The module provides handy URL class for URL parsing and changing.
IntroductionUrl is constructed from str:
>>> from yarl import URL
>>> url = URL('https://www.python.org/~guido?arg=1#frag')
>>> url
URL('https://www.python.org/~guido?arg=1#frag')All url parts: scheme, user, password, host, port, path, query and fragment are accessible by properties:
>>> url.scheme
'https'
>>> url.host
'www.python.org'
>>> url.path
'/~guido'
>>> url.query_string
'arg=1'
>>> url.query
<MultiDictProxy('arg': '1')>
>>> url.fragment
'frag'All url manipulations produce a new url object:
>>> url = URL('https://www.python.org')
>>> url / 'foo' / 'bar'
URL('https://www.python.org/foo/bar')
>>> url / 'foo' % {'bar': 'baz'}
URL('https://www.python.org/foo?bar=baz')Strings passed to constructor and modification methods are automatically encoded giving canonical representation as result:
>>> url = URL('https://www.python.org/шлях')
>>> url
URL('https://www.python.org/%D1%88%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%85')Regular properties are percent-decoded, use raw_ versions for getting encoded strings:
>>> url.path
'/шлях'
>>> url.raw_path
'/%D1%88%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%85'Human readable representation of URL is available as .human_repr():
>>> url.human_repr()
'https://www.python.org/шлях'For full documentation please read https://yarl.aio-libs.org.
Installation$ pip install yarl
The library is Python 3 only!
PyPI contains binary wheels for Linux, Windows and MacOS. If you want to install yarl on another operating system where wheels are not provided, the tarball will be used to compile the library from the source code. It requires a C compiler and and Python headers installed.
To skip the compilation you must explicitly opt-in by using a PEP 517 configuration setting pure-python, or setting the YARL_NO_EXTENSIONS environment variable to a non-empty value, e.g.:
$ pip install yarl --config-settings=pure-python=falsePlease note that the pure-Python (uncompiled) version is much slower. However, PyPy always uses a pure-Python implementation, and, as such, it is unaffected by this variable.
DependenciesYARL requires multidict and propcache libraries.
API documentationThe documentation is located at https://yarl.aio-libs.org.
Why isn’t boolean supported by the URL query API?There is no standard for boolean representation of boolean values.
Some systems prefer true/false, others like yes/no, on/off, Y/N, 1/0, etc.
yarl cannot make an unambiguous decision on how to serialize bool values because it is specific to how the end-user’s application is built and would be different for different apps. The library doesn’t accept booleans in the API; a user should convert bools into strings using own preferred translation protocol.
Comparison with other URL librariesfurl (https://pypi.python.org/pypi/furl)
The library has rich functionality but the furl object is mutable.
I’m afraid to pass this object into foreign code: who knows if the code will modify my url in a terrible way while I just want to send URL with handy helpers for accessing URL properties.
furl has other non-obvious tricky things but the main objection is mutability.
URLObject (https://pypi.python.org/pypi/URLObject)
URLObject is immutable, that’s pretty good.
Every URL change generates a new URL object.
But the library doesn’t do any decode/encode transformations leaving the end user to cope with these gory details.
The project is hosted on GitHub
Please file an issue on the bug tracker if you have found a bug or have some suggestion in order to improve the library.
Discussion listaio-libs google group: https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/aio-libs
Feel free to post your questions and ideas here.
Authors and LicenseThe yarl package is written by Andrew Svetlov.
It’s Apache 2 licensed and freely available.
Changelog 1.20.1(2025-06-09)
Bug fixesStarted raising a ValueError exception raised for corrupted IPv6 URL values.
These fixes the issue where exception IndexError was leaking from the internal code because of not being handled and transformed into a user-facing error. The problem was happening under the following conditions: empty IPv6 URL, brackets in reverse order.
– by @MaelPic.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1512.
Updated to use Cython 3.1 universally across the build path – by @lysnikolaou.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1514.
Made Cython line tracing opt-in via the with-cython-tracing build config setting – by @bdraco.
