Meta-estimator to regress on a transformed target.
Useful for applying a non-linear transformation to the target y
in regression problems. This transformation can be given as a Transformer such as the QuantileTransformer
or as a function and its inverse such as np.log
and np.exp
.
The computation during fit
is:
regressor.fit(X, func(y))
or:
regressor.fit(X, transformer.transform(y))
The computation during predict
is:
inverse_func(regressor.predict(X))
or:
transformer.inverse_transform(regressor.predict(X))
Read more in the User Guide.
Added in version 0.20.
Regressor object such as derived from RegressorMixin
. This regressor will automatically be cloned each time prior to fitting. If regressor is None
, LinearRegression
is created and used.
Estimator object such as derived from TransformerMixin
. Cannot be set at the same time as func
and inverse_func
. If transformer is None
as well as func
and inverse_func
, the transformer will be an identity transformer. Note that the transformer will be cloned during fitting. Also, the transformer is restricting y
to be a numpy array.
Function to apply to y
before passing to fit
. Cannot be set at the same time as transformer
. If func is None
, the function used will be the identity function. If func
is set, inverse_func
also needs to be provided. The function needs to return a 2-dimensional array.
Function to apply to the prediction of the regressor. Cannot be set at the same time as transformer
. The inverse function is used to return predictions to the same space of the original training labels. If inverse_func
is set, func
also needs to be provided. The inverse function needs to return a 2-dimensional array.
Whether to check that transform
followed by inverse_transform
or func
followed by inverse_func
leads to the original targets.
Notes
Internally, the target y
is always converted into a 2-dimensional array to be used by scikit-learn transformers. At the time of prediction, the output will be reshaped to a have the same number of dimensions as y
.
Examples
>>> import numpy as np >>> from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression >>> from sklearn.compose import TransformedTargetRegressor >>> tt = TransformedTargetRegressor(regressor=LinearRegression(), ... func=np.log, inverse_func=np.exp) >>> X = np.arange(4).reshape(-1, 1) >>> y = np.exp(2 * X).ravel() >>> tt.fit(X, y) TransformedTargetRegressor(...) >>> tt.score(X, y) 1.0 >>> tt.regressor_.coef_ array([2.])
For a more detailed example use case refer to Effect of transforming the targets in regression model.
Fit the model according to the given training data.
Training vector, where n_samples
is the number of samples and n_features
is the number of features.
Target values.
If enable_metadata_routing=False
(default): Parameters directly passed to the fit
method of the underlying regressor.
If enable_metadata_routing=True
: Parameters safely routed to the fit
method of the underlying regressor.
Changed in version 1.6: See Metadata Routing User Guide for more details.
Fitted estimator.
Get metadata routing of this object.
Please check User Guide on how the routing mechanism works.
Added in version 1.6.
A MetadataRouter
encapsulating routing information.
Get parameters for this estimator.
If True, will return the parameters for this estimator and contained subobjects that are estimators.
Parameter names mapped to their values.
Predict using the base regressor, applying inverse.
The regressor is used to predict and the inverse_func
or inverse_transform
is applied before returning the prediction.
Samples.
If enable_metadata_routing=False
(default): Parameters directly passed to the predict
method of the underlying regressor.
If enable_metadata_routing=True
: Parameters safely routed to the predict
method of the underlying regressor.
Changed in version 1.6: See Metadata Routing User Guide for more details.
Predicted values.
Return coefficient of determination on test data.
The coefficient of determination, \(R^2\), is defined as \((1 - \frac{u}{v})\), where \(u\) is the residual sum of squares ((y_true - y_pred)** 2).sum()
and \(v\) is the total sum of squares ((y_true - y_true.mean()) ** 2).sum()
. The best possible score is 1.0 and it can be negative (because the model can be arbitrarily worse). A constant model that always predicts the expected value of y
, disregarding the input features, would get a \(R^2\) score of 0.0.
Test samples. For some estimators this may be a precomputed kernel matrix or a list of generic objects instead with shape (n_samples, n_samples_fitted)
, where n_samples_fitted
is the number of samples used in the fitting for the estimator.
True values for X
.
Sample weights.
\(R^2\) of self.predict(X)
w.r.t. y
.
Notes
The \(R^2\) score used when calling score
on a regressor uses multioutput='uniform_average'
from version 0.23 to keep consistent with default value of r2_score
. This influences the score
method of all the multioutput regressors (except for MultiOutputRegressor
).
Set the parameters of this estimator.
The method works on simple estimators as well as on nested objects (such as Pipeline
). The latter have parameters of the form <component>__<parameter>
so that it’s possible to update each component of a nested object.
Estimator parameters.
Estimator instance.
Request metadata passed to the score
method.
Note that this method is only relevant if enable_metadata_routing=True
(see sklearn.set_config
). Please see User Guide on how the routing mechanism works.
The options for each parameter are:
True
: metadata is requested, and passed to score
if provided. The request is ignored if metadata is not provided.
False
: metadata is not requested and the meta-estimator will not pass it to score
.
None
: metadata is not requested, and the meta-estimator will raise an error if the user provides it.
str
: metadata should be passed to the meta-estimator with this given alias instead of the original name.
The default (sklearn.utils.metadata_routing.UNCHANGED
) retains the existing request. This allows you to change the request for some parameters and not others.
Added in version 1.3.
Note
This method is only relevant if this estimator is used as a sub-estimator of a meta-estimator, e.g. used inside a Pipeline
. Otherwise it has no effect.
Metadata routing for sample_weight
parameter in score
.
The updated object.
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