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Bubble map with Python and Basemap

First, we need to load a few libraries:

• matplotlib: for basic plotting
• pandas: for data manipulation
• mpl_toolkits for the Basemap module (maps)

from mpl_toolkits.basemap import Basemap
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import pandas as pd

Let's load a dataset with geographical information (latitude and longitude columns):

data = pd.read_csv('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/holtzy/The-Python-Graph-Gallery/master/static/data/TweetSurfData.csv', sep=";")
data.head()

Let's start by building the background map of our bubble map thanks to the basemap library. The basemap library allows to load the boundaries of any region of the world without having to load a shapefile or a geojson file.

You can read more about this step in the map section of the gallery.

# Initialize the background map
plt.figure(figsize=(8, 10))
m=Basemap(llcrnrlon=-160, llcrnrlat=-75,urcrnrlon=160,urcrnrlat=80)

# Draw boundaries, continents and coastlins
m.drawmapboundary(fill_color='#A6CAE0', linewidth=0)
m.fillcontinents(color='grey', alpha=0.7, lake_color='grey')
m.drawcoastlines(linewidth=0.1, color="white")

# show
plt.show()

# Initialize the background map
plt.figure(figsize=(8, 10))
m=Basemap(llcrnrlon=-160, llcrnrlat=-75,urcrnrlon=160,urcrnrlat=80)

# Draw boundaries, continents and coastlins
m.drawmapboundary(fill_color='#A6CAE0', linewidth=0)
m.fillcontinents(color='grey', alpha=0.7, lake_color='grey')
m.drawcoastlines(linewidth=0.1, color="white")

# Add a point per position
m.scatter(
    data["homelon"],
    data["homelat"],
    alpha=0.4,
    s=1,
    c="orange",
    linewidth=1,
    edgecolor="black"
)

# show
plt.show()

It can be interesting to use the size of the bubble to represent a 3rd variable. In this case, the size of the bubble is proportional to the n in the dataset.

You can control the size of the bubble by changing the s argument of the scatter() function.

# Initialize the background map
plt.figure(figsize=(8, 10))
m=Basemap(llcrnrlon=-160, llcrnrlat=-75,urcrnrlon=160,urcrnrlat=80)

# Draw boundaries, continents and coastlins
m.drawmapboundary(fill_color='#A6CAE0', linewidth=0)
m.fillcontinents(color='grey', alpha=0.7, lake_color='grey')
m.drawcoastlines(linewidth=0.1, color="white")

# Add a point per position
m.scatter(
    data["homelon"],
    data["homelat"],
    s=data["n"]/10
)

# show
plt.show()

For better looking map, we can customize the bubble style with the following arguments:

• alpha: transparency of the bubble
• edgecolor: color of the bubble border
• linewidth: width of the bubble border
• c: color of the bubble

# Initialize the background map
plt.figure(figsize=(8, 10))
m=Basemap(llcrnrlon=-160, llcrnrlat=-75,urcrnrlon=160,urcrnrlat=80)

# Draw boundaries, continents and coastlins
m.drawmapboundary(fill_color='#A6CAE0', linewidth=0)
m.fillcontinents(color='grey', alpha=0.7, lake_color='grey')
m.drawcoastlines(linewidth=0.1, color="white")

# Add a point per position
m.scatter(
    data["homelon"],
    data["homelat"],
    alpha=0.4,
    s=data["n"]/10,
    c="orange",
    linewidth=1,
    edgecolor="black"
)

# show
plt.show()

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