Showing content from https://pystruct.github.io/auto_examples/../_downloads/plot_letters.py below:
""" =============================== OCR Letter sequence recognition =============================== This example illustrates the use of a chain CRF for optical character recognition. The example is taken from Taskar et al "Max-margin markov random fields". Each example consists of a handwritten word, that was presegmented into characters. Each character is represented as a 16x8 binary image. The task is to classify the image into one of the 26 characters a-z. The first letter of every word was ommited as it was capitalized and the task does only consider small caps letters. We compare classification using a standard linear SVM that classifies each letter individually with a chain CRF that can exploit correlations between neighboring letters (the correlation is particularly strong as the same words are used during training and testing). The first figures shows the segmented letters of four words from the test set. In set are the ground truth (green), the prediction using SVM (blue) and the prediction using a chain CRF (red). The second figure shows the pairwise potentials learned by the chain CRF. The strongest patterns are "y after l" and "n after i". There are obvious extensions that both methods could benefit from, such as window features or non-linear kernels. This example is more meant to give a demonstration of the CRF than to show its superiority. """ import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from sklearn.svm import LinearSVC from pystruct.datasets import load_letters from pystruct.models import ChainCRF from pystruct.learners import FrankWolfeSSVM abc = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz" letters = load_letters() X, y, folds = letters['data'], letters['labels'], letters['folds'] # we convert the lists to object arrays, as that makes slicing much more # convenient X, y = np.array(X), np.array(y) X_train, X_test = X[folds == 1], X[folds != 1] y_train, y_test = y[folds == 1], y[folds != 1] # Train linear SVM svm = LinearSVC(dual=False, C=.1) # flatten input svm.fit(np.vstack(X_train), np.hstack(y_train)) # Train linear chain CRF model = ChainCRF() ssvm = FrankWolfeSSVM(model=model, C=.1, max_iter=11) ssvm.fit(X_train, y_train) print("Test score with chain CRF: %f" % ssvm.score(X_test, y_test)) print("Test score with linear SVM: %f" % svm.score(np.vstack(X_test), np.hstack(y_test))) # plot some word sequenced n_words = 4 rnd = np.random.RandomState(1) selected = rnd.randint(len(y_test), size=n_words) max_word_len = max([len(y_) for y_ in y_test[selected]]) fig, axes = plt.subplots(n_words, max_word_len, figsize=(10, 10)) fig.subplots_adjust(wspace=0) for ind, axes_row in zip(selected, axes): y_pred_svm = svm.predict(X_test[ind]) y_pred_chain = ssvm.predict([X_test[ind]])[0] for i, (a, image, y_true, y_svm, y_chain) in enumerate( zip(axes_row, X_test[ind], y_test[ind], y_pred_svm, y_pred_chain)): a.matshow(image.reshape(16, 8), cmap=plt.cm.Greys) a.text(0, 3, abc[y_true], color="#00AA00", size=25) a.text(0, 14, abc[y_svm], color="#5555FF", size=25) a.text(5, 14, abc[y_chain], color="#FF5555", size=25) a.set_xticks(()) a.set_yticks(()) for ii in range(i + 1, max_word_len): axes_row[ii].set_visible(False) plt.matshow(ssvm.w[26 * 8 * 16:].reshape(26, 26)) plt.colorbar() plt.title("Transition parameters of the chain CRF.") plt.xticks(np.arange(25), abc) plt.yticks(np.arange(25), abc) plt.show()
RetroSearch is an open source project built by @garambo
| Open a GitHub Issue
Search and Browse the WWW like it's 1997 | Search results from DuckDuckGo
HTML:
3.2
| Encoding:
UTF-8
| Version:
0.7.4