Compute the impulse response for a linear system.
If the system has multiple inputs and/or multiple outputs, the impulse response is computed for each input/output pair, with all other inputs set to zero. Optionally, a single input and/or single output can be selected, in which case all other inputs are set to 0 and all other outputs are ignored.
For information on the shape of parameters T
, X0
and return values T
, yout
, see Time series data conventions.
I/O system(s) for which impulse response is computed.
Time vector, or simulation time duration if a scalar (time vector is auto-computed if not given; see step_response
for more detail).
Only compute the impulse response for the listed input. If not specified, the impulse responses for each independent input are computed.
Only report the step response for the listed output. If not specified, all outputs are reported.
Number of time steps to use in simulation if T
is not provided as an array (auto-computed if not given); ignored if the system is discrete time.
If True, transpose all input and output arrays (for backward compatibility with MATLAB and scipy.signal.lsim
). Default value is False.
If True, return the state vector when assigning to a tuple (default = False). See forced_response
for more details.
By default, if a system is single-input, single-output (SISO) then the output response is returned as a 1D array (indexed by time). If squeeze
= True, remove single-dimensional entries from the shape of the output even if the system is not SISO. If squeeze
= False, keep the output as a 2D array (indexed by the output number and time) even if the system is SISO. The default value can be set using config.defaults['control.squeeze_time_response']
.
TimeResponseData
or TimeResponseList
Time response represented as a TimeResponseData
object or list of TimeResponseData
objects. See forced_response
for additional information.
Notes
This function uses the forced_response
function to compute the time response. For continuous-time systems, the initial condition is altered to account for the initial impulse. For discrete-time systems, the impulse is sized so that it has unit area. The impulse response for nonlinear systems is not implemented.
Examples
>>> G = ct.rss(4) >>> T, yout = ct.impulse_response(G)
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