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Showing content from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24328060/ below:

Flavonoids as therapeutic compounds targeting key proteins involved in Alzheimer's disease

Review

. 2014 Feb 19;5(2):83-92. doi: 10.1021/cn400213r. Epub 2014 Jan 3. Flavonoids as therapeutic compounds targeting key proteins involved in Alzheimer's disease

Affiliations

Affiliation

¹ Laboratory of Neurosciences, Centre for Cell Biology, Health Sciences Department and Biology Department, University of Aveiro , 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.

PMID: 24328060
PMCID: PMC3930994
DOI: 10.1021/cn400213r

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Review

Flavonoids as therapeutic compounds targeting key proteins involved in Alzheimer's disease

Filipa I Baptista et al. ACS Chem Neurosci. 2014.

. 2014 Feb 19;5(2):83-92. doi: 10.1021/cn400213r. Epub 2014 Jan 3. Affiliation

¹ Laboratory of Neurosciences, Centre for Cell Biology, Health Sciences Department and Biology Department, University of Aveiro , 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.

PMID: 24328060
PMCID: PMC3930994
DOI: 10.1021/cn400213r

Item in Clipboard

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease is characterized by pathological aggregation of protein tau and amyloid-β peptides, both of which are considered to be toxic to neurons. Naturally occurring dietary flavonoids have received considerable attention as alternative candidates for Alzheimer's therapy taking into account their antiamyloidogenic, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory properties. Experimental evidence supports the hypothesis that certain flavonoids may protect against Alzheimer's disease in part by interfering with the generation and assembly of amyloid-β peptides into neurotoxic oligomeric aggregates and also by reducing tau aggregation. Several mechanisms have been proposed for the ability of flavonoids to prevent the onset or to slow the progression of the disease. Some mechanisms include their interaction with important signaling pathways in the brain like the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways that regulate prosurvival transcription factors and gene expression. Other processes include the disruption of amyloid-β aggregation and alterations in amyloid precursor protein processing through the inhibition of β-secretase and/or activation of α-secretase, and inhibiting cyclin-dependent kinase-5 and glycogen synthase kinase-3β activation, preventing abnormal tau phosphorylation. The interaction of flavonoids with different signaling pathways put forward their therapeutic potential to prevent the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease and to promote cognitive performance. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to give additional insight into the specific mechanisms by which flavonoids exert their potential neuroprotective actions in the brain of Alzheimer's disease patients.

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Figures
Figure 1

β-Amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles…

Figure 1

β-Amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are hallmark deposits of Alzheimer’s disease. The major…

Figure 1

β-Amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are hallmark deposits of Alzheimer’s disease. The major protein component of the plaques is Aβ that results from APP by proteolytic cleavage. β-Secretase (BACE-1) generates the amino terminus of Aβ, and γ-secretase defines its length. Aβ forms toxic oligomeric aggregates that then deposit as plaques. In AD, tau is hyperphosphorylated and dissociates from MTs, causing them to depolymerize. Tau is then deposited in aggregates such as NFTs.

Figure 2

Major classes of natural flavonoids…

Figure 2

Major classes of natural flavonoids and their dietary sources.

Figure 2

Major classes of natural flavonoids and their dietary sources.

Figure 3

APP processing and flavonoid activity.…

Figure 3

APP processing and flavonoid activity. Flavonoids can reduce Aβ production either by enhancing…

Figure 3

APP processing and flavonoid activity. Flavonoids can reduce Aβ production either by enhancing α-secretase (ADAM10) activity or by inhibiting β-secretase (BACE-1). Additionally, flavonoids may lead to the production of off-target Aβ oligomers, thereby disrupting fibrillization.

Figure 4

Flavonoids beneficial effects are exerted…

Figure 4

Flavonoids beneficial effects are exerted by inhibiting the activity GSK-3β and CDK5/p25, therefore…

Figure 4

Flavonoids beneficial effects are exerted by inhibiting the activity GSK-3β and CDK5/p25, therefore preventing the activation of signaling cascades that contribute to neurodegeneration in AD.