Previously, line tracing was enabled by default in pyproject.toml, which caused build issues for some users and made wheels nearly twice as slow. Now line tracing is only enabled when explicitly requested via pip install . --config-setting=with-cython-tracing=true or by setting the YARL_CYTHON_TRACING environment variable.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1521.
(2025-04-16)
FeaturesImplemented support for the free-threaded build of CPython 3.13 – by @lysnikolaou.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1456.
Started building wheels for the free-threaded build of CPython 3.13 – by @lysnikolaou.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1456.
(2025-04-05)
Bug fixesFixed entire name being re-encoded when using yarl.URL.with_suffix() – by @NTFSvolume.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1468.
Started building armv7l wheels for manylinux – by @bdraco.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1495.
GitHub Actions CI/CD is now configured to manage caching pip-ecosystem dependencies using re-actors/cache-python-deps – an action by @webknjaz that takes into account ABI stability and the exact version of Python runtime.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1471.
Increased minimum propcache version to 0.2.1 to fix failing tests – by @bdraco.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1479.
Added all hidden folders to pytest’s norecursedirs to prevent it from trying to collect tests there – by @lysnikolaou.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1480.
Improved accuracy of type annotations – by @Dreamsorcerer.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1484.
Improved performance of parsing query strings – by @bdraco.
Improved performance of the C unquoter – by @bdraco.
(2024-12-01)
Bug fixesFixed uppercase ASCII hosts being rejected by URL.build()() and yarl.URL.with_host() – by @bdraco.
Improved performances of multiple path properties on cache miss – by @bdraco.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1443.
(2024-11-29)
No significant changes.
1.18.1(2024-11-29)
Miscellaneous internal changesImproved cache performance when ~yarl.URL objects are constructed from yarl.URL.build() with encoded=True – by @bdraco.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1432.
Improved cache performance for operations that produce a new ~yarl.URL object – by @bdraco.
(2024-11-21)
FeaturesAdded keep_query and keep_fragment flags in the yarl.URL.with_path(), yarl.URL.with_name() and yarl.URL.with_suffix() methods, allowing users to optionally retain the query string and fragment in the resulting URL when replacing the path – by @paul-nameless.
Started running downstream aiohttp tests in CI – by @Cycloctane.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1415.
Improved performance of converting ~yarl.URL to a string – by @bdraco.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1422.
(2024-11-17)
Bug fixesStopped implicitly allowing the use of Cython pre-release versions when building the distribution package – by @ajsanchezsanz and @markgreene74.
Fixed a bug causing ~yarl.URL.port to return the default port when the given port was zero – by @gmacon.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1413.
Make error messages include details of incorrect type when port is not int in yarl.URL.build(). – by @Cycloctane.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1414.
Stopped implicitly allowing the use of Cython pre-release versions when building the distribution package – by @ajsanchezsanz and @markgreene74.
Improved performance of the yarl.URL.joinpath() method – by @bdraco.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1418.
(2024-10-30)
Miscellaneous internal changesImproved performance of many ~yarl.URL methods – by @bdraco.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1396, #1397, #1398.
Improved performance of passing a dict or str to yarl.URL.extend_query() – by @bdraco.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1401.
(2024-10-28)
FeaturesAdded ~yarl.URL.host_port_subcomponent which returns the 3986#section-3.2.2 host and 3986#section-3.2.3 port subcomponent – by @bdraco.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1375.
(2024-10-21)
Bug fixesFixed blocking I/O to load Python code when creating a new ~yarl.URL with non-ascii characters in the network location part – by @bdraco.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1342.
Migrated to using a single cache for encoding hosts – by @bdraco.
Passing ip_address_size and host_validate_size to yarl.cache_configure() is deprecated in favor of the new encode_host_size parameter and will be removed in a future release. For backwards compatibility, the old parameters affect the encode_host cache size.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1348, #1357, #1363.
Improved performance of constructing ~yarl.URL – by @bdraco.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1336.
Improved performance of calling yarl.URL.build() and constructing unencoded ~yarl.URL – by @bdraco.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1345.
Reworked the internal encoding cache to improve performance on cache hit – by @bdraco.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1369.
