Home - News ( United States | United Kingdom | Italy | Germany ) - Football scores

Showing content from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33452573/ below:

Inequities in Employment by Race, Ethnicity, and Sector During COVID-19

Affiliations

• ¹ Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU) School of Medicine, Portland, OR, USA. gemelas@ohsu.edu.
• ² OHSU-Portland State University School of Public Health, Portland, OR, USA. gemelas@ohsu.edu.
• ³ Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU) School of Medicine, Portland, OR, USA.
• ⁴ OHSU-Portland State University School of Public Health, Portland, OR, USA.
• ⁵ Highland Hospital Department of Internal Medicine, Oakland, CA, USA.

• PMID: 33452573
• PMCID: PMC7810107
• DOI: 10.1007/s40615-021-00963-3

Item in Clipboard

Jordan Gemelas et al. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2022 Feb.

• ¹ Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU) School of Medicine, Portland, OR, USA. gemelas@ohsu.edu.
• ² OHSU-Portland State University School of Public Health, Portland, OR, USA. gemelas@ohsu.edu.
• ³ Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU) School of Medicine, Portland, OR, USA.
• ⁴ OHSU-Portland State University School of Public Health, Portland, OR, USA.
• ⁵ Highland Hospital Department of Internal Medicine, Oakland, CA, USA.

• PMID: 33452573
• PMCID: PMC7810107
• DOI: 10.1007/s40615-021-00963-3

Item in Clipboard

Objective: To determine whether people of Color experienced disparate levels of employment loss in frontline versus non-frontline occupations during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: The Bureau of Labor Statistics Current Population Survey data was analyzed in a cross-sectional study. Percent change in number employed was tabulated quarterly for groups by race and ethnicity (Black or African American, Asian American, or Hispanic or Latinx compared to White or non-Hispanic or Latinx) and frontline occupation status between January 1 and June 30, 2020. Two-tailed two-sample tests of proportions were used to compare groups statistically.

Results: More dramatic declines in number employed occurred in the Black or African American, Asian American, and Hispanic or Latinx groups. When stratified by sector, greater declines were noted in the Hispanic or Latinx and Asian American frontline, and Black or African American non-frontline groups when compared to the referent groups.

Conclusions: Structural racism has further affected people of Color through differential employment loss during the onset of the pandemic, both overall and by sector. However, the effect of sector varies dramatically across racial and ethnic groups.

Policy implications: Because employment is an important social determinant of health and a potential risk factor for contracting COVID-19, these trends may provide important context for the prioritization of PPE and immunizations, as well as the provision of stable health insurance and income support for vulnerable workers.

Keywords: COVID-19; Health disparities; Occupational health; Social determinants of health; Social vulnerabilities.

© 2021. W. Montague Cobb-NMA Health Institute.

PubMed Disclaimer

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Percent change in number employed,…

Percent change in number employed, Q1 to Q2, 2019 and 2020, by racial…

Percent change in number employed, Q1 to Q2, 2019 and 2020, by racial or ethnic identity and frontline occupation status

• Structural racism and COVID-19 response: higher risk of exposure drives disparate COVID-19 deaths among Black and Hispanic/Latinx residents of Illinois, USA.

  Holden TM, Simon MA, Arnold DT, Halloway V, Gerardin J. Holden TM, et al. BMC Public Health. 2022 Feb 15;22(1):312. doi: 10.1186/s12889-022-12698-9. BMC Public Health. 2022. PMID: 35168585 Free PMC article.

• Similarities and Differences in COVID-19 Awareness, Concern, and Symptoms by Race and Ethnicity in the United States: Cross-Sectional Survey.

  Jones J, Sullivan PS, Sanchez TH, Guest JL, Hall EW, Luisi N, Zlotorzynska M, Wilde G, Bradley H, Siegler AJ. Jones J, et al. J Med Internet Res. 2020 Jul 10;22(7):e20001. doi: 10.2196/20001. J Med Internet Res. 2020. PMID: 32614778 Free PMC article.

• COVID-Related Victimization, Racial Bias and Employment and Housing Disruption Increase Mental Health Risk Among U.S. Asian, Black and Latinx Adults.

  Fisher CB, Tao X, Liu T, Giorgi S, Curtis B. Fisher CB, et al. Front Public Health. 2021 Oct 29;9:772236. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.772236. eCollection 2021. Front Public Health. 2021. PMID: 34778197 Free PMC article.

