RDFLib is a pure Python package for working with RDF. RDFLib contains most things you need to work with RDF, including:
The RDFlib community maintains many RDF-related Python code repositories with different purposes. For example:
Please see the list for all packages/repositories here:
Help with maintenance of all of the RDFLib family of packages is always welcome and appreciated.
Versions & Releasesmain
branch in this repository is the current unstable release - version 8 alpha7.1.4
tidy-up release, possibly last 7.x release7.1.3
current stable release, small improvements to 7.1.17.1.2
previously deleted release7.1.1
previous stable release
7.0.0
previous stable release, supports Python 3.8.1+ only.
6.x.y
supports Python 3.7+ only. Many improvements over 5.0.0
5.x.y
supports Python 2.7 and 3.4+ and is mostly backwards compatible with 4.2.2.See https://github.com/RDFLib/rdflib/releases/ for the release details.
DocumentationSee https://rdflib.readthedocs.io for our documentation built from the code. Note that there are latest
, stable
and versioned builds, such as 5.0.0
, matching releases.
The stable release of RDFLib may be installed with Python's package management tool pip:
$ pip install rdflib
Some features of RDFLib require optional dependencies which may be installed using pip extras:
$ pip install rdflib[berkeleydb,networkx,html,lxml,orjson]
Alternatively manually download the package from the Python Package Index (PyPI) at https://pypi.python.org/pypi/rdflib
Installation of the current main branch (for developers)With pip you can also install rdflib from the git repository with one of the following options:
$ pip install git+https://github.com/rdflib/rdflib@main
or
$ pip install -e git+https://github.com/rdflib/rdflib@main#egg=rdflib
or from your locally cloned repository you can install it with one of the following options:
$ poetry install # installs into a poetry-managed venv
or
$ pip install -e .
Getting Started
RDFLib aims to be a pythonic RDF API. RDFLib's main data object is a Graph
which is a Python collection of RDF Subject, Predicate, Object Triples:
To create graph and load it with RDF data from DBPedia then print the results:
from rdflib import Graph g = Graph() g.parse('http://dbpedia.org/resource/Semantic_Web') for s, p, o in g: print(s, p, o)
The components of the triples are URIs (resources) or Literals (values).
URIs are grouped together by namespace, common namespaces are included in RDFLib:
from rdflib.namespace import DC, DCTERMS, DOAP, FOAF, SKOS, OWL, RDF, RDFS, VOID, XMLNS, XSD
You can use them like this:
from rdflib import Graph, URIRef, Literal from rdflib.namespace import RDFS, XSD g = Graph() semweb = URIRef('http://dbpedia.org/resource/Semantic_Web') type = g.value(semweb, RDFS.label)
Where RDFS
is the RDFS namespace, XSD
the XML Schema Datatypes namespace and g.value
returns an object of the triple-pattern given (or an arbitrary one if multiple exist).
Or like this, adding a triple to a graph g
:
g.add(( URIRef("http://example.com/person/nick"), FOAF.givenName, Literal("Nick", datatype=XSD.string) ))
The triple (in n-triples notation) <http://example.com/person/nick> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/givenName> "Nick"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
is created where the property FOAF.givenName
is the URI <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/givenName>
and XSD.string
is the URI <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string>
.
You can bind namespaces to prefixes to shorten the URIs for RDF/XML, Turtle, N3, TriG, TriX & JSON-LD serializations:
g.bind("foaf", FOAF) g.bind("xsd", XSD)
This will allow the n-triples triple above to be serialised like this:
print(g.serialize(format="turtle"))
With these results:
PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> <http://example.com/person/nick> foaf:givenName "Nick"^^xsd:string .
New Namespaces can also be defined:
dbpedia = Namespace('http://dbpedia.org/ontology/') abstracts = list(x for x in g.objects(semweb, dbpedia['abstract']) if x.language=='en')
See also ./examples
FeaturesThe library contains parsers and serializers for RDF/XML, N3, NTriples, N-Quads, Turtle, TriX, JSON-LD, RDFa and Microdata.
The library presents a Graph interface which can be backed by any one of a number of Store implementations.
This core RDFLib package includes store implementations for in-memory storage and persistent storage on top of the Berkeley DB.
A SPARQL 1.1 implementation is included - supporting SPARQL 1.1 Queries and Update statements.
RDFLib is open source and is maintained on GitHub. RDFLib releases, current and previous are listed on PyPI
Multiple other projects are contained within the RDFlib "family", see https://github.com/RDFLib/.
Running tests Running the tests on the hostRun the test suite with pytest
.
poetry install poetry run pytestRunning test coverage on the host with coverage report
Run the test suite and generate a HTML coverage report with pytest
and pytest-cov
.
poetry run pytest --covViewing test coverage
Once tests have produced HTML output of the coverage report, view it by running:
poetry run pytest --cov --cov-report term --cov-report html python -m http.server --directory=htmlcovContributing
RDFLib survives and grows via user contributions! Please read our contributing guide and developers guide to get started. Please consider lodging Pull Requests here:
To get a development environment consider using Gitpod or Google Cloud Shell.
You can also raise issues here:
Support & ContactsFor general "how do I..." queries, please use https://stackoverflow.com and tag your question with rdflib
. Existing questions:
If you want to contact the rdflib maintainers, please do so via:
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