(2024-10-18)
Miscellaneous internal changesImproved performance of the yarl.URL.joinpath() method – by @bdraco.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1304.
Improved performance of the yarl.URL.extend_query() method – by @bdraco.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1305.
Improved performance of the yarl.URL.origin() method – by @bdraco.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1306.
Improved performance of the yarl.URL.with_path() method – by @bdraco.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1307.
Improved performance of the yarl.URL.with_query() method – by @bdraco.
Improved performance of the yarl.URL.update_query() method – by @bdraco.
Improved performance of the yarl.URL.join() method – by @bdraco.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1313.
Improved performance of ~yarl.URL equality checks – by @bdraco.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1315.
Improved performance of ~yarl.URL methods that modify the network location – by @bdraco.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1316.
Improved performance of the yarl.URL.with_fragment() method – by @bdraco.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1317.
Improved performance of calculating the hash of ~yarl.URL objects – by @bdraco.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1318.
Improved performance of the yarl.URL.relative() method – by @bdraco.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1319.
Improved performance of the yarl.URL.with_name() method – by @bdraco.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1320.
Improved performance of ~yarl.URL.parent – by @bdraco.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1321.
Improved performance of the yarl.URL.with_scheme() method – by @bdraco.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1322.
(2024-10-16)
Miscellaneous internal changesImproved performance of the quoter when all characters are safe – by @bdraco.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1288.
Improved performance of unquoting strings – by @bdraco.
Improved performance of calling yarl.URL.build() – by @bdraco.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1297.
(2024-10-15)
Bug fixesFixed yarl.URL.build() failing to validate paths must start with a / when passing authority – by @bdraco.
The validation only worked correctly when passing host.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1265.
Removed support for Python 3.8 as it has reached end of life – by @bdraco.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1203.
Improved performance of constructing ~yarl.URL when the net location is only the host – by @bdraco.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1271.
(2024-10-13)
Miscellaneous internal changesImproved performance of converting ~yarl.URL to a string – by @bdraco.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1234.
Improved performance of yarl.URL.joinpath() – by @bdraco.
Improved performance of constructing query strings from ~multidict.MultiDict – by @bdraco.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1256.
Improved performance of constructing query strings with int values – by @bdraco.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1259.
(2024-10-12)
Miscellaneous internal changesImproved performance of calling yarl.URL.build() – by @bdraco.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1222.
Improved performance of all ~yarl.URL methods that create new ~yarl.URL objects – by @bdraco.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1226.
Improved performance of ~yarl.URL methods that modify the network location – by @bdraco.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1229.
(2024-10-11)
Bug fixesFixed validation with yarl.URL.with_scheme() when passed scheme is not lowercase – by @bdraco.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1189.
Improved performance of constructing unencoded ~yarl.URL objects – by @bdraco.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1188.
Added a cache for parsing hosts to reduce overhead of encoding ~yarl.URL – by @bdraco.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1190.
Improved performance of constructing query strings from ~collections.abc.Mapping – by @bdraco.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1193.
Improved performance of converting ~yarl.URL objects to strings – by @bdraco.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1198.
(2024-10-08)
Packaging updates and notes for downstreamsSwitched to using the propcache package for property caching – by @bdraco.
The propcache package is derived from the property caching code in yarl and has been broken out to avoid maintaining it for multiple projects.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1169.
Started testing with Hypothesis – by @webknjaz and @bdraco.
Special thanks to @Zac-HD for helping us get started with this framework.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #860.
Improved performance of yarl.URL.is_default_port() when no explicit port is set – by @bdraco.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1168.
Improved performance of converting ~yarl.URL to a string when no explicit port is set – by @bdraco.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1170.
Improved performance of the yarl.URL.origin() method – by @bdraco.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1175.
Improved performance of encoding hosts – by @bdraco.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1176.
(2024-09-27)
Miscellaneous internal changesImproved performance of calling yarl.URL.build() with authority – by @bdraco.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1163.
(2024-09-26)
Bug fixesStarted rejecting ASCII hostnames with invalid characters. For host strings that look like authority strings, the exception message includes advice on what to do instead – by @mjpieters.
