A class can be declared within another class. A class declared within another is called a nested class. The name of a nested class is local to its enclosing class. The nested class is in the scope of its enclosing class. [ Note: See [expr.prim] for restrictions on the use of non-static data members and non-static member functions. — end note ]
int x;
int y;
struct enclose {
int x;
static int s;
struct inner {
void f(int i) {
int a = sizeof(x); x = i; s = i; ::x = i; y = i; }
void g(enclose* p, int i) {
p->x = i; }
};
};
inner* p = 0;
— end example ]
Member functions and static data members of a nested class can be defined in a namespace scope enclosing the definition of their class. [ Example:
struct enclose {
struct inner {
static int x;
void f(int i);
};
};
int enclose::inner::x = 1;
void enclose::inner::f(int i) { }
— end example ]
If class X is defined in a namespace scope, a nested class Y may be declared in class X and later defined in the definition of class X or be later defined in a namespace scope enclosing the definition of class X. [ Example:
class E {
class I1; class I2;
class I1 { }; };
class E::I2 { };
— end example ]
Like a member function, a friend function ([class.friend]) defined within a nested class is in the lexical scope of that class; it obeys the same rules for name binding as a static member function of that class ([class.static]), but it has no special access rights to members of an enclosing class.
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