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Showing content from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32220208/ below:

Epidemiology of Covid-19 in a Long-Term Care Facility in King County, Washington

Case Reports

Collaborators, Affiliations

• Public Health–Seattle and King County, EvergreenHealth, and CDC COVID-19 Investigation Team: Meaghan S Fagalde, Jennifer L Lenahan, Emily B Maier, Julia E Hood, Kaitlyn J Sykes, Grace Hatt, Holly J Whitney, Melinda Huntington-Frazier, Elysia Gonzales, Laura A Mummert, Hal Garcia Smith, Steve Stearns, Eileen Benoliel, Shelly McKeirnan, Jennifer L Morgan, Daniel Smith, Michaela Hope, Noel Hatley, Joanie D Lambert, Alexandra R Topper, Sunghoi Mccarroll, Leslie M Barnard, Leilani Schwarcz, Jamie M Emert, Christopher Drucker, Sally Guan, Kosuke Kume, Karen Rodriquez, Tracie Jacinto, Nicole Yarid, Betty Y Yang, Catherine R Counts, David L Murphy, Eric Yim, Sandra Kreider, Dawn Barr, Nancy Wilde, Courtney Dorman, Airin Lam, Jeanette Harris, Hollianne Bruce, Christopher Spitters, Rachael Zacks, Jonathan Dyal, Christina M Carlson, Barbara Cooper, Michelle Banks, Heather P McLaughlin, S Arunmozhi Balajee, Christine Olson, Suzanne Zane, Hammad Ali, Jessica Healy, Kristine Schmit, Kevin Spicer, Zeshan Chisty, Sukarma Tanwar, Joanne Taylor, Leisha D Nolen, Jeneita Bell, Kelly Hatfield, Melissa Arons, Anne Kimball, Allison James, Mark Methner, Joshua M Harney

• ¹ From Public Health-Seattle and King County (T.M.M., S.C., S.P., M.K., J.L., A.B., V.K., M.D.L., J.F., C.B.-S., J.S.D.), University of Washington, Seattle (T.D.R., M.R.S., J.S.D.), EvergreenHealth, Kirkland (F.X.R.), Washington State Public Health Laboratory, Shoreline (D.R., B.H.), and Washington State Department of Health, Tumwater (P.M.) - all in Washington; and the Epidemic Intelligence Service (T.M.M., D.W.C., N.G.S., E.J.C., F.T., A.C.B., L.P.O.), COVID-19 Emergency Response (T.M.M., D.W.C., N.G.S., A.K.R., E.J.C., F.T., M.J.H., A.C.B., L.P.O., J.R.J., N.D.S., S.C.R., J.A.J., M.A.H., T.A.C.), and Laboratory Leadership Service (J.R.J.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta.

• PMID: 32220208
• PMCID: PMC7121761
• DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2005412

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Case Reports

Temet M McMichael et al. N Engl J Med. 2020.

• Public Health–Seattle and King County, EvergreenHealth, and CDC COVID-19 Investigation Team: Meaghan S Fagalde, Jennifer L Lenahan, Emily B Maier, Julia E Hood, Kaitlyn J Sykes, Grace Hatt, Holly J Whitney, Melinda Huntington-Frazier, Elysia Gonzales, Laura A Mummert, Hal Garcia Smith, Steve Stearns, Eileen Benoliel, Shelly McKeirnan, Jennifer L Morgan, Daniel Smith, Michaela Hope, Noel Hatley, Joanie D Lambert, Alexandra R Topper, Sunghoi Mccarroll, Leslie M Barnard, Leilani Schwarcz, Jamie M Emert, Christopher Drucker, Sally Guan, Kosuke Kume, Karen Rodriquez, Tracie Jacinto, Nicole Yarid, Betty Y Yang, Catherine R Counts, David L Murphy, Eric Yim, Sandra Kreider, Dawn Barr, Nancy Wilde, Courtney Dorman, Airin Lam, Jeanette Harris, Hollianne Bruce, Christopher Spitters, Rachael Zacks, Jonathan Dyal, Christina M Carlson, Barbara Cooper, Michelle Banks, Heather P McLaughlin, S Arunmozhi Balajee, Christine Olson, Suzanne Zane, Hammad Ali, Jessica Healy, Kristine Schmit, Kevin Spicer, Zeshan Chisty, Sukarma Tanwar, Joanne Taylor, Leisha D Nolen, Jeneita Bell, Kelly Hatfield, Melissa Arons, Anne Kimball, Allison James, Mark Methner, Joshua M Harney

• ¹ From Public Health-Seattle and King County (T.M.M., S.C., S.P., M.K., J.L., A.B., V.K., M.D.L., J.F., C.B.-S., J.S.D.), University of Washington, Seattle (T.D.R., M.R.S., J.S.D.), EvergreenHealth, Kirkland (F.X.R.), Washington State Public Health Laboratory, Shoreline (D.R., B.H.), and Washington State Department of Health, Tumwater (P.M.) - all in Washington; and the Epidemic Intelligence Service (T.M.M., D.W.C., N.G.S., E.J.C., F.T., A.C.B., L.P.O.), COVID-19 Emergency Response (T.M.M., D.W.C., N.G.S., A.K.R., E.J.C., F.T., M.J.H., A.C.B., L.P.O., J.R.J., N.D.S., S.C.R., J.A.J., M.A.H., T.A.C.), and Laboratory Leadership Service (J.R.J.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta.