Fixed IPv6 addresses missing brackets when the ~yarl.URL was converted to a string – by @bdraco.
Added ~yarl.URL.host_subcomponent which returns the 3986#section-3.2.2 host subcomponent – by @bdraco.
The only current practical difference between ~yarl.URL.raw_host and ~yarl.URL.host_subcomponent is that IPv6 addresses are returned bracketed.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1159.
(2024-09-23)
No significant changes.
1.12.0(2024-09-23)
FeaturesAdded ~yarl.URL.path_safe to be able to fetch the path without %2F and %25 decoded – by @bdraco.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1150.
Restore decoding %2F (/) in URL.path – by @bdraco.
This change restored the behavior before #1057.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1151.
Improved performance of processing paths – by @bdraco.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1143.
(2024-09-09)
Bug fixesAllowed scheme replacement for relative URLs if the scheme does not require a host – by @bdraco.
Allowed empty host for URL schemes other than the special schemes listed in the WHATWG URL spec – by @bdraco.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1136.
Loosened restriction on integers as query string values to allow classes that implement __int__ – by @bdraco.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1139.
Improved performance of normalizing paths – by @bdraco.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1137.
(2024-09-08)
FeaturesAdded URL.extend_query()() method, which can be used to extend parameters without replacing same named keys – by @bdraco.
This method was primarily added to replace the inefficient hand rolled method currently used in aiohttp.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1128.
Improved performance of the Cython cached_property implementation – by @bdraco.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1122.
Simplified computing ports by removing unnecessary code – by @bdraco.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1123.
Improved performance of encoding non IPv6 hosts – by @bdraco.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1125.
Improved performance of URL.build()() when the path, query string, or fragment is an empty string – by @bdraco.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1126.
Improved performance of the URL.update_query()() method – by @bdraco.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1130.
Improved performance of processing query string changes when arguments are str – by @bdraco.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1131.
(2024-09-06)
Bug fixesFixed joining a path when the existing path was empty – by @bdraco.
A regression in URL.join()() was introduced in #1082.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1118.
Added URL.without_query_params()() method, to drop some parameters from query string – by @hongquan.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #774, #898, #1010.
The previously protected types _SimpleQuery, _QueryVariable, and _Query are now available for use externally as SimpleQuery, QueryVariable, and Query – by @bdraco.
Replaced all ~typing.Optional with ~typing.Union – by @bdraco.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1095.
Significantly improved performance of parsing the network location – by @bdraco.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1112.
Added internal types to the cache to prevent future refactoring errors – by @bdraco.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1117.
(2024-09-04)
Bug fixesFixed a TypeError with MultiDictProxy and Python 3.8 – by @bdraco.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1084, #1105, #1107.
Improved performance of encoding hosts – by @bdraco.
Previously, the library would unconditionally try to parse a host as an IP Address. The library now avoids trying to parse a host as an IP Address if the string is not in one of the formats described in 3986#section-3.2.2.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1104.
(2024-09-04)
Bug fixesURL.join()() has been changed to match 3986 and align with / operation() and URL.joinpath()() when joining URLs with empty segments. Previously urllib.parse.urljoin was used, which has known issues with empty segments (python/cpython#84774).
Due to the semantics of URL.join()(), joining an URL with scheme requires making it relative, prefixing with ./.
>>> URL("https://web.archive.org/web/").join(URL("./https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl"))
URL('https://web.archive.org/web/https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl')Empty segments are honored in the base as well as the joined part.
>>> URL("https://web.archive.org/web/https://").join(URL("github.com/aio-libs/yarl"))
URL('https://web.archive.org/web/https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl')– by @commonism
This change initially appeared in 1.9.5 but was reverted in 1.9.6 to resolve a problem with query string handling.
Added ~yarl.URL.absolute which is now preferred over URL.is_absolute() – by @bdraco.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1100.
(2024-09-04)
Bug fixesAdded missing type on ~yarl.URL.port – by @bdraco.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1097.
(2024-09-03)
FeaturesCovered the ~yarl.URL object with types – by @bdraco.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1084.
