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perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely internal Perl functions

CONTENTS #NAME

perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely internal Perl functions

#DESCRIPTION

This file is the autogenerated documentation of functions in the Perl interpreter that are documented using Perl's internal documentation format but are not marked as part of the Perl API. In other words, they are not for use in extensions!

It has the same sections as perlapi, though some may be empty.

#AV Handling
#av_fetch_simple

This is a cut-down version of av_fetch that assumes that the array is very straightforward - no magic, not readonly, and AvREAL - and that key is not negative. This function MUST NOT be used in situations where any of those assumptions may not hold.

Returns the SV at the specified index in the array. The key is the index. If lval is true, you are guaranteed to get a real SV back (in case it wasn't real before), which you can then modify. Check that the return value is non-null before dereferencing it to a SV*.

The rough perl equivalent is $myarray[$key].

#av_new_alloc

This implements "newAV_alloc_x" in perlapi and "newAV_alloc_xz" in perlapi, which are the public API for this functionality.

Creates a new AV and allocates its SV* array.

This is similar to, but more efficient than doing:

AV *av = newAV();
av_extend(av, key);

The size parameter is used to pre-allocate a SV* array large enough to hold at least elements 0..(size-1). size must be at least 1.

The zeroflag parameter controls whether or not the array is NULL initialized.

#av_store_simple

This is a cut-down version of av_store that assumes that the array is very straightforward - no magic, not readonly, and AvREAL - and that key is not negative. This function MUST NOT be used in situations where any of those assumptions may not hold.

Stores an SV in an array. The array index is specified as key. It can be dereferenced to get the SV* that was stored there (= val)).

Note that the caller is responsible for suitably incrementing the reference count of val before the call.

Approximate Perl equivalent: splice(@myarray, $key, 1, $val).

#AvFILLp

If the array av is empty, this returns -1; otherwise it returns the maximum value of the indices of all the array elements which are currently defined in av. It does not handle magic, hence the p private indication in its name.

#Callback Functions
#dowantarray

DEPRECATED! It is planned to remove dowantarray from a future release of Perl. Do not use it for new code; remove it from existing code.

Implements the deprecated "GIMME" in perlapi.

#leave_scope

Implements LEAVE_SCOPE which you should use instead.

#magic_freedestruct

This function is called via magic to implement the mortal_destructor_sv() and mortal_destructor_x() functions. It should not be called directly and has no user serviceable parts.

#mortal_svfunc_x

This function arranges for a C function reference to be called at the end of the current statement with the arguments provided. It is a wrapper around mortal_destructor_sv() which ensures that the latter function is called appropriately.

Be aware that there is a significant difference in timing between the end of the current statement and the end of the current pseudo block. If you are looking for a mechanism to trigger a function at the end of the current pseudo block you should look at "SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X" in perlapi instead of this function.

#pop_scope

Implements "LEAVE" in perlapi

#push_scope

Implements "ENTER" in perlapi

#save_adelete

Implements SAVEADELETE.

#save_freercpv

Implements SAVEFREERCPV.

Saves and frees a refcounted string. Calls rcpv_free() on the argument when the current pseudo block is finished.

#save_generic_pvref

Implements SAVEGENERICPV.

Like save_pptr(), but also Safefree()s the new value if it is different from the old one. Can be used to restore a global char* to its prior contents, freeing new value.

#save_generic_svref

Implements SAVEGENERICSV.

Like save_sptr(), but also SvREFCNT_dec()s the new value. Can be used to restore a global SV to its prior contents, freeing new value.

#save_hdelete

Implements SAVEHDELETE.

#save_hints

Implements SAVEHINTS.

#save_op

Implements SAVEOP.

#save_padsv_and_mortalize

Implements SAVEPADSVANDMORTALIZE.

#save_pushptr

The refcnt of object ptr will be decremented at the end of the current pseudo-block. type gives the type of ptr, expressed as one of the constants in scope.h whose name begins with SAVEt_.

This is the underlying implementation of several macros, like SAVEFREESV.

#save_rcpv

Implements SAVERCPV.

Saves and restores a refcounted string, similar to what save_generic_svref would do for a SV*. Can be used to restore a refcounted string to its previous state. Performs the appropriate refcount counting so that nothing should leak or be prematurely freed.

#save_scalar_at

A helper function for localizing the SV referenced by *sptr.

If SAVEf_KEEPOLDELEM is set in in flags, the function returns the input scalar untouched.

Otherwise it replaces *sptr with a new undef scalar, and returns that. The new scalar will have the old one's magic (if any) copied to it. If there is such magic, and SAVEf_SETMAGIC is set in in flags, 'set' magic will be processed on the new scalar. If unset, 'set' magic will be skipped. The latter typically means that assignment will soon follow (e.g., 'local $x = $y'), and that will handle the magic.

