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Showing content from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34686952/ below:

Exposure to Social Media Racial Discrimination and Mental Health among Adolescents of Color

doi: 10.1007/s10964-021-01514-z. Epub 2021 Oct 22. Exposure to Social Media Racial Discrimination and Mental Health among Adolescents of Color

Affiliations

¹ Department of Psychology, Fordham University, 441 East Fordham Road, Dealy Hall, Bronx, NY, 10458, US. xtao16@fordham.edu.
² Department of Psychology, Fordham University, 441 East Fordham Road, Dealy Hall, Bronx, NY, 10458, US.
³ Center for Ethics Education, Fordham University, 441 East Fordham Road, Dealy Hall, Bronx, NY, 10458, US.

PMID: 34686952
PMCID: PMC8535107
DOI: 10.1007/s10964-021-01514-z

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Exposure to Social Media Racial Discrimination and Mental Health among Adolescents of Color

Xiangyu Tao et al. J Youth Adolesc. 2022 Jan.

doi: 10.1007/s10964-021-01514-z. Epub 2021 Oct 22. Affiliations

¹ Department of Psychology, Fordham University, 441 East Fordham Road, Dealy Hall, Bronx, NY, 10458, US. xtao16@fordham.edu.
² Department of Psychology, Fordham University, 441 East Fordham Road, Dealy Hall, Bronx, NY, 10458, US.
³ Center for Ethics Education, Fordham University, 441 East Fordham Road, Dealy Hall, Bronx, NY, 10458, US.

PMID: 34686952
PMCID: PMC8535107
DOI: 10.1007/s10964-021-01514-z

Item in Clipboard

Abstract

Offline and online racial discrimination has been associated with mental health problems among adolescents of color. Pandemic shelter-at-home policies and the reignited racial justice movement increased the use of social media among youth of color, potentially exposing them to social media racial discrimination. Yet, it is unclear which aspects of social media significantly contributed to youth exposure to racial discrimination and associated mental health issues during this period. This study assessed the relationships among social media use (hours, racial intergroup contact, and racial justice civic engagement), individual and vicarious social media discrimination (defined as personally directed versus observing discrimination directed at others), and mental health among 115 black, 112 East/Southeast Asian, 79 Indigenous, and 101 Latinx adolescents (N = 407, 82.31% female, aged 15-18 years, M = 16.47, SD = 0.93). Structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses indicate that hours of use and racial justice civic engagement were associated with increased social media racial discrimination, depressive symptoms, anxiety, alcohol use disorder, and drug use problems. Furthermore, individual social media racial discrimination fully mediated the relationship between racial justice civic publication and depressive and alcohol use disorder. Vicarious social media racial discrimination fully mediated the relationship between racial justice activity coordination with depressive symptoms, anxiety, and alcohol use disorder. Alternative SEM models indicate that exposure to individual and vicarious social media racial discrimination increased depressive symptoms and drug use problems among youth of color, further increasing their social media use frequency and racial justice civic publication. The findings call for strategies to mitigate the effects of social media racial discrimination in ways that support adolescents' racial justice civic engagement and mental health.

Keywords: Adolescent; COVID-19; Mental health; Racial discrimination; Racial justice; Social media.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures
Fig. 1

Standardized results for structural equation…

Fig. 1

Standardized results for structural equation model with bootstrapping approach testing the mediating effect…

Fig. 1

Standardized results for structural equation model with bootstrapping approach testing the mediating effect of individual social media racial discrimination on the association between social media use with mental health. Results were statistically significant based on the 95% confidence interval. Covariates included race/ethnicity, age, financial insecurity, COVID-19-related worry and frequency of seeing friends outside the home. For presentation purpose, direct effects of hours of social media use on depressive symptoms (β = 0.15, 95% CI [0.014, 0.065]) and anxiety (β = 0.14, 95% CI [0.005, 0.020]), and direct effects of social media racial justice civic publication on depressive symptoms (β = 0.14, 95% CI [0.096, 3.66]) and anxiety (β = 0.16, 95% CI [0.16, 1.86]) were omitted

Fig. 2

Standardized results for structural equation…

Fig. 2

Standardized results for structural equation model with bootstrapping approach testing the mediating effect…

Fig. 2

Standardized results for structural equation model with bootstrapping approach testing the mediating effect of vicarious social media racial discrimination on the association between social media use with mental health. Results were statistically significant based on the 95% confidence interval. Covariates included race/ethnicity, age, financial insecurity, COVID-19-related worry and frequency of seeing friends outside the home. For presentation purpose, direct effects of hours of social media use on depressive symptoms (β = 0.16, 95% CI [0.015, 0.065]) and anxiety (β = 0.13, 95% CI [0.003, 0.027]), and direct effects of social media racial justice activity coordination on illicit drug use (β = 0.22, 95% CI [0.047, 0.26]) and alcohol use disorder (β = 0.18, 95% CI [0.019, 0.21]) were omitted