Cache parsing of IP Addresses when encoding hosts – by @bdraco.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1086.
Covered the ~yarl.URL object with types – by @bdraco.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1084.
Improved performance of handling ports – by @bdraco.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1081.
(2024-09-01)
Removals and backward incompatible breaking changesRemoved support 3986#section-3.2.3 port normalization when the scheme is not one of http, https, wss, or ws – by @bdraco.
Support for port normalization was recently added in #1033 and contained code that would do blocking I/O if the scheme was not one of the four listed above. The code has been removed because this library is intended to be safe for usage with asyncio.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1076.
Improved performance of property caching – by @bdraco.
The reify implementation from aiohttp was adapted to replace the internal cached_property implementation.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1070.
(2024-08-30)
Bug fixesReverted 3986 compatible URL.join()() honoring empty segments which was introduced in #1039.
This change introduced a regression handling query string parameters with joined URLs. The change was reverted to maintain compatibility with the previous behavior.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1067.
(2024-08-30)
Bug fixesJoining URLs with empty segments has been changed to match 3986.
Previously empty segments would be removed from path, breaking use-cases such as
URL("https://web.archive.org/web/") / "https://github.com/"Now / operation() and URL.joinpath()() keep empty segments, but do not introduce new empty segments. e.g.
URL("https://example.org/") / ""does not introduce an empty segment.
– by @commonism and @youtux
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1026.
The default protocol ports of well-known URI schemes are now taken into account during the normalization of the URL string representation in accordance with 3986#section-3.2.3.
Specified ports are removed from the str representation of a ~yarl.URL if the port matches the scheme’s default port – by @commonism.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1033.
URL.join()() has been changed to match 3986 and align with / operation() and URL.joinpath()() when joining URLs with empty segments. Previously urllib.parse.urljoin was used, which has known issues with empty segments (python/cpython#84774).
Due to the semantics of URL.join()(), joining an URL with scheme requires making it relative, prefixing with ./.
>>> URL("https://web.archive.org/web/").join(URL("./https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl"))
URL('https://web.archive.org/web/https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl')Empty segments are honored in the base as well as the joined part.
>>> URL("https://web.archive.org/web/https://").join(URL("github.com/aio-libs/yarl"))
URL('https://web.archive.org/web/https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl')– by @commonism
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1039.
Stopped decoding %2F (/) in URL.path, as this could lead to code incorrectly treating it as a path separator – by @Dreamsorcerer.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1057.
Dropped support for Python 3.7 – by @Dreamsorcerer.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1016.
On the Contributing docs page, a link to the Towncrier philosophy has been fixed.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #981.
The pre-existing / magic method() has been documented in the API reference – by @commonism.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1026.
A flaw in the logic for copying the project directory into a temporary folder that led to infinite recursion when TMPDIR was set to a project subdirectory path. This was happening in Fedora and its downstream due to the use of pyproject-rpm-macros. It was only reproducible with pip wheel and was not affecting the pyproject-build users.
Support Python 3.13 and publish non-free-threaded wheels
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1054.
The CI/CD setup has been updated to test arm64 wheels under macOS 14, except for Python 3.7 that is unsupported in that environment – by @webknjaz.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1015.
Removed unused type ignores and casts – by @hauntsaninja.
Related issues and pull requests on GitHub: #1031.
port, scheme, and raw_host are now cached_property – by @bdraco.
aiohttp accesses these properties quite often, which cause urllib to build the _hostinfo property every time. port, scheme, and raw_host are now cached properties, which will improve performance.
Started raising TypeError when a string value is passed into yarl.URL.build() as the port argument – by @commonism.
Previously the empty string as port would create malformed URLs when rendered as string representations. (#883)
The leading -- has been dropped from the PEP 517 in-tree build backend config setting names. --pure-python is now just pure-python – by @webknjaz.
The usage now looks as follows:
$ python -m build \
--config-setting=pure-python=true \
--config-setting=with-cython-tracing=true(#963)
A step-by-step Release Guide guide has been added, describing how to release yarl – by @webknjaz.
