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Showing content from https://timsong-cpp.github.io/cppwp/n4140/facet.ctype.special below:

[facet.ctype.special]

namespace std {
  template <> class ctype<char>
    : public locale::facet, public ctype_base {
  public:
    typedef char char_type;

    explicit ctype(const mask* tab = 0, bool del = false,
                   size_t refs = 0);

    bool is(mask m, char c) const;
    const char* is(const char* low, const char* high, mask* vec) const;
    const char* scan_is (mask m,
                         const char* low, const char* high) const;
    const char* scan_not(mask m,
                         const char* low, const char* high) const;

    char        toupper(char c) const;
    const char* toupper(char* low, const char* high) const;
    char        tolower(char c) const;
    const char* tolower(char* low, const char* high) const;

    char  widen(char c) const;
    const char* widen(const char* low, const char* high, char* to) const;
    char  narrow(char c, char dfault) const;
    const char* narrow(const char* low, const char* high, char dfault,
                       char* to) const;

    static locale::id id;
    static const size_t table_size = implementation-defined;

    const mask* table() const noexcept;
    static const mask* classic_table() noexcept;

  protected:
   ~ctype();
    virtual char        do_toupper(char c) const;
    virtual const char* do_toupper(char* low, const char* high) const;
    virtual char        do_tolower(char c) const;
    virtual const char* do_tolower(char* low, const char* high) const;

    virtual char        do_widen(char c) const;
    virtual const char* do_widen(const char* low,
                                 const char* high,
                                 char* to) const;
    virtual char        do_narrow(char c, char dfault) const;
    virtual const char* do_narrow(const char* low,
                                  const char* high,
                                  char dfault, char* to) const;
  };
}

A specialization ctype<char> is provided so that the member functions on type char can be implemented inline.242 The implementation-defined value of member table_size is at least 256.

~ctype();

Effects: If the constructor's first argument was nonzero, and its second argument was true, does delete [] table().

In the following member descriptions, for unsigned char values v where v >= table_size, table()[v] is assumed to have an implementation-specific value (possibly different for each such value v) without performing the array lookup.

explicit ctype(const mask* tbl = 0, bool del = false, size_t refs = 0);

Requires: tbl either 0 or an array of at least table_size elements.

Effects: Passes its refs argument to its base class constructor.

bool is(mask m, char c) const; const char* is(const char* low, const char* high, mask* vec) const;

Effects: The second form, for all *p in the range [low,high), assigns into vec[p-low] the value table()[ (unsigned char)*p].

Returns: The first form returns table()[(unsigned char)c] & m; the second form returns high.

const char* scan_is(mask m, const char* low, const char* high) const;

Returns: The smallest p in the range [low,high) such that

table()[(unsigned char) *p] & m

is true.

const char* scan_not(mask m, const char* low, const char* high) const;

Returns: The smallest p in the range [low,high) such that

table()[(unsigned char) *p] & m

is false.

char toupper(char c) const; const char* toupper(char* low, const char* high) const;

Returns: do_toupper(c) or do_toupper(low,high), respectively.

char tolower(char c) const; const char* tolower(char* low, const char* high) const;

Returns: do_tolower(c) or do_tolower(low,high), respectively.

char widen(char c) const; const char* widen(const char* low, const char* high, char* to) const;

Returns: do_widen(c) or do_widen(low, high, to), respectively.

char narrow(char c, char dfault) const; const char* narrow(const char* low, const char* high, char dfault, char* to) const;

Returns: do_narrow(c, dfault) or do_narrow(low, high, dfault, to), respectively.

const mask* table() const noexcept;

Returns: The first constructor argument, if it was non-zero, otherwise classic_table().

static const mask* classic_table() noexcept;

Returns: A pointer to the initial element of an array of size table_size which represents the classifications of characters in the "C" locale.

char        do_toupper(char) const;
const char* do_toupper(char* low, const char* high) const;
char        do_tolower(char) const;
const char* do_tolower(char* low, const char* high) const;

virtual char        do_widen(char c) const;
virtual const char* do_widen(const char* low,
                             const char* high,
                             char* to) const;
virtual char        do_narrow(char c, char dfault) const;
virtual const char* do_narrow(const char* low,
                              const char* high,
                              char dfault, char* to) const;

These functions are described identically as those members of the same name in the ctype class template ([locale.ctype.members]).

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