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Showing content from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19434667/ below:

Rural reversal? Rural-urban disparities in late-stage cancer risk in Illinois

. 2009 Jun 15;115(12):2755-64. doi: 10.1002/cncr.24306. Rural reversal? Rural-urban disparities in late-stage cancer risk in Illinois

Affiliations

Affiliation

¹ Department of Geography, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA. smclaff@illinois.edu

PMID: 19434667
PMCID: PMC2774239
DOI: 10.1002/cncr.24306

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Rural reversal? Rural-urban disparities in late-stage cancer risk in Illinois

Sara McLafferty et al. Cancer. 2009.

. 2009 Jun 15;115(12):2755-64. doi: 10.1002/cncr.24306. Affiliation

¹ Department of Geography, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA. smclaff@illinois.edu

PMID: 19434667
PMCID: PMC2774239
DOI: 10.1002/cncr.24306

Item in Clipboard

Abstract

Background: Differences in late-stage cancer risk between urban and rural residents are a key component of cancer disparities. Using data from the Illinois State Cancer Registry from 1998 through 2002, the authors investigated the rural-urban gradient in late-stage cancer risk for 4 major types of cancer: breast, colorectal, lung, and prostate.

Methods: Multilevel modeling was used to evaluate the role of population composition and area-based contextual factors in accounting for rural-urban variation. Instead of a simple binary rural-urban classification, a finer grained classification was used that differentiated the densely populated City of Chicago from its suburbs and from smaller metropolitan areas, large towns, and rural settings.

Results: For all 4 cancers, the risk was highest in the most highly urbanized area and decreased as rurality increases, following a J-shaped progression that included a small upturn in risk in the most isolated rural areas. For some cancers, these geographic disparities were associated with differences in population age and race; for others, the disparities remained after controlling for differences in population composition, zip code socioeconomic characteristics, and spatial access to healthcare.

Conclusions: The observed pattern of urban disadvantage emphasized the need for more extensive urban-based cancer screening and education programs.

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Figures
Figure 1

Rural-urban classifications for Illinois ZIP…

Figure 1

Rural-urban classifications for Illinois ZIP code areas

Figure 1

Rural-urban classifications for Illinois ZIP code areas

Figure 2

Rural-urban variation in risk of…

Figure 2

Rural-urban variation in risk of late-stage diagnosis by cancer type: Odds ratios indicate…

Figure 2

Rural-urban variation in risk of late-stage diagnosis by cancer type: Odds ratios indicate likelihood of late-stage diagnosis for cancer patients residing in geographic zone compared those living in city of Chicago.