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stdeb · PyPI

stdeb - Python to Debian source package conversion utility

stdeb produces Debian source packages from Python packages via a new distutils command, sdist_dsc. Automatic defaults are provided for the Debian package, but many aspects of the resulting package can be customized (see the customizing section, below). An additional command, bdist_deb, creates a Debian binary package, a .deb file. The install_deb command installs this .deb file. The debianize command builds a debian/ directory directly alongside your setup.py.

Several convenience utilities are also provided:

Contents

Python 3 support

As explained in more detail below, the heart of stdeb is the sdist_dsc distutils command. This command runs once to generate a Debian source package. This Debian source package can specify building packages for Python 2, Python 3, or both. Furthermore, this generation can be done with the Python 2 or Python 3 interpreter. By default, only packages are built for the version of Python being used. To override this, use --with-python2=True or --with-python3=True as an argument to the sdist_dsc distutils command (or use both to be sure). For example, to build only a Python 3 package using the Python 3 interpreter:

python3 setup.py --command-packages=stdeb.command bdist_deb

To build both Python 2 and Python 3 packages using the Python 3 interpreter (and only the Python3 package installs scripts):

python3 setup.py --command-packages=stdeb.command sdist_dsc --with-python2=True --with-python3=True --no-python2-scripts=True bdist_deb
News

Releases up to and including 0.3.2 are compatible with Ubuntu Hardy.

The commands pypi-download, command-line command

pypi-download takes a package name, queries PyPI for it and downloads it:

pypi-download [options] mypackage
pypi-install, command-line command

pypi-install takes a package name, queries PyPI for it, downloads it, builds a Debian source package and then .deb from it, and this installs it:

pypi-install [options] mypackage
py2dsc, command-line command

py2dsc takes a .tar.gz source package and build a Debian source package from it:

py2dsc [options] mypackage-0.1.tar.gz # uses pre-built Python source package
py2dsc-deb, command-line command

py2dsc-deb takes a .tar.gz source package and build a Debian source package and then a .deb file from it:

py2dsc-deb [options] mypackage-0.1.tar.gz # uses pre-built Python source package
sdist_dsc, distutils command

All methods eventually result in a call to the sdist_dsc distutils command. You may prefer to do so directly:

python setup.py --command-packages=stdeb.command sdist_dsc

A Debian source package is produced from unmodified Python packages. The following files are produced in a newly created subdirectory deb_dist:

These can then be compiled into binary packages using the standard Debian machinery (e.g. dpkg-buildpackage).

bdist_deb, distutils command

A bdist_deb distutils command is installed. This calls the sdist_dsc command and then runs dpkg-buildpackage on the result:

python setup.py --command-packages=stdeb.command bdist_deb
install_deb, distutils command

The install_deb distutils command calls the bdist_deb command and then installs the result. You need to run this with superuser privilege:

sudo python setup.py --command-packages=stdeb.command install_deb
debianize, distutils command

The debianize distutils command builds the same debian/ directory as used in the previous command, but the output is placed directly in the project’s root folder (alongside setup.py). This is useful for customizing the Debian package directly (rather than using the various stdeb options to tune the generated package).

python setup.py --command-packages=stdeb.command debianize
A note about telling distutils to use the stdeb distutils commands

Distutils command packages can also be specified in distutils configuration files (rather than using the --command-packages command line argument to setup.py), as specified in the distutils documentation. Specifically, you could include this in your ~/.pydistutils.cfg file:

[global]
command-packages: stdeb.command
Examples

These all assume you have stdeb installed in your system Python path. stdeb also works from a non-system Python path (e.g. a virtualenv).

Quickstart 1: Install something from PyPI now, I don’t care about anything else

Do this from the command line:

pypi-install mypackage

Warning: Despite doing its best, there is absolutely no way stdeb can guarantee all the Debian package dependencies will be properly fulfilled without manual intervention. Using pypi-install bypasses your ability to customize stdeb’s behavior. Read the rest of this document to understand how to make better packages.

Quickstart 2: Just tell me the fastest way to make a .deb

(First, install stdeb as you normally install Python packages.)

