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Showing content from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28958077/ below:

The Role of Occupation in Explaining Cognitive Functioning in Later Life: Education and Occupational Complexity in a U.S. National Sample of Black and White Men and Women

. 2019 Sep 15;74(7):1189-1199. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbx112. The Role of Occupation in Explaining Cognitive Functioning in Later Life: Education and Occupational Complexity in a U.S. National Sample of Black and White Men and Women

Affiliations

¹ Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio.
² Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham.
³ Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
⁴ Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham.
⁵ Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham.

PMID: 28958077
PMCID: PMC6748817
DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbx112

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The Role of Occupation in Explaining Cognitive Functioning in Later Life: Education and Occupational Complexity in a U.S. National Sample of Black and White Men and Women

Kaori Fujishiro et al. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2019.

. 2019 Sep 15;74(7):1189-1199. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbx112. Affiliations

¹ Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio.
² Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham.
³ Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
⁴ Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham.
⁵ Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham.

PMID: 28958077
PMCID: PMC6748817
DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbx112

Item in Clipboard

Abstract

Objective: Positive associations between education and late-life cognition have been widely reported. This study examines whether occupational complexity mediates the relationship between education and late-life cognition, and whether the magnitude of mediation differs by race, gender, or education level.

Methods: Data were from a population-based cohort of non-Hispanic Blacks and Whites aged ≥45 years (n = 7,357). Education was categorized as less than high school, high school, some college, and college or higher. Using linear regression, we estimated the direct effect of each successive increase in education on cognitive functioning and indirect effects via substantive complexity of work.

Results: Occupational complexity significantly mediated 11%-22% of the cognitive gain associated with higher levels of education. The pattern of mediation varied between White men and all other race-gender groups: among White men, the higher the education, the greater the mediation effect by occupational complexity. Among Black men and women of both races, the higher the education, the smaller the mediation effect.

Discussion: Higher levels of education may provide opportunity for intellectually engaging environments throughout adulthood in the form of complex work, which may protect late-life cognition. However, this protective effect of occupational complexity may not occur equally across race-gender subgroups.

Keywords: Cognition; Mediation analysis; Occupational history; REGARDS; Racial differences.

Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America 2017.

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Figures
Figure 1.

The conceptual framework for the…

Figure 1.

The conceptual framework for the study. CVD = Cardiovascular disease.

Figure 1.

The conceptual framework for the study. CVD = Cardiovascular disease.

Figure 2.

The mean substantive complexity score…

Figure 2.

The mean substantive complexity score by education, race, and gender.

Figure 2.

The mean substantive complexity score by education, race, and gender.

Figure 3.

The mean difference in cognitive…

Figure 3.

The mean difference in cognitive functioning scores associated with education difference by race…

Figure 3.

The mean difference in cognitive functioning scores associated with education difference by race and gender. HS = High school.