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Multiple axes in Python

How to make a graph with multiple axes (dual y-axis plots, plots with secondary axes) in python.

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In [1]:

import plotly.graph_objects as go
from plotly.subplots import make_subplots

# Create figure with secondary y-axis
fig = make_subplots(specs=[[{"secondary_y": True}]])

# Add traces
fig.add_trace(
    go.Scatter(x=[1, 2, 3], y=[40, 50, 60], name="yaxis data"),
    secondary_y=False,
)

fig.add_trace(
    go.Scatter(x=[2, 3, 4], y=[4, 5, 6], name="yaxis2 data"),
    secondary_y=True,
)

# Add figure title
fig.update_layout(
    title_text="Double Y Axis Example"
)

# Set x-axis title
fig.update_xaxes(title_text="xaxis title")

# Set y-axes titles
fig.update_yaxes(title_text="<b>primary</b> yaxis title", secondary_y=False)
fig.update_yaxes(title_text="<b>secondary</b> yaxis title", secondary_y=True)

fig.show()

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In [3]:

import plotly.graph_objects as go
from plotly.subplots import make_subplots

fig = make_subplots(rows=2, cols=2,
                    specs=[[{"secondary_y": True}, {"secondary_y": True}],
                           [{"secondary_y": True}, {"secondary_y": True}]])

# Top left
fig.add_trace(
    go.Scatter(x=[1, 2, 3], y=[2, 52, 62], name="yaxis data"),
    row=1, col=1, secondary_y=False)

fig.add_trace(
    go.Scatter(x=[1, 2, 3], y=[40, 50, 60], name="yaxis2 data"),
    row=1, col=1, secondary_y=True,
)

# Top right
fig.add_trace(
    go.Scatter(x=[1, 2, 3], y=[2, 52, 62], name="yaxis3 data"),
    row=1, col=2, secondary_y=False,
)

fig.add_trace(
    go.Scatter(x=[1, 2, 3], y=[40, 50, 60], name="yaxis4 data"),
    row=1, col=2, secondary_y=True,
)

# Bottom left
fig.add_trace(
    go.Scatter(x=[1, 2, 3], y=[2, 52, 62], name="yaxis5 data"),
    row=2, col=1, secondary_y=False,
)

fig.add_trace(
    go.Scatter(x=[1, 2, 3], y=[40, 50, 60], name="yaxis6 data"),
    row=2, col=1, secondary_y=True,
)

# Bottom right
fig.add_trace(
    go.Scatter(x=[1, 2, 3], y=[2, 52, 62], name="yaxis7 data"),
    row=2, col=2, secondary_y=False,
)

fig.add_trace(
    go.Scatter(x=[1, 2, 3], y=[40, 50, 60], name="yaxis8 data"),
    row=2, col=2, secondary_y=True,
)

fig.show()

Low-level API for creating a figure with multiple axes

In [4]:

import plotly.graph_objects as go

fig = go.Figure()

fig.add_trace(go.Scatter(
    x=[1, 2, 3],
    y=[4, 5, 6],
    name="yaxis1 data"
))


fig.add_trace(go.Scatter(
    x=[2, 3, 4],
    y=[40, 50, 60],
    name="yaxis2 data",
    yaxis="y2"
))

fig.add_trace(go.Scatter(
    x=[4, 5, 6],
    y=[40000, 50000, 60000],
    name="yaxis3 data",
    yaxis="y3"
))

fig.add_trace(go.Scatter(
    x=[5, 6, 7],
    y=[400000, 500000, 600000],
    name="yaxis4 data",
    yaxis="y4"
))


# Create axis objects
fig.update_layout(
    xaxis=dict(
        domain=[0.3, 0.7]
    ),
    yaxis=dict(
        title=dict(
            text="yaxis title",
            font=dict(
                color="#1f77b4"
            )
        ),
    ),
    yaxis2=dict(
        title=dict(
            text="yaxis2 title",
            font=dict(
                color="#ff7f0e"
            )
        ),
        anchor="free",
        overlaying="y",
        side="left",
        position=0.15
    ),
    yaxis3=dict(
        title=dict(
            text="yaxis3 title",
            font=dict(
                color="#d62728"
            )
        ),
        anchor="x",
        overlaying="y",
        side="right"
    ),
    yaxis4=dict(
        title=dict(
            text="yaxis4 title",
            font=dict(
                color="#9467bd"
            )
        ),
        anchor="free",
        overlaying="y",
        side="right",
        position=0.85
    )
)

# Update layout properties
fig.update_layout(
    title_text="multiple y-axes example",
    width=800,
)

fig.show()

New in 5.12

To automatically reposition axes to avoid overlap with other axes with the same overlaying value, set autoshift=True. For autoshift to work on an axis, you'll also need to set anchor="free" on that axis.

