Affiliations
AffiliationItem in Clipboard
Overdiagnosis of invasive breast cancer due to mammography screening: results from the Norwegian screening programMette Kalager et al. Ann Intern Med. 2012.
. 2012 Apr 3;156(7):491-9. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-156-7-201204030-00005. AffiliationItem in Clipboard
AbstractBackground: Precise quantification of overdiagnosis of breast cancer (defined as the percentage of cases of cancer that would not have become clinically apparent in a woman's lifetime without screening) due to mammography screening has been hampered by lack of valid comparison groups that identify incidence trends attributable to screening versus those due to temporal trends in incidence.
Objective: To estimate the percentage of overdiagnosis of breast cancer attributable to mammography screening.
Design: Comparison of invasive breast cancer incidence with and without screening.
Setting: A nationwide mammography screening program in Norway (inviting women aged 50 to 69 years), gradually implemented from 1996 to 2005.
Participants: The Norwegian female population.
Measurements: Concomitant incidence of invasive breast cancer from 1996 to 2005 in counties where the screening program was implemented compared with that in counties where the program was not yet implemented. To adjust for changes in temporal trends in breast cancer incidence, incidence rates during the preceding decade were also examined. The percentage of overdiagnosis was calculated by accounting for the expected decrease in incidence following cessation of screening after age 69 years (approach 1) and by comparing incidence in the current screening group with incidence among women 2 and 5 years older in the historical screening groups, accounting for average lead time (approach 2).
Results: A total of 39,888 patients with invasive breast cancer were included, 7793 of whom were diagnosed after the screening program started. The estimated rate of overdiagnosis attributable to the program was 18% to 25% (P < 0.001) for approach 1 and 15% to 20% (P < 0.001) for approach 2. Thus, 15% to 25% of cases of cancer are overdiagnosed, translating to 6 to 10 women overdiagnosed for every 2500 women invited.
Limitation: The study was registry-based.
Conclusion: Mammography screening entails a substantial amount of overdiagnosis.
Primary funding source: Norwegian Research Council and Frontier Science.
Comment inElmore JG, Fletcher SW. Elmore JG, et al. Ann Intern Med. 2012 Apr 3;156(7):536-7. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-156-7-201204030-00012. Ann Intern Med. 2012. PMID: 22473439 Free PMC article. No abstract available.
Falk RS, Hofvind S, Skaane P. Falk RS, et al. Ann Intern Med. 2012 Aug 7;157(3):219; author reply 221-2. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-157-3-201208070-00021. Ann Intern Med. 2012. PMID: 22868848 No abstract available.
Jørgensen KJ. Jørgensen KJ. Ann Intern Med. 2012 Aug 7;157(3):219-20; author reply 221-2. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-157-3-201208070-00022. Ann Intern Med. 2012. PMID: 22868849 No abstract available.
Haldorsen T, Tretli S, Ursin G. Haldorsen T, et al. Ann Intern Med. 2012 Aug 7;157(3):220; author reply 221-2. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-157-3-201208070-00023. Ann Intern Med. 2012. PMID: 22868850 No abstract available.
Zahl PH. Zahl PH. Ann Intern Med. 2012 Aug 7;157(3):220-1; author reply 221-2. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-157-3-201208070-00024. Ann Intern Med. 2012. PMID: 22868851 No abstract available.
Jørgensen KJ. Jørgensen KJ. Evid Based Med. 2013 Apr;18(2):e17. doi: 10.1136/eb-2012-100806. Epub 2012 Aug 25. Evid Based Med. 2013. PMID: 22923706 No abstract available.
Endres J, Graber MA, Dachs R. Endres J, et al. Am Fam Physician. 2013 Mar 15;87(6):408-9. Am Fam Physician. 2013. PMID: 23547573 No abstract available.
[No authors listed] [No authors listed] Ann Intern Med. 2012 Apr 3;156(7):I58. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-156-7-201204030-00001. Ann Intern Med. 2012. PMID: 22473444 No abstract available.
Morrell S, Barratt A, Irwig L, Howard K, Biesheuvel C, Armstrong B. Morrell S, et al. Cancer Causes Control. 2010 Feb;21(2):275-82. doi: 10.1007/s10552-009-9459-z. Epub 2009 Nov 6. Cancer Causes Control. 2010. PMID: 19894130
[No authors listed] [No authors listed] Ann Intern Med. 2012 Apr 3;156(7):I58. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-156-7-201204030-00001. Ann Intern Med. 2012. PMID: 22473444 No abstract available.
van Luijt PA, Heijnsdijk EA, van Ravesteyn NT, Hofvind S, de Koning HJ. van Luijt PA, et al. J Med Screen. 2017 Jun;24(2):83-91. doi: 10.1177/0969141316668379. Epub 2016 Oct 17. J Med Screen. 2017. PMID: 27754936
Jørgensen KJ, Gøtzsche PC. Jørgensen KJ, et al. BMJ. 2009 Jul 9;339:b2587. doi: 10.1136/bmj.b2587. BMJ. 2009. PMID: 19589821 Free PMC article. Review.
[No authors listed] [No authors listed] Prescrire Int. 2015 Jul;24(162):186-9, 191. Prescrire Int. 2015. PMID: 26240891 Review.
van Ravesteyn NT, Stout NK, Schechter CB, Heijnsdijk EA, Alagoz O, Trentham-Dietz A, Mandelblatt JS, de Koning HJ. van Ravesteyn NT, et al. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2015 May 6;107(7):djv103. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djv103. Print 2015 Jul. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2015. PMID: 25948872 Free PMC article.
Autier P. Autier P. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2013 Sep;10(9). doi: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2012.126-c3. Epub 2013 Jul 23. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2013. PMID: 23881036 No abstract available.
Taleb NN, West J. Taleb NN, et al. Entropy (Basel). 2023 Feb 13;25(2):343. doi: 10.3390/e25020343. Entropy (Basel). 2023. PMID: 36832709 Free PMC article.
Edwards BK, Noone AM, Mariotto AB, Simard EP, Boscoe FP, Henley SJ, Jemal A, Cho H, Anderson RN, Kohler BA, Eheman CR, Ward EM. Edwards BK, et al. Cancer. 2014 May 1;120(9):1290-314. doi: 10.1002/cncr.28509. Epub 2013 Dec 16. Cancer. 2014. PMID: 24343171 Free PMC article.
Golemis EA, Scheet P, Beck TN, Scolnick EM, Hunter DJ, Hawk E, Hopkins N. Golemis EA, et al. Genes Dev. 2018 Jul 1;32(13-14):868-902. doi: 10.1101/gad.314849.118. Epub 2018 Jun 26. Genes Dev. 2018. PMID: 29945886 Free PMC article. Review.
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