating system would typically be reported as system_category() errors with an error value of the error number reported by the operating system. Errors arising from within the stream library would typically be reported as error_code(io_errc::stream, iostream_category()).  — end note ]

explicit failure(const string& msg, const error_code& ec = io_errc::stream);

Effects: Constructs an object of class failure by constructing the base class with msg and ec.

explicit failure(const char* msg, const error_code& ec = io_errc::stream);

Effects: Constructs an object of class failure by constructing the base class with msg and ec.

namespace std {
  class ios_base::Init {
  public:
    Init();
   ~Init();
  private:
    static int init_cnt;   };
}

The class Init describes an object whose construction ensures the construction of the eight objects declared in <iostream> ([iostream.objects]) that associate file stream buffers with the standard C streams provided for by the functions declared in <cstdio> ([c.files]).

For the sake of exposition, the maintained data is presented here as:

• static int init_cnt, counts the number of constructor and destructor calls for class Init, initialized to zero.

Init();

Effects: Constructs an object of class Init. Constructs and initializes the objects cin, cout, cerr, clog, wcin, wcout, wcerr, and wclog if they have not already been constructed and initialized.

~Init();

Effects: Destroys an object of class Init. If there are no other instances of the class still in existence, calls cout.flush(), cerr.flush(), clog.flush(), wcout.flush(), wcerr.flush(), wclog.flush().

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