In [5]:

import plotly.graph_objects as go

fig = go.Figure()

fig.add_trace(go.Scatter(x=[1, 2, 3], y=[4, 5, 6], name="yaxis data"))

fig.add_trace(go.Scatter(x=[2, 3, 4], y=[40, 50, 60], name="yaxis2 data", yaxis="y2"))

fig.add_trace(
    go.Scatter(x=[4, 5, 6], y=[1000, 2000, 3000], name="yaxis3 data", yaxis="y3")
)

fig.add_trace(
    go.Scatter(x=[3, 4, 5], y=[400, 500, 600], name="yaxis4 data", yaxis="y4")
)


fig.update_layout(
    xaxis=dict(
        domain=[0.25, 0.75]
    ),
    yaxis=dict(
        title=dict(
            text="yaxis title"
        )
    ),
    yaxis2=dict(
        title=dict(
            text="yaxis2 title"
        ),
        overlaying="y",
        side="right"
    ),
    yaxis3=dict(
        title=dict(
            text="yaxis3 title"
        ),
        anchor="free",
        overlaying="y",
        autoshift=True
    ),
    yaxis4=dict(
        title=dict(
            text="yaxis4 title"
        ),
        anchor="free",
        overlaying="y",
        autoshift=True
    ),
)

fig.update_layout(
    title_text="Shifting y-axes with autoshift",
)

fig.show()

New in 5.12

Set a shift value on an axis to shift an axis by that number of pixels. A positive value shifts an axis to the right. A negative value shifts it to the left. Here, we shift yaxis4 100 pixels further to the left.

In [6]:

import plotly.graph_objects as go

fig = go.Figure()

fig.add_trace(go.Scatter(x=[1, 2, 3], y=[4, 5, 6], name="yaxis data"))

fig.add_trace(go.Scatter(x=[2, 3, 4], y=[40, 50, 60], name="yaxis2 data", yaxis="y2"))

fig.add_trace(
    go.Scatter(x=[4, 5, 6], y=[1000, 2000, 3000], name="yaxis3 data", yaxis="y3")
)

fig.add_trace(
    go.Scatter(x=[3, 4, 5], y=[400, 500, 600], name="yaxis4 data", yaxis="y4")
)


fig.update_layout(
    xaxis=dict(
        domain=[0.25, 0.75]
    ),
    yaxis=dict(
        title=dict(
            text="yaxis title"
        )
    ),
    yaxis2=dict(
        title=dict(
            text="yaxis2 title"
        ),
        overlaying="y",
        side="right"
    ),
    yaxis3=dict(
        title=dict(
            text="yaxis3 title"
        ),
        anchor="free",
        overlaying="y",
        autoshift=True
    ),
    yaxis4=dict(
        title=dict(
            text="yaxis4 title"
        ),
        anchor="free",
        overlaying="y",
        autoshift=True,
        shift=-100
    ),
)

fig.update_layout(
    title_text="Shifting y-axes by a specific number of pixels",
)

fig.show()

New in 5.13

With overlayed axes, each axis by default has its own number of ticks. You can sync the number of ticks on a cartesian axis with another one it overlays by setting tickmode="sync". In this example, we sync the ticks on the "Total bill amount" axis with the "Total number of diners" axis that it overlays.

In [7]:

import plotly.graph_objects as go
from plotly.data import tips

df = tips()

summed_values = df.groupby(by="day", as_index=False).sum(numeric_only=True)
day_order_mapping = {"Thur": 0, "Fri": 1, "Sat": 2, "Sun": 3}
summed_values["order"] = summed_values["day"].apply(lambda day: day_order_mapping[day])
summed_values = summed_values.sort_values(by="order")

days_of_week = summed_values["day"].values
total_bills = summed_values["total_bill"].values
number_of_diners = summed_values["size"].values


fig = go.Figure(
    data=go.Bar(
        x=days_of_week,
        y=number_of_diners,
        name="Total number of diners",
        marker=dict(color="paleturquoise"),
    )
)

fig.add_trace(
    go.Scatter(
        x=days_of_week,
        y=total_bills,
        yaxis="y2",
        name="Total bill amount",
        marker=dict(color="crimson"),
    )
)

fig.update_layout(
    legend=dict(orientation="h"),
    yaxis=dict(
        title=dict(text="Total number of diners"),
        side="left",
        range=[0, 250],
    ),
    yaxis2=dict(
        title=dict(text="Total bill amount"),
        side="right",
        range=[0, 2000],
        overlaying="y",
        tickmode="sync",
    ),
)

fig.show()

Dash is an open-source framework for building analytical applications, with no Javascript required, and it is tightly integrated with the Plotly graphing library.

Learn about how to install Dash at https://dash.plot.ly/installation.

Everywhere in this page that you see fig.show(), you can display the same figure in a Dash application by passing it to the figure argument of the Graph component from the built-in dash_core_components package like this:

import plotly.graph_objects as go # or plotly.express as px
fig = go.Figure() # or any Plotly Express function e.g. px.bar(...)
# fig.add_trace( ... )
# fig.update_layout( ... )

from dash import Dash, dcc, html

app = Dash()
app.layout = html.Div([
    dcc.Graph(figure=fig)
])

app.run(debug=True, use_reloader=False)  # Turn off reloader if inside Jupyter

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