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control.hankel_singular_values — Python Control Systems Library 0.10.2 documentation

control.hankel_singular_values
control.hankel_singular_values(sys)[source]

Calculate the Hankel singular values.

Parameters:
sysStateSpace

State space system.

Returns:
Harray

List of Hankel singular values.

Notes

The Hankel singular values are the singular values of the Hankel operator. In practice, we compute the square root of the eigenvalues of the matrix formed by taking the product of the observability and controllability Gramians. There are other (more efficient) methods based on solving the Lyapunov equation in a particular way (more details soon).

Examples

>>> G = ct.tf2ss([1], [1, 2])
>>> H = ct.hsvd(G)
>>> H[0]
np.float64(0.25)

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