This is primarily targeting maintainers. (#960)
Coverage collection has been implemented for the Cython modules – by @webknjaz.
It will also be reported to Codecov from any non-release CI jobs.
To measure coverage in a development environment, yarl can be installed in editable mode:
$ python -Im pip install -e .Editable install produces C-files required for the Cython coverage plugin to map the measurements back to the PYX-files.
It is now possible to request line tracing in Cython builds using the with-cython-tracing PEP 517 config setting – @webknjaz.
This can be used in CI and development environment to measure coverage on Cython modules, but is not normally useful to the end-users or downstream packagers.
Here’s a usage example:
$ python -Im pip install . --config-settings=with-cython-tracing=trueFor editable installs, this setting is on by default. Otherwise, it’s off unless requested explicitly.
The following produces C-files required for the Cython coverage plugin to map the measurements back to the PYX-files:
$ python -Im pip install -e .Alternatively, the YARL_CYTHON_TRACING=1 environment variable can be set to do the same as the PEP 517 config setting.
Stopped dropping trailing slashes in yarl.URL.joinpath() – by @gmacon. (#862, #866)
Started accepting string subclasses in yarl.URL.__truediv__() operations (URL / segment) – by @mjpieters. (#871, #884)
Fixed the human representation of URLs with square brackets in usernames and passwords – by @mjpieters. (#876, #882)
Updated type hints to include URL.missing_port(), URL.__bytes__() and the encoding argument to yarl.URL.joinpath() – by @mjpieters. (#891)
Integrated Cython 3 to enable building yarl under Python 3.12 – by @mjpieters. (#829, #881)
Declared modern setuptools.build_meta as the PEP 517 build backend in pyproject.toml explicitly – by @webknjaz. (#886)
Converted most of the packaging setup into a declarative setup.cfg config – by @webknjaz. (#890)
The packaging is replaced from an old-fashioned setup.py to an in-tree PEP 517 build backend – by @webknjaz.
Whenever the end-users or downstream packagers need to build yarl from source (a Git checkout or an sdist), they may pass a config_settings flag --pure-python. If this flag is not set, a C-extension will be built and included into the distribution.
Here is how this can be done with pip:
$ python -m pip install . --config-settings=--pure-python=falseThis will also work with -e | --editable.
The same can be achieved via pypa/build:
$ python -m build --config-setting=--pure-python=falseAdding -w | --wheel can force pypa/build produce a wheel from source directly, as opposed to building an sdist and then building from it. (#893)
Attention!
v1.9.3 was the only version using the --pure-python setting name. Later versions dropped the -- prefix, making it just pure-python.
Declared Python 3.12 supported officially in the distribution package metadata – by @edgarrmondragon. (#942)
A regression test for no-host URLs was added per #821 and 3986 – by @kenballus. (#821, #822)
Started testing yarl against Python 3.12 in CI – by @mjpieters. (#881)
All Python 3.12 jobs are now marked as required to pass in CI – by @edgarrmondragon. (#942)
MyST is now integrated in Sphinx – by @webknjaz.
This allows the contributors to author new documents in Markdown when they have difficulties with going straight RST. (#953)
Bugfixes
Fix regression with yarl.URL.__truediv__() and absolute URLs with empty paths causing the raw path to lack the leading /. (#854)
Bugfixes
Marked tests that fail on older Python patch releases (< 3.7.10, < 3.8.8 and < 3.9.2) as expected to fail due to missing a security fix for CVE-2021-23336. (#850)
This release was never published to PyPI, due to issues with the build process.
FeaturesAdded URL.joinpath(*elements), to create a new URL appending multiple path elements. (#704)
Made URL.__truediv__()() return NotImplemented if called with an unsupported type — by @michaeljpeters. (#832)
Path normalization for absolute URLs no longer raises a ValueError exception when .. segments would otherwise go beyond the URL path root. (#536)
Fixed an issue with update_query() not getting rid of the query when argument is None. (#792)
Added some input restrictions on with_port() function to prevent invalid boolean inputs or out of valid port inputs; handled incorrect 0 port representation. (#793)
Made yarl.URL.build() raise a TypeError if the host argument is None — by @paulpapacz. (#808)
Fixed an issue with update_query() getting rid of the query when the argument is empty but not None. (#845)
This is the first release that started shipping wheels for Python 3.11.
