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Showing content from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25791026/ below:

Educational attainment and longevity: results from the REGARDS U.S. national cohort study of blacks and whites

Comparative Study

Affiliations

• ¹ Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Electronic address: rmkaplan@ucla.edu.
• ² Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.
• ³ Department of Medicine, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.
• ⁴ Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.

• PMID: 25791026
• PMCID: PMC4631606
• DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2015.01.017

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Comparative Study

Robert M Kaplan et al. Ann Epidemiol. 2015 May.

• ¹ Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Electronic address: rmkaplan@ucla.edu.
• ² Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.
• ³ Department of Medicine, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.
• ⁴ Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.

• PMID: 25791026
• PMCID: PMC4631606
• DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2015.01.017

Item in Clipboard

Background: Educational attainment may be an important determinant of life expectancy. However, few studies have prospectively evaluated the relationship between educational attainment and life expectancy using adjustments for other social, behavioral, and biological factors.

Method: The data were from the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke study that enrolled 30,239 black and white adults (≥45 years) between 2003 and 2007. Demographic and cardiovascular risk information was collected and participants were followed for health outcomes. Educational attainment was categorized as less than high school education, high school graduate, some college, or college graduate. Proportional hazards analysis was used to characterize survival by level of education.

Results: Educational attainment and follow-up data were available on 29,657 (98%) of the participants. Over 6.3 years of follow-up, 3673 participants died. There was a monotonically increasing risk of death with lower levels of educational attainment. The same monotonic relationship held with adjustments for age, race, sex, cardiovascular risk factors, and health behaviors. The unadjusted hazard ratio for those without a high school education in comparison with college graduates was 2.89 (95% CI = 2.64-3.18). Although adjustment for income, health behaviors, and cardiovascular risk factors attenuated the relationship, the same consistent pattern was observed after adjustment. The relationship between educational attainment and longevity was similar for black and white participants. The monotonic relationship between educational attainment and longevity was observed for all age groups, except for those aged 85 years or more.

Conclusions: Educational attainment is a significant predictor of longevity. Other factors including age, race, income, health behaviors, and cardiovascular risk factors only partially explain the relationship.

Keywords: All-cause mortality; Educational attainment; Life expectancy; Prospective cohort.

Published by Elsevier Inc.

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Hazard ratio for all-cause mortality…

Hazard ratio for all-cause mortality as a function of educational attainment. The reference…

Hazard ratio for all-cause mortality as a function of educational attainment. The reference case (1.0) was college graduation or greater. The successive column clusters represent: 1) crude ratios, 2) hazards adjusted for demographic factors, 3) hazards adjusted for demographic factors plus income, 4) hazards adjusted for demographic factors, income and biological risk factors, and 5) hazards adjusted for demographic, income, biological risks, and behavioral risk factors. Although successive adjustments attenuate the hazard ratios, the relationship between educational attainment and longevity remains graded and statistically significant.

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