• PMID: 32220208
• PMCID: PMC7121761
• DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2005412

Item in Clipboard

Background: Long-term care facilities are high-risk settings for severe outcomes from outbreaks of Covid-19, owing to both the advanced age and frequent chronic underlying health conditions of the residents and the movement of health care personnel among facilities in a region.

Methods: After identification on February 28, 2020, of a confirmed case of Covid-19 in a skilled nursing facility in King County, Washington, Public Health-Seattle and King County, aided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, launched a case investigation, contact tracing, quarantine of exposed persons, isolation of confirmed and suspected cases, and on-site enhancement of infection prevention and control.

Results: As of March 18, a total of 167 confirmed cases of Covid-19 affecting 101 residents, 50 health care personnel, and 16 visitors were found to be epidemiologically linked to the facility. Most cases among residents included respiratory illness consistent with Covid-19; however, in 7 residents no symptoms were documented. Hospitalization rates for facility residents, visitors, and staff were 54.5%, 50.0%, and 6.0%, respectively. The case fatality rate for residents was 33.7% (34 of 101). As of March 18, a total of 30 long-term care facilities with at least one confirmed case of Covid-19 had been identified in King County.

Conclusions: In the context of rapidly escalating Covid-19 outbreaks, proactive steps by long-term care facilities to identify and exclude potentially infected staff and visitors, actively monitor for potentially infected patients, and implement appropriate infection prevention and control measures are needed to prevent the introduction of Covid-19.

Copyright © 2020 Massachusetts Medical Society.

PubMed Disclaimer

Shown are cases of Covid-19…

Shown are cases of Covid-19 in Washington that had been epidemiologically linked to Facility A as of March 18, 2020.

The first nine long-term care facilities (e.g., nursing homes or assisted living facilities) in King County with one or more confirmed cases of Covid-19 are shown according to the date of the first confirmed case. Facilities are those identified as of March 9, 2020. The direction of potential introduction of Covid-19 from one facility to another is unknown.

• Critical Infection Control Adaptations to Survive COVID-19 in Retirement Communities.

  Munanga A. Munanga A. J Gerontol Nurs. 2020 Jun 1;46(6):3-5. doi: 10.3928/00989134-20200511-03. J Gerontol Nurs. 2020. PMID: 32453432 No abstract available.

• Uncovering the Devaluation of Nursing Home Staff During COVID-19: Are We Fuelling the Next Health Care Crisis?

  McGilton KS, Escrig-Pinol A, Gordon A, Chu CH, Zúñiga F, Sanchez MG, Boscart V, Meyer J, Corazzini KN, Jacinto AF, Spilsbury K, Backman A, Scales K, Fagertun A, Wu B, Edvardsson D, Lepore MJ, Leung AYM, Siegel EO, Noguchi-Watanabe M, Wang J, Bowers B. McGilton KS, et al. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2020 Jul;21(7):962-965. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.06.010. Epub 2020 Jun 11. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2020. PMID: 32674829 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

• Asymptomatic and Presymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infections in Residents of a Long-Term Care Skilled Nursing Facility - King County, Washington, March 2020.

  Kimball A, Hatfield KM, Arons M, James A, Taylor J, Spicer K, Bardossy AC, Oakley LP, Tanwar S, Chisty Z, Bell JM, Methner M, Harney J, Jacobs JR, Carlson CM, McLaughlin HP, Stone N, Clark S, Brostrom-Smith C, Page LC, Kay M, Lewis J, Russell D, Hiatt B, Gant J, Duchin JS, Clark TA, Honein MA, Reddy SC, Jernigan JA; Public Health – Seattle & King County; CDC COVID-19 Investigation Team. Kimball A, et al. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020 Apr 3;69(13):377-381. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6913e1. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020. PMID: 32240128 Free PMC article.

• COVID-19 in a Long-Term Care Facility - King County, Washington, February 27-March 9, 2020.

