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Showing content from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25905856/ below:

Disparity in naloxone administration by emergency medical service providers and the burden of drug overdose in US rural communities

Affiliations

• ¹ Mark Faul, David E. Sugerman, Benjamin Levy, and Len J. Paulozzi are with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Michael W. Dailey is with the Department of Emergency Medicine, Albany Medical Center, NY. Scott M. Sasser is with the Department of Emergency Medicine, Greenville Health System, SC.

• PMID: 25905856
• PMCID: PMC4455515
• DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302520

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Mark Faul et al. Am J Public Health. 2015 Jul.

• ¹ Mark Faul, David E. Sugerman, Benjamin Levy, and Len J. Paulozzi are with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Michael W. Dailey is with the Department of Emergency Medicine, Albany Medical Center, NY. Scott M. Sasser is with the Department of Emergency Medicine, Greenville Health System, SC.

• PMID: 25905856
• PMCID: PMC4455515
• DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302520

Item in Clipboard

Objectives: We determined the factors that affect naloxone (Narcan) administration in drug overdoses, including the certification level of emergency medical technicians (EMTs).

Methods: In 2012, 42 states contributed all or a portion of their ambulatory data to the National Emergency Medical Services Information System. We used a logistic regression model to measure the association between naloxone administration and emergency medical services certification level, age, gender, geographic location, and patient primary symptom.

Results: The odds of naloxone administration were much higher among EMT-intermediates than among EMT-basics (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 5.4; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.5, 6.5). Naloxone use was higher in suburban areas than in urban areas (AOR = 1.41; 95% CI = 1.3, 1.5), followed by rural areas (AOR = 1.23; 95% CI = 1.1, 1.3). Although the odds of naloxone administration were 23% higher in rural areas than in urban areas, the opioid drug overdose rate is 45% higher in rural communities.

Conclusions: Naloxone is less often administered by EMT-basics, who are more common in rural areas. In most states, the scope-of-practice model prohibits naloxone administration by basic EMTs. Reducing this barrier could help prevent drug overdose death.

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Overdose rates and odds of…

Overdose rates and odds of naloxone administration by EMS providers by level of…

Overdose rates and odds of naloxone administration by EMS providers by level of urbanicity: National Emergency Medicine Service Information System, United States, 2012. Note. EMS = emergency medical services.

• Naloxone access for Emergency Medical Technicians: An evaluation of a training program in rural communities.

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