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Introduction on how to use the PyPalettes library

PyPalettes is a python library that provides more than 2500 different palettes to use in your data visualization. It comes with a very simple-to-use API that only requires 1 line of code.

You can find your dream palette on the dedicated web app that highlights how palettes look like on different kind of charts.

You can install it by running pip install pypalettes in your terminal!

The easiest way to get started is to choose an example that you like and just load pypalettes. It will automatically make all the palettes available in your matplotlib/seaborn code.

Here is an example with the Coconut palette.

import geopandas as gpd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import pypalettes # and that's it!

# load the dataset
df = gpd.read_file('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/holtzy/The-Python-Graph-Gallery/master/static/data/all_world.geojson')
df = df[df['name'] != 'Antarctica']

# display the world map
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(10, 10), dpi=300)
ax.set_axis_off()
df.plot(ax=ax, cmap='Coconut', edgecolor='white', linewidth=0.3)
plt.show()

Important note: if you want to turn the cmap into a continuous palette, add _gradient to the end of the palette name. In the last example, Coconut would become Coconut_gradient.

When you import pypalettes, it automatically adds all 2,500 palettes to matplotlib, which means you don't have to do much!

But if you want to customise your palettes, the load_cmap() function is there to help you. Let's see how to use it in practice.

from pypalettes import load_cmap
cmap = load_cmap('ClaudeMonet')
cmap

We can then use this cmap object for a graph:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

data = np.random.randn(20, 20)

plt.imshow(data, cmap=cmap)
plt.colorbar()
plt.show()

As you can see, the cmap is discrete: it has a fixed number of colors, visible via the color bar on the right. What if we want a color gradient instead? Simply add the cmap_type=‘continuous’ (the default is ‘discrete’) when you load the cmap:

from pypalettes import load_cmap
cmap = load_cmap('ClaudeMonet', cmap_type='continuous')
cmap

If we recreate the previous graph:

plt.imshow(data, cmap=cmap)
plt.colorbar()
plt.show()

Much better!

Now let's see how far you can go when customizing your palette. The load_cmap() function provides a set of arguments for this purpose.

• reverse: Whether to reverse the order of the colors or not

load_cmap('FridaKahlo', reverse=True)

• keep_first_n: Keep only the first n colors of the palette

load_cmap('FridaKahlo', keep_first_n=3)

• keep: Specify which colors to keep in the palette (via a list of booleans)

load_cmap('FridaKahlo', keep=[True, False, False, True, True])

• repeat: The number of times the palette must be present in the output. Used to access larger palettes that are repeated.

load_cmap('FridaKahlo', repeat=3)

• shuffle: Used to mix the order of colors. If an integer is supplied, it will be used as the seed.

load_cmap('FridaKahlo', shuffle=1)

When you load a cmap, you load a matplotlib object with extended attributes. You can access, for each palette,

• the associated colors in any color format (hex, rgb, hsv or yiq)
• the kind of the palette
• the name of the palette
• the source of the palette

cmap = load_cmap('Acadia')
cmap

cmap.colors # equivalent: cmap.hex

['#FED789FF', '#023743FF', '#72874EFF', '#476F84FF', '#A4BED5FF', '#453947FF']

[(254, 215, 137),
 (2, 55, 67),
 (114, 135, 78),
 (71, 111, 132),
 (164, 190, 213),
 (69, 57, 71)]

[(0.11111111111111112, 0.46062992125984253, 254),
 (0.5307692307692308, 0.9701492537313433, 67),
 (0.22807017543859645, 0.4222222222222222, 135),
 (0.5573770491803279, 0.4621212121212121, 132),
 (0.5782312925170068, 0.2300469483568075, 213),
 (0.8095238095238094, 0.19718309859154928, 71)]

[(218.12, 48.4536, -16.036800000000003),
 (40.419999999999995, -35.6074, -7.543799999999996),
 (122.42999999999999, 5.757900000000004, -22.262699999999995),
 (101.30999999999999, -30.715699999999995, -1.9658999999999889),
 (184.73, -22.973099999999995, 1.6403000000000088),
 (62.14, 2.6841999999999997, 6.9254)]

'The R package: {nationalparkcolors}'

PyPalettes also provides a basic tool for creating and registering color maps in matplotlib: the add_cmap() function.

This function does 2 things: it registers your function so that your cmap is now available natively in matplotlib, and it returns the cmap object to you. For example:

from pypalettes import add_cmap

add_cmap(
    colors=["#D57A6DFF", "#E8B762FF", "#9CCDDFFF", "#525052FF"],
    name="myOwnCmap",
    cmap_type="continuous"
)

We can now use myOwnCmap for our charts:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

x = np.linspace(0, 20, 1000)
y = np.sin(x)

plt.scatter(x, y, c=y, cmap="myOwnCmap")
plt.colorbar()
plt.show()

• Palettes can be combined if you provide a list of palette names:

load_cmap(['Joyful', 'Juarez', 'Kandinsky'])

• If you use load_cmap() with no arguments (or with the name ‘random’), it will load a random one:

• Can't remember the exact name of your favourite palette? Simply try out what you have in mind and it will suggest similar palettes:

ValueError: Palette with name 'fridaqallo' not found. Did you mean: FridaKahlo, Frida, marill, dracomalfoy, taillow?

See available palettes at https://python-graph-gallery.com/color-palette-finder/

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