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string representation | Python Glossary – Real Python

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In Python, string representation refers to how objects are represented as strings. This feature is essential for debugging and logging purposes.

Python offers two primary special methods for defining string representations:

1. .__str__() is intended to provide a nice or user-friendly string representation of an object
2. .__repr__() aims to provide a more precise and developer-friendly string representation that can often be used to recreate the object.

When you print an object or use the built-in str() function, Python internally calls the .__str__() method. If .__str__() isn’t defined, then Python falls back to .__repr__(). Conversely, if you use the built-in repr() function or access the object in a REPL, Python calls .__repr__().

Here’s an example that illustrates both string representations:

class Car:
    def __init__(self, make, model):
        self.make = make
        self.model = model

    def __str__(self):
        return f"{self.make} {self.model}"

    def __repr__(self):
        cls = type(self).__name__
        return f"{cls}(make='{self.make}', model='{self.model}')"

# Usage
corolla = Car("Toyota", "Corolla")
print(str(corolla))  # Output: Toyota Corolla
print(repr(corolla)) # Output: Car(make='Toyota', model='Corolla')

In this example, .__str__() provides a user-friendly description of the concrete Car object, while .__repr__() gives a developer-friendly representation suitable for debugging.

For additional information on related topics, take a look at the following resources:

• Strings and Character Data in Python (Tutorial)
• Python's Magic Methods: Leverage Their Power in Your Classes (Tutorial)
• When to Use .__repr__() vs .__str__() in Python (Course)
• Using .__repr__() vs .__str__() in Python (Quiz)
• Strings and Character Data in Python (Course)
• Python Strings and Character Data (Quiz)
• Python's Magic Methods in Classes (Course)
• Python's Magic Methods: Leverage Their Power in Your Classes (Quiz)

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