In this section, you’ll discover another basic of functional programming: how to use the reduce() function to transform data structures.
We’ll take an example data set represented using an immutable data structure from the previous lessons in this course, and then we’ll create a reduced or derived output from that data using Python’s built-in reduce() function.
reduce() (or functools.reduce() in Python 3) is one of the functional programming primitives (or building blocks) available in Python. It’s useful in a number of contexts.
Later in this section, you’ll see how the reduce() function lets you group your data set into arbitrary categories. You’ll also learn about Python’s defaultdict class defined in the collections module, as well as some useful helpers in the itertools module, like itertools.groupby.
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