#save_set_svflags

Implements SAVESETSVFLAGS.

Set the SvFLAGS specified by mask to the values in val

Implements SAVESHAREDPV.

Like save_generic_pvref(), but uses PerlMemShared_free() rather than Safefree(). Can be used to restore a shared global char* to its prior contents, freeing new value.

#save_vptr

Implements SAVEVPTR.

#Casting

There are currently no internal API items in Casting

#Character case changing

There are currently no internal API items in Character case changing

#Character classification

There are currently no internal API items in Character classification

#Compiler and Preprocessor information

There are currently no internal API items in Compiler and Preprocessor information

#Compiler directives

There are currently no internal API items in Compiler directives

#Compile-time scope hooks
#BhkENTRY

NOTE: BhkENTRY is experimental and may change or be removed without notice.

Return an entry from the BHK structure. which is a preprocessor token indicating which entry to return. If the appropriate flag is not set this will return NULL. The type of the return value depends on which entry you ask for.

#BhkFLAGS

NOTE: BhkFLAGS is experimental and may change or be removed without notice.

Return the BHK's flags.

#CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS

NOTE: CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS is experimental and may change or be removed without notice.

Call all the registered block hooks for type which. which is a preprocessing token; the type of arg depends on which.

#Concurrency
#CVf_SLABBED
#CvROOT
#CvSTART
#CX_CUR
#CX_LEAVE_SCOPE
#CX_POP
#cx_type
#CXINC
#cxstack
#cxstack_ix
#CXt_BLOCK
#CXt_EVAL
#CXt_FORMAT
#CXt_GIVEN
#CXt_LOOP_ARY
#CXt_LOOP_LAZYIV
#CXt_LOOP_LAZYSV
#CXt_LOOP_LIST
#CXt_LOOP_PLAIN
#CXt_NULL
#CXt_SUB
#CXt_SUBST
#CXt_WHEN
#dounwind

Described in perlguts.

#my_fork

This is for the use of PerlProc_fork as a wrapper for the C library fork(2) on some platforms to hide some platform quirks. It should not be used except through PerlProc_fork.

#PERL_CONTEXT

Described in perlguts.

#COPs and Hint Hashes

There are currently no internal API items in COPs and Hint Hashes

#Custom Operators
#core_prototype

This function assigns the prototype of the named core function to sv, or to a new mortal SV if sv is NULL. It returns the modified sv, or NULL if the core function has no prototype. code is a code as returned by keyword(). It must not be equal to 0.

#CV Handling
#CvREFCOUNTED_ANYSV

If true, indicates that the CvXSUBANY(cv).any_sv member contains an SV pointer whose reference count should be decremented when the CV itself is freed. In addition, cv_clone() will increment the reference count, and sv_dup() will duplicate the entire pointed-to SV if this flag is set.

Any CV that wraps an XSUB has an ANY union that the XSUB function is free to use for its own purposes. It may be the case that the code wishes to store an SV in the any_sv member of this union. By setting this flag, this SV reference will be properly reclaimed or duplicated when the CV itself is.

#CvREFCOUNTED_ANYSV_off

Helper macro to turn off the CvREFCOUNTED_ANYSV flag.

#CvREFCOUNTED_ANYSV_on

Helper macro to turn on the CvREFCOUNTED_ANYSV flag.

#CvWEAKOUTSIDE

Each CV has a pointer, CvOUTSIDE(), to its lexically enclosing CV (if any). Because pointers to anonymous sub prototypes are stored in & pad slots, it is a possible to get a circular reference, with the parent pointing to the child and vice-versa. To avoid the ensuing memory leak, we do not increment the reference count of the CV pointed to by CvOUTSIDE in the one specific instance that the parent has a & pad slot pointing back to us. In this case, we set the CvWEAKOUTSIDE flag in the child. This allows us to determine under what circumstances we should decrement the refcount of the parent when freeing the child.

There is a further complication with non-closure anonymous subs (i.e. those that do not refer to any lexicals outside that sub). In this case, the anonymous prototype is shared rather than being cloned. This has the consequence that the parent may be freed while there are still active children, e.g.,

BEGIN { $a = sub { eval '$x' } }

In this case, the BEGIN is freed immediately after execution since there are no active references to it: the anon sub prototype has CvWEAKOUTSIDE set since it's not a closure, and $a points to the same CV, so it doesn't contribute to BEGIN's refcount either. When $a is executed, the eval '$x' causes the chain of CvOUTSIDEs to be followed, and the freed BEGIN is accessed.

To avoid this, whenever a CV and its associated pad is freed, any & entries in the pad are explicitly removed from the pad, and if the refcount of the pointed-to anon sub is still positive, then that child's CvOUTSIDE is set to point to its grandparent. This will only occur in the single specific case of a non-closure anon prototype having one or more active references (such as $a above).