Do this from the directory with your setup.py file:

python setup.py --command-packages=stdeb.command bdist_deb

This will make a Debian source package (.dsc, .orig.tar.gz and .diff.gz files) and then compile it to a Debian binary package (.deb) for your current system. The result will be in deb_dist.

Warning: installing the .deb file on other versions of Ubuntu or Debian than the one on which it was compiled will result in undefined behavior. If you have extension modules, they will probably break. Even in the absence of extension modules, bad stuff will likely happen.

For this reason, it is much better to build the Debian source package and then compile that (e.g. using Ubuntu’s PPA) for each target version of Debian or Ubuntu.

Quickstart 3: I read the warning, so show me how to make a source package, then compile it

This generates a source package:

pypi-download Reindent --release=0.1.0
py2dsc Reindent-0.1.0.tar.gz

This turns it into a .deb using the standard Debian tools. (Do this on the same source package for each target distribution):

cd deb_dist/reindent-0.1.0/
dpkg-buildpackage -rfakeroot -uc -us

This installs it:

cd ..
sudo dpkg -i python-reindent_0.1.0-1_all.deb
Quickstart 4: Install from a Python package direct to a debian system package

(First, install stdeb as you normally install Python packages.)

Do this from the directory with your setup.py file:

python setup.py --command-packages=stdeb.command install_deb

This will make a Debian source package (.dsc, .orig.tar.gz and .diff.gz files), compile it to a Debian binary package (.deb) for your current system and then install it using dpkg.

Another example, with more explanation

This example is more useful if you don’t have a Python source package (.tar.gz file generated by python setup.py sdist). For the sake of illustration, we do download such a tarball, but immediately unpack it (alternatively, use a version control system to grab the unpacked source of a package):

pypi-download Reindent --release=0.1.0
tar xzf Reindent-0.1.0.tar.gz
cd Reindent-0.1.0

The following will generate a directory deb_dist containing the files reindent_0.1.0-1.dsc, reindent_0.1.0.orig.tar.gz and reindent_0.1.0-1.diff.gz, which, together, are a debian source package:

python setup.py --command-packages=stdeb.command sdist_dsc

The source generated in the above way is also extracted (using dpkg-source -x) and placed in the deb_dist subdirectory. To continue the example above:

cd deb_dist/reindent-0.1.0
dpkg-buildpackage -rfakeroot -uc -us

Finally, the generated package can be installed:

cd ..
sudo dpkg -i python-reindent_0.1.0-1_all.deb

For yet another example of use, with still more explanation, see allmydata-tahoe ticket 251.

Download

Files are available at the download page (for ancient releases, see the old download page).

The git repository is available at http://github.com/astraw/stdeb

Install (or, using stdeb to create an stdeb installer)

For a bit of fun, here’s how to install stdeb using stdeb. Note that stdeb is also in Debian and Ubuntu, so this recipe is only necessary to install a more recent stdeb.

STDEB_VERSION="0.10.1"

# Download stdeb
pypi-download stdeb --release=$STDEB_VERSION

# Extract it
tar xzf stdeb-$STDEB_VERSION.tar.gz

# Enter extracted source package
cd stdeb-$STDEB_VERSION

# Build .deb (making use of stdeb package directory in sys.path).
python setup.py --command-packages=stdeb.command bdist_deb

# Install it
sudo dpkg -i deb_dist/python-stdeb_$STDEB_VERSION-1_all.deb
Background

For the average Python package, its source distribution (python_package.tar.gz created with python setup.py sdist) contains nearly everything necessary to make a Debian source package. This near-equivalence encouraged me to write this distutils extension, which executes the setup.py file to extract relevant information. setuptools may optionally be used.

I wrote this initially to Debianize several Python packages of my own, but I have the feeling it could be generally useful. It appears similar, at least in theory, to easydeb, Logilab’s Devtools, bdist_dpkg, bdist_deb, pkgme and dh-virtualenv.

Features Customizing the produced Debian source package (config options)

stdeb will attempt to provide reasonable defaults, but these are only guesses.

