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Showing content from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20160966 below:

Immigration and the American industrial revolution from 1880 to 1920

. 2009 Dec;38(4):897-920. doi: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2009.04.001. Immigration and the American industrial revolution from 1880 to 1920

Affiliations

Affiliation

¹ Department of Sociology and Center for Studies in Demography and Ecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-3340, USA charles@u.washington.edu

PMID: 20160966
PMCID: PMC2760060
DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2009.04.001

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Immigration and the American industrial revolution from 1880 to 1920

Charles Hirschman et al. Soc Sci Res. 2009 Dec.

. 2009 Dec;38(4):897-920. doi: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2009.04.001. Affiliation

¹ Department of Sociology and Center for Studies in Demography and Ecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-3340, USA charles@u.washington.edu

PMID: 20160966
PMCID: PMC2760060
DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2009.04.001

Item in Clipboard

Abstract

In this study, we measure the contribution of immigrants and their descendents to the growth and industrial transformation of the American workforce in the age of mass immigration from 1880 to 1920. The size and selectivity of the immigrant community, as well as their disproportionate residence in large cities, meant they were the mainstay of the American industrial workforce. Immigrants and their children comprised over half of manufacturing workers in 1920, and if the third generation (the grandchildren of immigrants) are included, then more than two-thirds of workers in the manufacturing sector were of recent immigrant stock. Although higher wages and better working conditions might have encouraged more long-resident native-born workers to the industrial economy, the scale and pace of the American industrial revolution might well have slowed. The closing of the door to mass immigration in the 1920s did lead to increased recruitment of native born workers, particularly from the South, to northern industrial cities in the middle decades of the 20th century.

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Figures
Figure 1

Industrial Structure of Workforce: 1880…

Figure 1

Industrial Structure of Workforce: 1880 & 1920

Figure 1

Industrial Structure of Workforce: 1880 & 1920

Figure 2

The Demographic Components of the…

Figure 2

The Demographic Components of the 1920 Gainful Workforce

Figure 2

The Demographic Components of the 1920 Gainful Workforce

Figure 3

Estimating the Sources of Change…

Figure 3

Estimating the Sources of Change in the Industrial Structure of the Gainful Workforce…

Figure 3

Estimating the Sources of Change in the Industrial Structure of the Gainful Workforce From 1880 to1920

Figure 4

Components of the 1920 Industrial…

Figure 4

Components of the 1920 Industrial Workforce

Figure 4

Components of the 1920 Industrial Workforce