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Showing content from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29567634/ below:

Standalone Effects of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention Using a Mobile Phone App on Psychological Distress and Alcohol Consumption Among Japanese Workers: Pilot Nonrandomized Controlled Trial

doi: 10.2196/mental.8984. Standalone Effects of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention Using a Mobile Phone App on Psychological Distress and Alcohol Consumption Among Japanese Workers: Pilot Nonrandomized Controlled Trial

Affiliations

¹ Division of Clinical Psychology, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan.
² Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan.
³ Department of Psychology, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, United States.

PMID: 29567634
PMCID: PMC5887038
DOI: 10.2196/mental.8984

Item in Clipboard

Standalone Effects of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention Using a Mobile Phone App on Psychological Distress and Alcohol Consumption Among Japanese Workers: Pilot Nonrandomized Controlled Trial

Toshitaka Hamamura et al. JMIR Ment Health. 2018.

doi: 10.2196/mental.8984. Affiliations

¹ Division of Clinical Psychology, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan.
² Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan.
³ Department of Psychology, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, United States.

PMID: 29567634
PMCID: PMC5887038
DOI: 10.2196/mental.8984

Item in Clipboard

Abstract

Background: Research that investigates standalone effects of a mobile phone-based cognitive behavioral therapy without any human contact for reducing both psychological distress and risky drinking has been advancing; however, the number of studies is still limited. A mobile phone app called Self Record that facilitates cognitive restructuring through self-monitoring of daily thoughts and activities was developed in Japan.

Objective: This study conducted a nonrandomized controlled pilot trial of the Self Record app to investigate standalone effects of the intervention on psychological distress and alcohol consumption among Japanese workers. Additionally, we examined moderating effects of negative mood regulation expectancies, which are beliefs about one's ability to control one's negative mood.

Methods: A quasi-experimental design with a 1-month follow-up was conducted online in Japan from February 2016 to March 2016. A research marketing company recruited participants. The selection criteria were being a Japanese full-time worker (age 20-59 years), experiencing mild to moderate psychological distress, and having some interest in self-record apps. Assignment to group was based on participants' willingness to use the app in the study. All participants completed outcome measures of negative mood regulation expectancies, positive well-being, general distress, depression, anxiety, and typical/most weekly alcohol consumption.

Results: From the recruitment, 15.65% (1083/6921) of participants met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 51.43% (557/1083) enrolled in the study: 54.9% (306/557) in the intervention group and 45.1% (251/557) in the control group. At the 1-month follow-up, 15.3% (85/557) of participants had dropped out. Intention-to-treat analyses revealed that participants in the intervention group reported increased typical drinking (η2=.009) and heavy drinking (η2=.001). Adherence to using the app was low; 64.8% (199/306) of participants in the intervention group discontinued using the app on the first day. Additionally, 65.7% (366/557) of the total sample did not correctly answer the validity checks in the outcome measures (eg, "Please select 'mildly agree' for this item"). Therefore, per-protocol analyses were conducted after removing these participants. Results showed that continuing app users (42/127) in the intervention group reported increases in anxiety (η2=.006), typical drinking (η2=.005), and heavy drinking (η2=.007) compared to those in the control group (85/127). Negative mood regulation expectancies moderated the effects of the intervention for general distress (beta=.39).

Conclusions: Results were contrary to our hypotheses. Self-recording methods of standalone mobile phone interventions may heighten individuals' awareness of their pathological thought and drinking behavior, but may be insufficient to decrease them unless combined with a more intense or face-to-face intervention. Limitations include high attrition in this study; measures to improve the response rate are discussed.

Keywords: Japanese workers; cognitive behavioral therapy; drinking; mobile phone intervention; psychological distress.

©Toshitaka Hamamura, Shinichiro Suganuma, Mami Ueda, Jack Mearns, Haruhiko Shimoyama. Originally published in JMIR Mental Health (http://mental.jmir.org), 22.03.2018.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of Interest: None declared.

Figures
Figure 1

The Consolidated Standards of Reporting…

Figure 1

The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) extension flow diagram.

Figure 1

The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) extension flow diagram.

Figure 2

Change in typical drinking as…

Figure 2

Change in typical drinking as a function of condition and time in the…

Figure 2

Change in typical drinking as a function of condition and time in the intention-to-treat analysis.

Figure 3

Change in heavy drinking as…

Figure 3

Change in heavy drinking as a function of condition and time in the…

Figure 3

Change in heavy drinking as a function of condition and time in the intention-to-treat analysis.