One other thing to consider is that a CV may be merely undefined rather than freed, eg undef &foo. In this case, its refcount may not have reached zero, but we still delete its pad and its CvROOT etc. Since various children may still have their CvOUTSIDE pointing at this undefined CV, we keep its own CvOUTSIDE for the time being, so that the chain of lexical scopes is unbroken. For example, the following should print 123:

my $x = 123;
sub tmp { sub { eval '$x' } }
my $a = tmp();
undef &tmp;
print  $a->();
#docatch

Interpose, for the current op and RUNOPS loop,

- a new JMPENV stack catch frame, and
- an inner RUNOPS loop to run all the remaining ops following the
  current PL_op.

Then handle any exceptions raised while in that loop. For a caught eval at this level, re-enter the loop with the specified restart op (i.e. the op following the OP_LEAVETRY etc); otherwise re-throw the exception.

docatch() is intended to be used like this:

PP(pp_entertry)
{
    if (CATCH_GET)
        return docatch(Perl_pp_entertry);

    ... rest of function ...
    return PL_op->op_next;
}

If a new catch frame isn't needed, the op behaves normally. Otherwise it calls docatch(), which recursively calls pp_entertry(), this time with CATCH_GET() false, so the rest of the body of the entertry is run. Then docatch() calls CALLRUNOPS() which executes all the ops following the entertry. When the loop finally finishes, control returns to docatch(), which pops the JMPENV and returns to the parent pp_entertry(), which itself immediately returns. Note that *all* subsequent ops are run within the inner RUNOPS loop, not just the body of the eval. For example, in

sub TIEARRAY { eval {1}; my $x }
tie @a, "main";

at the point the 'my' is executed, the C stack will look something like:

#10 main()
#9  perl_run()              # JMPENV_PUSH level 1 here
#8  S_run_body()
#7  Perl_runops_standard()  # main RUNOPS loop
#6  Perl_pp_tie()
#5  Perl_call_sv()
#4  Perl_runops_standard()  # unguarded RUNOPS loop: no new JMPENV
#3  Perl_pp_entertry()
#2  S_docatch()             # JMPENV_PUSH level 2 here
#1  Perl_runops_standard()  # docatch()'s RUNOPs loop
#0  Perl_pp_padsv()

Basically, any section of the perl core which starts a RUNOPS loop may make a promise that it will catch any exceptions and restart the loop if necessary. If it's not prepared to do that (like call_sv() isn't), then it sets CATCH_GET() to true, so that any later eval-like code knows to set up a new handler and loop (via docatch()).

See "Exception handing" in perlinterp for further details.

#Debugging
#comma_aDEPTH

Some functions when compiled under DEBUGGING take an extra final argument named depth, indicating the C stack depth. This argument is omitted otherwise. This macro expands to either , depth under DEBUGGING, or to nothing at all when not under DEBUGGING, reducing the number of #ifdef's in the code.

The program is responsible for maintaining the correct value for depth.

#comma_pDEPTH

This is used in the prototype declarations for functions that take a "comma_aDEPTH" final parameter, much like pTHX_ is used in functions that take a thread context initial parameter.

#debop

Implements -Dt perl command line option on OP o.

#debprof

Called to indicate that o was executed, for profiling purposes under the -DP command line option.

#debprofdump

Dumps the contents of the data collected by the -DP perl command line option.

#debug_aDEPTH

Same as "comma_aDEPTH" but with no leading argument. Intended for functions with no normal arguments, and used by "comma_aDEPTH" itself.

#debug_pDEPTH

Same as "comma_pDEPTH" but with no leading argument. Intended for functions with no normal arguments, and used by "comma_pDEPTH" itself.

#free_c_backtrace

Deallocates a backtrace received from get_c_backtrace.

#get_c_backtrace

Collects the backtrace (aka "stacktrace") into a single linear malloced buffer, which the caller must Perl_free_c_backtrace().

Scans the frames back by depth + skip, then drops the skip innermost, returning at most depth frames.

#PL_DBsingle

When Perl is run in debugging mode, with the -d switch, this SV is a boolean which indicates whether subs are being single-stepped. Single-stepping is automatically turned on after every step. This is the C variable which corresponds to Perl's $DB::single variable. See "PL_DBsub".

On threaded perls, each thread has an independent copy of this variable; each initialized at creation time with the current value of the creating thread's copy.

#PL_DBsub

When Perl is run in debugging mode, with the -d switch, this GV contains the SV which holds the name of the sub being debugged. This is the C variable which corresponds to Perl's $DB::sub variable. See "PL_DBsingle".