  McMichael TM, Clark S, Pogosjans S, Kay M, Lewis J, Baer A, Kawakami V, Lukoff MD, Ferro J, Brostrom-Smith C, Riedo FX, Russell D, Hiatt B, Montgomery P, Rao AK, Currie DW, Chow EJ, Tobolowsky F, Bardossy AC, Oakley LP, Jacobs JR, Schwartz NG, Stone N, Reddy SC, Jernigan JA, Honein MA, Clark TA, Duchin JS; Public Health – Seattle & King County, EvergreenHealth, and CDC COVID-19 Investigation Team. McMichael TM, et al. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020 Mar 27;69(12):339-342. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6912e1. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020. PMID: 32214083 Free PMC article.

• Universal and Serial Laboratory Testing for SARS-CoV-2 at a Long-Term Care Skilled Nursing Facility for Veterans - Los Angeles, California, 2020.

  Dora AV, Winnett A, Jatt LP, Davar K, Watanabe M, Sohn L, Kern HS, Graber CJ, Goetz MB. Dora AV, et al. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020 May 29;69(21):651-655. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6921e1. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020. PMID: 32463809 Free PMC article.

• Surgical Infection Society Guidance for Operative and Peri-Operative Care of Adult Patients Infected by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2).

  Heffernan DS, Evans HL, Huston JM, Claridge JA, Blake DP, May AK, Beilman GS, Barie PS, Kaplan LJ. Heffernan DS, et al. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2020 May;21(4):301-308. doi: 10.1089/sur.2020.101. Epub 2020 Apr 20. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2020. PMID: 32310715 Review.

• Recommendations for protecting against and mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic in long-term care facilities.

  Yen MY, Schwartz J, King CC, Lee CM, Hsueh PR; Society of Taiwan Long-term Care Infection Prevention and Control. Yen MY, et al. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2020 Jun;53(3):447-453. doi: 10.1016/j.jmii.2020.04.003. Epub 2020 Apr 10. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2020. PMID: 32303480 Free PMC article. Review.

• Exome-Wide Association Study Reveals Host Genetic Variants Likely Associated with the Severity of COVID-19 in Patients of European Ancestry.

  Upadhyai P, Shenoy PU, Banjan B, Albeshr MF, Mahboob S, Manzoor I, Das R. Upadhyai P, et al. Life (Basel). 2022 Aug 24;12(9):1300. doi: 10.3390/life12091300. Life (Basel). 2022. PMID: 36143338 Free PMC article.

• A Journey From SARS-CoV-2 to COVID-19 and Beyond: A Comprehensive Insight of Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Pathogenesis, and Overview of the Progress into Its Therapeutic Management.

  Shoaib MH, Ahmed FR, Sikandar M, Yousuf RI, Saleem MT. Shoaib MH, et al. Front Pharmacol. 2021 Feb 26;12:576448. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.576448. eCollection 2021. Front Pharmacol. 2021. PMID: 33732150 Free PMC article. Review.

• Mortality and the Use of Antithrombotic Therapies Among Nursing Home Residents with COVID-19.

  Brouns SH, Brüggemann R, Linkens AEMJH, Magdelijns FJ, Joosten H, Heijnen R, Ten Cate-Hoek AJ, Schols JMGA, Ten Cate H, Spaetgens B. Brouns SH, et al. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2020 Aug;68(8):1647-1652. doi: 10.1111/jgs.16664. Epub 2020 Jul 21. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2020. PMID: 32633418 Free PMC article.

• Mass SARS-CoV-2 Testing in a Dormitory-Style Correctional Facility in Arkansas.

  Tompkins LK, Gunn JKL, Cherney B, Ham JE, Horth R, Rossetti R, Bower WA, Benson K, Hagan LM, Crist MB, Mettee Zarecki SL, Dixon MG, Dillaha JA, Patil N, Dusseau C, Ross T, Matthews HS, Garner K, Starks AM, Weiner Z, Bowen MD, Bankamp B, Newton AE, Logan N, Schuh AJ, Trimble S, Pfeiffer H, James AE, Tian N, Jacobs JR, Ruiz F, McDonald K, Thompson M, Cooley L, Honein MA, Rose DA; CDC COVID-19 Surge Diagnostic Testing Laboratory. Tompkins LK, et al. Am J Public Health. 2021 May;111(5):907-916. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2020.306117. Epub 2021 Mar 18. Am J Public Health. 2021. PMID: 33734845 Free PMC article.

• Symptom Characterization and Outcomes of Sailors in Isolation After a COVID-19 Outbreak on a US Aircraft Carrier.

  Alvarado GR, Pierson BC, Teemer ES, Gama HJ, Cole RD, Jang SS. Alvarado GR, et al. JAMA Netw Open. 2020 Oct 1;3(10):e2020981. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.20981. JAMA Netw Open. 2020. PMID: 33001200 Free PMC article.

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