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Showing content from https://python.langchain.com/docs/integrations/llms/weight_only_quantization below:

Intel Weight-Only Quantization | 🦜️🔗 LangChain

Hugging Face models can be run locally with Weight-Only quantization through the WeightOnlyQuantPipeline class.

The Hugging Face Model Hub hosts over 120k models, 20k datasets, and 50k demo apps (Spaces), all open source and publicly available, in an online platform where people can easily collaborate and build ML together.

These can be called from LangChain through this local pipeline wrapper class.

To use, you should have the transformers python package installed, as well as pytorch, intel-extension-for-transformers.

%pip install transformers --quiet
%pip install intel-extension-for-transformers

Models can be loaded by specifying the model parameters using the from_model_id method. The model parameters include WeightOnlyQuantConfig class in intel_extension_for_transformers.

from intel_extension_for_transformers.transformers import WeightOnlyQuantConfig
from langchain_community.llms.weight_only_quantization import WeightOnlyQuantPipeline

conf = WeightOnlyQuantConfig(weight_dtype="nf4")
hf = WeightOnlyQuantPipeline.from_model_id(
    model_id="google/flan-t5-large",
    task="text2text-generation",
    quantization_config=conf,
    pipeline_kwargs={"max_new_tokens": 10},
)

They can also be loaded by passing in an existing transformers pipeline directly

from intel_extension_for_transformers.transformers import AutoModelForSeq2SeqLM
from transformers import AutoTokenizer, pipeline

model_id = "google/flan-t5-large"
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_id)
model = AutoModelForSeq2SeqLM.from_pretrained(model_id)
pipe = pipeline(
    "text2text-generation", model=model, tokenizer=tokenizer, max_new_tokens=10
)
hf = WeightOnlyQuantPipeline(pipeline=pipe)

With the model loaded into memory, you can compose it with a prompt to form a chain.

from langchain_core.prompts import PromptTemplate

template = """Question: {question}

Answer: Let's think step by step."""
prompt = PromptTemplate.from_template(template)

chain = prompt | hf

question = "What is electroencephalography?"

print(chain.invoke({"question": question}))

Now intel-extension-for-transformers only support CPU device inference. Will support intel GPU soon.When running on a machine with CPU, you can specify the device="cpu" or device=-1 parameter to put the model on CPU device. Defaults to -1 for CPU inference.

conf = WeightOnlyQuantConfig(weight_dtype="nf4")
llm = WeightOnlyQuantPipeline.from_model_id(
    model_id="google/flan-t5-large",
    task="text2text-generation",
    quantization_config=conf,
    pipeline_kwargs={"max_new_tokens": 10},
)

template = """Question: {question}

Answer: Let's think step by step."""
prompt = PromptTemplate.from_template(template)

chain = prompt | llm

question = "What is electroencephalography?"

print(chain.invoke({"question": question}))

You can also run inference on the CPU in batch mode.

conf = WeightOnlyQuantConfig(weight_dtype="nf4")
llm = WeightOnlyQuantPipeline.from_model_id(
    model_id="google/flan-t5-large",
    task="text2text-generation",
    quantization_config=conf,
    pipeline_kwargs={"max_new_tokens": 10},
)

chain = prompt | llm.bind(stop=["\n\n"])

questions = []
for i in range(4):
    questions.append({"question": f"What is the number {i} in french?"})

answers = chain.batch(questions)
for answer in answers:
    print(answer)

We support quantize the weights to following data types for storing(weight_dtype in WeightOnlyQuantConfig):

• int8: Uses 8-bit data type.
• int4_fullrange: Uses the -8 value of int4 range compared with the normal int4 range [-7,7].
• int4_clip: Clips and retains the values within the int4 range, setting others to zero.
• nf4: Uses the normalized float 4-bit data type.
• fp4_e2m1: Uses regular float 4-bit data type. "e2" means that 2 bits are used for the exponent, and "m1" means that 1 bits are used for the mantissa.

While these techniques store weights in 4 or 8 bit, the computation still happens in float32, bfloat16 or int8(compute_dtype in WeightOnlyQuantConfig):

• fp32: Uses the float32 data type to compute.
• bf16: Uses the bfloat16 data type to compute.
• int8: Uses 8-bit data type to compute.

Quantization algorithms supported in intel-extension-for-transformers(algorithm in WeightOnlyQuantConfig):

RTN: A quantification method that we can think of very intuitively. It does not require additional datasets and is a very fast quantization method. Generally speaking, RTN will convert the weight into a uniformly distributed integer data type, but some algorithms, such as Qlora, propose a non-uniform NF4 data type and prove its theoretical optimality.

AWQ: Proved that protecting only 1% of salient weights can greatly reduce quantization error. the salient weight channels are selected by observing the distribution of activation and weight per channel. The salient weights are also quantized after multiplying a big scale factor before quantization for preserving.

TEQ: A trainable equivalent transformation that preserves the FP32 precision in weight-only quantization. It is inspired by AWQ while providing a new solution to search for the optimal per-channel scaling factor between activations and weights.

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