• Racial and ethnic disparities in cardiometabolic disease and COVID-19 outcomes in White, Black/African American, and Latinx populations: Social determinants of health.

  Grosicki GJ, Bunsawat K, Jeong S, Robinson AT. Grosicki GJ, et al. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2022 Mar-Apr;71:4-10. doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2022.04.004. Epub 2022 Apr 28. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2022. PMID: 35490870 Free PMC article. Review.

• Disproportionate Impact of COVID-19 on Racial and Ethnic Minority Groups in the United States: a 2021 Update.

  Tai DBG, Sia IG, Doubeni CA, Wieland ML. Tai DBG, et al. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2022 Dec;9(6):2334-2339. doi: 10.1007/s40615-021-01170-w. Epub 2021 Oct 13. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2022. PMID: 34647273 Free PMC article. Review.

• The infected and the affected: A longitudinal study of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on schoolchildren in Florida.

  McKune SL, Acosta D, Fujii Y, Joyce-Beaulieu D, Sayeed MA, Cato E, Flaherty KE, Creasy-Marrazzo A, Pu R, Kariyawasam S, Arukha A, Cummings DAT, Long MT, Maurelli AT, Nelson EJ. McKune SL, et al. Front Public Health. 2023 Mar 8;11:1003923. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1003923. eCollection 2023. Front Public Health. 2023. PMID: 36969651 Free PMC article.

• Ryan White programming that primarily supports clinical care falls short when core people needs are not met: further evidence from the medical monitoring project.

  Schneider JA, Bouris A. Schneider JA, et al. AIDS. 2022 Aug 1;36(10):1453-1456. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000003233. AIDS. 2022. PMID: 35876703 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

• Trends in diabetic ketoacidosis- and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state-related mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States: A population-based study.

  He X, Huang AH, Lv F, Gao X, Guo Y, Liu Y, Hu X, Xie J, Gao N, Jiao Y, Wang Y, Zu J, Zhang L, Ji F, Yeo YH. He X, et al. J Diabetes. 2024 Aug;16(8):e13591. doi: 10.1111/1753-0407.13591. J Diabetes. 2024. PMID: 39136498 Free PMC article.

• Racial and ethnic differentials in COVID-19-related job exposures by occupational standing in the US.

  Goldman N, Pebley AR, Lee K, Andrasfay T, Pratt B. Goldman N, et al. PLoS One. 2021 Sep 1;16(9):e0256085. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256085. eCollection 2021. PLoS One. 2021. PMID: 34469440 Free PMC article.

• Developing an equitable intervention approach for communities of color: mental health and co-occurring physical health concerns in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

  Gutierrez Chavez M, Kaur K, Baucom KJW, Sanchez-Birkhead A, Sunada GR, Mukundente V, Tavake-Pasi F, Napia EE, Villalta J, Asnaani A. Gutierrez Chavez M, et al. Transl Behav Med. 2022 Oct 7;12(9):919-926. doi: 10.1093/tbm/ibac033. Transl Behav Med. 2022. PMID: 36205469 Free PMC article.

1. 1. Coronavirus layoffs more severely threaten housing security for Asian, Latinx and Black Households. April 27, 2020. Accessed June 28, 2020. https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/coronavirus-layoffs-more-sever...
2. 1. Gould E, Wilson V. Black workers face two of the most lethal preexisting conditions for coronavirus-- racism and economic inequality. Economic Policy Institute June 1, 2020. Accessed June 24, 2020. https://www.epi.org/publication/black-workers-covid/
3. 1. Yearby R. Racial disparities in health status and access to healthcare: the continuation of inequality in the United States due to structural racism. Am J Econ Sociol. 2018;77:1113–1152. doi: 10.1111/ajes.12230. - DOI
4. 1. Montenovo L, Jiang X, Rojas FL, et al. Determinants of disparities in Covid-19 job losses. Natl Bur Econ Res; 2020:w27132. 10.3386/w27132
5. 1. Yearby R, Mohapatra S. Law, structural racism, and the COVID-19 pandemic. J Law Biosci. 2020;7. 10.1093/jlb/lsaa036. - PMC - PubMed

RetroSearch is an open source project built by @garambo | Open a GitHub Issue

Search and Browse the WWW like it's 1997 | Search results from DuckDuckGo

HTML: 3.2 | Encoding: UTF-8 | Version: 0.7.3