There are two ways to customize the Debian source package produced by stdeb. First, you may provide options to the distutils commands. Second, you may provide an stdeb.cfg file.

stdeb distutils command options

The sdist_dsc command takes command-line options to the distutils command. For example:

python setup.py --command-packages=stdeb.command sdist_dsc --debian-version 0MyName1

This creates a Debian package with the Debian version set to “0MyName1”.

These options can also be set via distutils configuration files. (These are the setup.cfg file alongside setup.py and the ~/.pydistutils.cfg file.) In that case, put the arguments in the [sdist_dsc] section. For example, a project’s ~/.setup.cfg file might have this:

[sdist_dsc]
debian-version: 0MyName1

To pass these commands to sdist_dsc when calling bdist_deb, do this:

python setup.py sdist_dsc --debian-version 0MyName1 bdist_deb

Command line option

Effect

–with-python2

build Python 2 package (default=True)

–with-python3

build Python 3 package (default=False)

–no-python2-scripts

disable installation of Python 2 scripts (default=False)

–no-python3-scripts

disable installation of Python 3 scripts (default=False)

–force-x-python3-version

Override default minimum python3:any dependency with value from x-python3- version

–allow-virtualenv-install-location

Allow installing into /some/random/virtualenv-path

–with-dh-virtualenv

Build the package using dh_virtualenv, so all dependencies are embedded into the packages.

–with-dh-systemd

Add the systemd addon that will add dh_systemd_enable and dh_systemd_start helpers at the correct time during build.

–sign-results

Use gpg to sign the resulting .dsc and .changes file

–sign-key

Specify signing key

–dist-dir (-d)

directory to put final built distributions in (default=’deb_dist’)

–patch-already-applied (-a)

patch was already applied (used when py2dsc calls sdist_dsc)

–default-distribution

deprecated (see –suite)

–compat

debian compatibility level (default=9)

–suite (-z)

distribution name to use if not specified in .cfg (default=’unstable’)

–default-maintainer

deprecated (see –maintainer)

–maintainer (-m)

maintainer name and email to use if not specified in .cfg (default from setup.py)

–extra-cfg-file (-x)

additional .cfg file (in addition to stdeb.cfg if present)

–patch-file (-p)

patch file applied before setup.py called (incompatible with file specified in .cfg)

–patch-level (-l)

patch file applied before setup.py called (incompatible with file specified in .cfg)

–patch-posix (-q)

apply the patch with –posix mode

–remove-expanded-source-dir (-r)

remove the expanded source directory

–ignore-install-requires (-i)

ignore the requirements from requires.txt in the egg-info directory

–ignore-source-changes

ignore all changes on source when building source package (add -i.* option to dpkg-source)

–no-backwards-compatibility

This option has no effect, is here for backwards compatibility, and may be removed someday.

–guess-conflicts-provides-replaces

If True, attempt to guess Conflicts/Provides/Replaces in debian/control based on apt-cache output. (Default=False).

–use-premade-distfile (-P)

use .zip or .tar.gz file already made by sdist command

–source

debian/control Source: (Default: <source-debianized-setup-name>)

–package

debian/control Package: (Default: python-<debianized-setup-name>)

–suite

suite (e.g. stable, lucid) in changelog (Default: unstable)

–maintainer

debian/control Maintainer: (Default: <setup-maintainer-or-author>)

–debian-version

debian version (Default: 1)

–section

debian/control Section: (Default: python)

–epoch

version epoch

–forced-upstream-version

forced upstream version

–upstream-version-prefix

upstream version prefix

–upstream-version-suffix

upstream version suffix

–uploaders

uploaders

–copyright-file

copyright file

–build-depends

debian/control Build-Depends:

–build-conflicts

debian/control Build-Conflicts:

–stdeb-patch-file

file containing patches for stdeb to apply

–stdeb-patch-level

patch level provided to patch command

–depends

debian/control Depends:

–suggests

debian/control Suggests:

–recommends

debian/control Recommends:

–xs-python-version

debian/control XS-Python-Version:

–x-python3-version

debian/control X-Python3-Version:

–dpkg-shlibdeps-params

parameters passed to dpkg-shlibdeps

–conflicts

debian/control Conflicts:

–provides

debian/control Provides:

–replaces

debian/control Replaces:

