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Health risk perceptions in the era of the new coronavirus: are the Italian people ready for a novel virus? A cross-sectional study on perceived personal and comparative susceptibility for infectious diseases

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
• ² Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy. Electronic address: valarosa@unict.it.
• ³ Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "GF Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy.

• PMID: 32866818
• PMCID: PMC7396885
• DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.07.036

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E Commodari et al. Public Health. 2020 Oct.

• ¹ Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
• ² Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy. Electronic address: valarosa@unict.it.
• ³ Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "GF Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy.

• PMID: 32866818
• PMCID: PMC7396885
• DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.07.036

Item in Clipboard

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the impact of psychological and sociodemographic variables on perceived personal and comparative susceptibility to diseases caused by a novel, unknown virus.

Study design: Cross-sectional study.

Methods: A total of 438 adults (200 male and 238 female) were interviewed in the waiting rooms of three primary care medicine outpatient clinics. The participants completed three validated questionnaires: the Italian Adjustment of Risk Perception of Infectious Diseases questionnaire, the General Self-Efficacy (GSE) scale, and the Italian Version of Personality Inventory (ITAPI).

Results: Only 5% of the respondents believed it likely that they would contract a disease caused by a novel virus in the following months, even though 5.9% considered this probability higher than that of other people of the same age and gender. Gender (P < .04), age (P = .002), and marital status (P = .002) significantly affected the perceived risk of getting a disease caused by a novel virus. Self-efficacy (P < .001), imagination (P < .001), and empathy (P < .001) were significant predictors of perceived personal susceptibility. Self-efficacy (P = .04) and imagination (P = .04) were predictive of perceived comparative susceptibility.

Conclusions: Adequate psycho-educational interventions are necessary to empower the population in adopting the necessary prevention and containment measures aimed at limiting the spread of novel diseases such as COVID-19 and avoiding disastrous consequences both at the health and economic level.

Keywords: Comparative susceptibility; Coronavirus; Novel virus; Perceived personal susceptibility; Personality; Sociodemographic variables.

Copyright © 2020 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Structural equation model of empathy, imagination, self-efficacy, and personal and comparative susceptibility.

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