1.8.1 (2022-08-01)Misc
1.8.0 (2022-08-01) FeaturesAdded URL.raw_suffix, URL.suffix, URL.raw_suffixes, URL.suffixes, URL.with_suffix. (#613)
Fixed broken internal references to yarl.URL.human_repr(). (#665)
Fixed broken external references to multidict:index docs. (#665)
Dropped Python 3.6 support. (#672)
Bugfixes
Changed call in with_port() to stop reencoding parts of the URL that were already encoded. (#623)
Bugfixes
Fix 1.7.0 build error
Features
Add __bytes__() magic method so that bytes(url) will work and use optimal ASCII encoding. (#582)
Started shipping platform-specific arm64 wheels for Apple Silicon. (#622)
Started shipping platform-specific wheels with the musl tag targeting typical Alpine Linux runtimes. (#622)
Added support for Python 3.10. (#622)
Bugfixes
No longer loose characters when decoding incorrect percent-sequences (like %e2%82%f8). All non-decodable percent-sequences are now preserved. #517
Provide x86 Windows wheels. #535
Bugfixes
Provide generated .c files in TarBall distribution. #530
Provide wheels for aarch64, i686, ppc64le, s390x architectures on Linux as well as x86_64. #507
Provide wheels for Python 3.9. #526
human_repr() now always produces valid representation equivalent to the original URL (if the original URL is valid). #511
Fixed requoting a single percent followed by a percent-encoded character in the Cython implementation. #514
Fix ValueError when decoding % which is not followed by two hexadecimal digits. #516
Fix decoding % followed by a space and hexadecimal digit. #520
Fix annotation of with_query()/update_query() methods for key=[val1, val2] case. #528
Drop Python 3.5 support; Python 3.6 is the minimal supported Python version.
Allow for int and float subclasses in query, while still denying bool. #492
Do not requote arguments in URL.build(), with_xxx() and in / operator. #502
Keep IPv6 brackets in origin(). #504
Fix including relocated internal yarl._quoting_c C-extension into published PyPI dists. #485
Convert host to lowercase on URL building. #386
Allow using mod operator (%) for updating query string (an alias for update_query() method). #435
Allow use of sequences such as list and tuple in the values of a mapping such as dict to represent that a key has many values:
url = URL("http://example.com")
assert url.with_query({"a": [1, 2]}) == URL("http://example.com/?a=1&a=2")
Support URL.build() with scheme and path (creates a relative URL). #464
Cache slow IDNA encode/decode calls. #476
Add @final / Final type hints #477
Support URL authority/raw_authority properties and authority argument of URL.build() method. #478
Hide the library implementation details, make the exposed public list very clean. #483
Fix tests with newer Python (3.7.6, 3.8.1 and 3.9.0+). #409
Fix a bug where query component, passed in a form of mapping or sequence, is unquoted in unexpected way. #426
Hide Query and QueryVariable type aliases in __init__.pyi, now they are prefixed with underscore. #431
Keep IPv6 brackets after updating port/user/password. #451
Features
Workaround for missing str.isascii() in Python 3.6 #389
Fix regression, make the library work on Python 3.5 and 3.6 again.