–mime-desktop-files

MIME desktop files

–mime-file

MIME file

–shared-mime-file

shared MIME file

–setup-env-vars

environment variables passed to setup.py

–udev-rules

file with rules to install to udev

You may also pass any arguments described below for the stdeb.cfg file via distutils options. Passing the arguments this way (either on the command line, or in the [sdist_dsc] section of a distutils .cfg file) will take precedence. The option name should be given in lower case.

stdeb.cfg configuration file

You may write config files of the format understood by ConfigParser. When building each package, stdeb looks for the existence of a stdeb.cfg in the directory with setup.py. You may specify an additional config file with the command-line option –extra-cfg-file. The section should should either be [DEFAULT] or [package_name], which package_name is specified as the name argument to the setup() command. An example stdeb.cfg file is:

[DEFAULT]
Depends: python-numpy
XS-Python-Version: >= 2.6

All available options:

Config file option

Effect

Source

debian/control Source: (Default: <source-debianized-setup-name>)

Package

debian/control Package: (Default: python-<debianized-setup-name>)

Package3

debian/control Package: for python3 (Default: python3-<debianized-setup-name>)

Suite

suite (e.g. stable, lucid) in changelog (Default: unstable)

Suite3

suite (e.g. stable, lucid) for python3 (Default: uses value of Suite option)

Maintainer

debian/control Maintainer: (Default: <setup-maintainer-or-author>)

Debian-Version

debian version (Default: 1)

Section

debian/control Section: (Default: python)

Epoch

version epoch

Forced-Upstream-Version

forced upstream version

Upstream-Version-Prefix

upstream version prefix

Upstream-Version-Suffix

upstream version suffix

Uploaders

uploaders

Copyright-File

copyright file

Build-Depends

debian/control Build-Depends:

Build-Conflicts

debian/control Build-Conflicts:

Stdeb-Patch-File

file containing patches for stdeb to apply

Stdeb-Patch-Level

patch level provided to patch command

Depends

debian/control Depends:

Depends3

debian/control Depends: for python3

Suggests

debian/control Suggests:

Suggests3

debian/control Suggests: for python3

Recommends

debian/control Recommends:

Recommends3

debian/control Recommends: for python3

XS-Python-Version

debian/control XS-Python-Version:

X-Python3-Version

debian/control X-Python3-Version:

Dpkg-Shlibdeps-Params

parameters passed to dpkg-shlibdeps

Conflicts

debian/control Conflicts:

Conflicts3

debian/control Conflicts: for python3

Breaks

debian/control Breaks:

Breaks3

debian/control Breaks: for python3

Provides

debian/control Provides:

Provides3

debian/control Provides: for python3

Replaces

debian/control Replaces:

Replaces3

debian/control Replaces: for python3

MIME-Desktop-Files

MIME desktop files

MIME-File

MIME file

Shared-MIME-File

shared MIME file

Setup-Env-Vars

environment variables passed to setup.py

Udev-Rules

file with rules to install to udev

Python2-Depends-Name

override Python 2 Debian package name in ${python:Depends}

The option names in stdeb.cfg files are not case sensitive.

Reproducible builds

By default stdeb uses the current time for the the timestamp in the generated changelog file. This results in a non-reproducible build since every invocation generates a different changelog / .deb. The environment variable SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH can be set to a fixed timestamp (e.g. when the version was tagged or of the last commit was made) which will be used in the changelog instead. This will ensure that the produced .deb is reproducible on repeated invocations.

For more information about reproducible builds and this specific environment variable please see https://reproducible-builds.org/docs/source-date-epoch/

Prerequisites
TODO Call for volunteers

I don’t have a lot of time for this. This project stands a very real chance of being only a shadow of its potential self unless people step up and contribute. There are numerous ways in which people could help. In particular, I’d be interested in finding a co-maintainer or maintainer if the project generates any interest. Secondarily, I would appreciate advice from Debian developers or Ubuntu MOTUs about the arcane details of Python packaging.

Mailing list

Please address all questions to the distutils-SIG

License

MIT-style license. Copyright (c) 2006-2015 stdeb authors.

See the LICENSE.txt file provided with the source distribution for full details.

Authors Additional Credits

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