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Showing content from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32822336/ below:

Evaluating the Use of LAST 2-Tiered Nomenclature and Its Impact on Reporting Cervical Lesions in a Population-Based Cancer Registry

• PMID: 32822336
• PMCID: PMC7933986

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Mei-Chin Hsieh et al. J Registry Manag. 2019 Winter.

• PMID: 32822336
• PMCID: PMC7933986

Item in Clipboard

Background: Since 2012, the Lower Anogenital Squamous Terminology (LAST) Project recommended a 2-tiered nomenclature, low-grade and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL and HSIL), to replace the 3-tiered cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) system for HPV-associated lesions. Prior to 2019, preinvasive cervical lesions classified as CIN3, severe dysplasia, carcinoma in situ (CIS), and adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) were considered reportable to the Louisiana Tumor Registry for a CIN3 project funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); but lesions classified exclusively as high-grade/HSIL based on the 2-tiered system were not considered reportable. Due to the terminology changes, we wanted to know whether pre-2019 reportable criteria need to be modified to capture all reportable precancerous cervical cases diagnosed in 2019 forward.

Objectives: To evaluate the utilization of LAST 2-tiered classification, low-grade and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, and p16 immunohistochemistry (IHC) testing on cervical biopsy/surgical specimens, assess the search criteria needed to identify high-grade lesions for the CDC-funded CIN3 project, and assess the impact of underreporting cervical lesions caused by terminology changes.

Methods: An equal number of abnormal/precancerous and normal cervical findings from biopsy pathology reports received in 2015 were randomly selected by an artificial intelligence (AI) search engine developed by Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Inc (AIM) using pre2019 search criteria. Selected pathology reports were reflagged for the reportability by AIM audit software based on 2019 search criteria and manually reviewed for the use of reportable terms including CIN3, severe dysplasia, CIS, AIS, highgrade/HSIL terminology, and CIN2 or CIN2-3 with positive p16 IHC testing. Cohen's kappa statistic was used to assess the agreement between AIM auto-coding and manual review. Positive predictive values (PPV) and sensitivity tests were computed to evaluate the reportable terms.

Results: Six out of 9 surveyed laboratories used 2-tiered terminology on cervical biopsy pathology reports and 7 performed p16 IHC tests. Of 1,974 randomly selected reports from 5 laboratories, 987 were flagged as precancer by AI using pre-2019 search criteria. After adding the high-grade/HSIL term into pre-2019 search criteria, precancerous reports increased by 29%. After manual review, 41.6% of these cases were reportable precancerous cervical cases with a PPV of 0.65 (95% CI, 0.62-0.67) and 13.6% had p16 IHC performed.

Conclusions: Both the 2-tiered and 3-tiered nomenclature are needed to ensure complete identification of all reportable high-grade cervical lesions.

Keywords: cervical intraepithelial neoplasia; cervical precancer; high-grade; p16 IHC staining; squamous intraepithelial lesions.

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AIS, adenocarcinoma in situ; CIN2,…

AIS, adenocarcinoma in situ; CIN2, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2; CIN3, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3; CIN2–3, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or 3; CIS, carcinoma in situ; HSIL (HGSIL), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion; ICD-O-3, International Classification of Disease for Oncology, 3rd edition; IHC, immunohistochemistry.

AIS, adenocarcinoma in situ; AIM, Artificial Intelligence…

AIS, adenocarcinoma in situ; AIM, Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Inc; CIN2, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2; CIN3, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3; CIN2–3, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or 3; CIS, carcinoma in situ; HSIL (HGSIL), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion; IHC, immunohistochemistry.

* Contained both pre-2019 (CIN3, severe dysplasia, CIS, and AIS) and new reportable terms (high-grade, HSIL, and CIN2 or CIN2–3 with positive p16 IHC test). AIS, adenocarcinoma in situ; CIN2, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2; CIN2–3, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or 3; CIS, carcinoma in situ; HSIL, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion; IHC, immunohistochemistry.

CIN2, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2; CIN2–3, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or 3; HSIL, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion.

* Contained…

* Contained both pre-2019 (CIN3, severe dysplasia, CIS, and AIS) and new reportable terms (high-grade, HSIL, and CIN2 or CIN2–3 with positive p16 IHC test). AIS, adenocarcinoma in situ; CIN2, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2; CIN2–3, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or 3; CIS, carcinoma in situ; HSIL, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion; IHC, immunohistochemistry.

• Overdiagnosis of HSIL on cervical biopsy: errors in p16 immunohistochemistry implementation.

  Clark JL, Lu D, Kalir T, Liu Y. Clark JL, et al. Hum Pathol. 2016 Sep;55:51-6. doi: 10.1016/j.humpath.2016.04.010. Epub 2016 Apr 29. Hum Pathol. 2016. PMID: 27134110

• Three-Tiered versus Two-Tiered Classification of Squamous Dysplasia in Cervical Cytology: Results of a Follow-Up Study.

  Marquardt K, Ziemke P, Neumann K. Marquardt K, et al. Acta Cytol. 2019;63(1):44-49. doi: 10.1159/000494984. Epub 2018 Dec 5. Acta Cytol. 2019. PMID: 30517915

• Diagnosing Anal Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions With and Without p16: An Interobserver Variability Study.

  Krishnamurti U, Mohammad M, Monsrud A, Mosunjac M, Oprea G, Hanley K, Tadros T, Flowers L, Mosunjac M. Krishnamurti U, et al. J Low Genit Tract Dis. 2020 Jan;24(1):69-74. doi: 10.1097/LGT.0000000000000500. J Low Genit Tract Dis. 2020. PMID: 31860579

• Cervical Cancers: Varieties and the Lower Anogenital Squamous Terminology.

  Gadkari R, Ravi R, Bhatia JK. Gadkari R, et al. Cytojournal. 2022 Jun 14;19:39. doi: 10.25259/CMAS_03_14_2021. eCollection 2022. Cytojournal. 2022. PMID: 35928526 Free PMC article. Review.

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