Distinguish an empty password in URL from a password not provided at all (#262)
Fixed annotations for optional parameters of URL.build (#309)
Use None as default value of user parameter of URL.build (#309)
Enforce building C Accelerated modules when installing from source tarball, use YARL_NO_EXTENSIONS environment variable for falling back to (slower) Pure Python implementation (#329)
Drop Python 3.5 support
Fix quoting of plus in path by pure python version (#339)
Don’t create a new URL if fragment is unchanged (#292)
Included in error message the path that produces starting slash forbidden error (#376)
Skip slow IDNA encoding for ASCII-only strings (#387)
Fix annotations for query parameter (#207)
An incoming query sequence can have int variables (the same as for Mapping type) (#208)
Add URL.explicit_port property (#218)
Give a friendlier error when port can’t be converted to int (#168)
bool(URL()) now returns False (#272)
Drop Python 3.4 trove classifier (#205)
Fix annotations for build (#199)
Fix annotations for cached_property (#195)
Accept str subclasses in URL constructor (#190)
Fix build
Pin minimal required Python to 3.5.3 (#189)
Forbid inheritance, replace __init__ with __new__ (#171)
Support PEP-561 (provide type hinting marker) (#182)
Fix performance regression: don’t encode empty netloc (#170)
Make pure Python quoter consistent with Cython version (#162)
Use fast path if quoted string does not need requoting (#154)
Speed up quoting/unquoting by _Quoter and _Unquoter classes (#155)
Drop yarl.quote and yarl.unquote public functions (#155)
Add custom string writer, reuse static buffer if available (#157) Code is 50-80 times faster than Pure Python version (was 4-5 times faster)
Don’t recode IP zone (#144)
Support encoded=True in yarl.URL.build() (#158)
Fix updating query with multiple keys (#160)
Fallback to IDNA 2003 if domain name is not IDNA 2008 compatible (#152)
Use IDNA 2008 for domain name processing (#149)
Fix raising TypeError by url.query_string() after url.with_query({}) (empty mapping) (#141)
Add raw_path_qs attribute (#137)
Restore strict parameter as no-op in quote / unquote
Restore strict parameter as no-op for sake of compatibility with aiohttp 2.2
Drop strict mode (#123)
Fix "ValueError: Unallowed PCT %" when there’s a "%" in the URL (#124)
Document encoded parameter (#102)
Support relative URLs like '?key=value' (#100)
Unsafe encoding for QS fixed. Encode ; character in value parameter (#104)
Process passwords without user names (#95)
Properly support paths without leading slash in URL.with_path() (#90)
Enable type annotation checks
Normalize path (#86)
Clear query and fragment parts in .with_path() (#85)
Prevent double URL arguments unquoting (#83)
Unexpected hash behavior (#75)
Unexpected compare behavior (#73)
Do not quote or unquote + if not a query string. (#74)
Added URL.build class method (#58)
Added path_qs attribute (#42)
Do not quote : in path
Load from pickle without _cache (#56)
Percent-encoded pluses in path variables become spaces (#59)
Revert backward incompatible change (BaseURL)
Fix BaseURL rich comparison support
Use BaseURL
Added BaseURL
Remove debug print
Do not lose tail chars (#45)
Allow to quote % in non strict mode (#21)
Incorrect parsing of query parameters with %3B (;) inside (#34)
Fix core dumps (#41)
tmpbuf - compiling error (#43)
Added URL.update_path() method
Added URL.update_query() method (#47)
Fix broken aiohttp: revert back quote / unquote.
Support more verbose error messages in .with_query() (#24)
Don’t percent-encode @ and : in path (#32)
Don’t expose yarl.quote and yarl.unquote, these functions are part of private API
Accept not only str but all classes inherited from str also (#25)
Accept int as value for .with_query()
Explicitly use UTF8 encoding in setup.py (#20)
Properly unquote non-UTF8 strings (#19)
Don’t use typing.NamedTuple fields but indexes on URL construction
Inline _encode class method
Make URL construction faster by removing extra classmethod calls
Add Cython optimization for quoting/unquoting
Provide binary wheels
Fix typing stubs
Expose quote() and unquote() as public API
Support empty values in query ('/path?arg')
Introduce relative() (#16)
Typo fixes #15
Support sequence of pairs as with_query() parameter
Introduce is_default_port()
Raise ValueError for URLs like ‘http://:8080/’
Avoid doubling slashes when joining paths (#13)
Appending path starting from slash is forbidden (#12)
Add kwargs support for with_query() (#10)
Document with_query(), with_fragment() and origin()
Allow None for with_query() and with_fragment()
Fix links, tune docs theme.
Update README, old version used obsolete API
The library was deeply refactored, bytes are gone away but all accepted strings are encoded if needed.
The first release.
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