On threaded perls, each thread has an independent copy of this variable; each initialized at creation time with the current value of the creating thread's copy.

#PL_DBtrace

Trace variable used when Perl is run in debugging mode, with the -d switch. This is the C variable which corresponds to Perl's $DB::trace variable. See "PL_DBsingle".

On threaded perls, each thread has an independent copy of this variable; each initialized at creation time with the current value of the creating thread's copy.

#runops_debug
#runops_standard

Described in perlguts.

#Display functions
#sv_peek

Implements SvPEEK

#Embedding, Threads, and Interpreter Cloning
#cv_dump

dump the contents of a CV

#cv_forget_slab

When a CV has a reference count on its slab (CvSLABBED), it is responsible for making sure it is freed. (Hence, no two CVs should ever have a reference count on the same slab.) The CV only needs to reference the slab during compilation. Once it is compiled and CvROOT attached, it has finished its job, so it can forget the slab.

#do_dump_pad

Dump the contents of a padlist

#get_context

Implements "PERL_GET_CONTEXT" in perlapi, which you should use instead.

#noshutdownhook

Stub that provides shutdown hook.

#pad_alloc_name

Allocates a place in the currently-compiling pad (via "pad_alloc" in perlapi) and then stores a name for that entry. name is adopted and becomes the name entry; it must already contain the name string. typestash and ourstash and the padadd_STATE flag gets added to name. None of the other processing of "pad_add_name_pvn" in perlapi is done. Returns the offset of the allocated pad slot.

#pad_block_start

Update the pad compilation state variables on entry to a new block.

#pad_check_dup

Check for duplicate declarations: report any of:

* a 'my' in the current scope with the same name;
* an 'our' (anywhere in the pad) with the same name and the
  same stash as 'ourstash'

is_our indicates that the name to check is an "our" declaration.

#pad_findlex

Find a named lexical anywhere in a chain of nested pads. Add fake entries in the inner pads if it's found in an outer one.

Returns the offset in the bottom pad of the lex or the fake lex. cv is the CV in which to start the search, and seq is the current cop_seq to match against. If warn is true, print appropriate warnings. The out_* vars return values, and so are pointers to where the returned values should be stored. out_capture, if non-null, requests that the innermost instance of the lexical is captured; out_name is set to the innermost matched pad name or fake pad name; out_flags returns the flags normally associated with the PARENT_FAKELEX_FLAGS field of a fake pad name.

Note that pad_findlex() is recursive; it recurses up the chain of CVs, then comes back down, adding fake entries as it goes. It has to be this way because fake names in anon prototypes have to store in xpadn_low the index into the parent pad.

#pad_fixup_inner_anons

For any anon CVs in the pad, change CvOUTSIDE of that CV from old_cv to new_cv if necessary. Needed when a newly-compiled CV has to be moved to a pre-existing CV struct.

#pad_free

Free the SV at offset po in the current pad.

#pad_leavemy

Cleanup at end of scope during compilation: set the max seq number for lexicals in this scope and warn of any lexicals that never got introduced.

#pad_push

Push a new pad frame onto the padlist, unless there's already a pad at this depth, in which case don't bother creating a new one. Then give the new pad an @_ in slot zero.

#pad_reset

Mark all the current temporaries for reuse

#pad_setsv

Set the value at offset po in the current (compiling or executing) pad. Use the macro PAD_SETSV() rather than calling this function directly.

#pad_sv

Get the value at offset po in the current (compiling or executing) pad. Use macro PAD_SV instead of calling this function directly.

#pad_swipe

Abandon the tmp in the current pad at offset po and replace with a new one.

#padlist_dup

Duplicates a pad.

#padname_dup

Duplicates a pad name.

#padnamelist_dup

Duplicates a pad name list.

#set_context

Implements "PERL_SET_CONTEXT" in perlapi, which you should use instead.

#si_dup

Duplicate a stack info structure, returning a pointer to the cloned object.

#ss_dup

Duplicate the save stack, returning a pointer to the cloned object.

#Errno
#dSAVE_ERRNO

Declare variables needed to save errno and any operating system specific error number, and save them for optional later restoration by RESTORE_ERRNO.

#dSAVEDERRNO

Declare variables needed to save errno and any operating system specific error number.

#RESTORE_ERRNO

Restore errno and any operating system specific error number that was saved by dSAVE_ERRNO or RESTORE_ERRNO.

#SAVE_ERRNO

Save errno and any operating system specific error number for optional later restoration by RESTORE_ERRNO. Requires dSAVEDERRNO or dSAVE_ERRNO in scope.

#SETERRNO

Set errno, and on VMS set vaxc$errno.

#Exception Handling (simple) Macros

There are currently no internal API items in Exception Handling (simple) Macros

#Filesystem configuration values

There are currently no internal API items in Filesystem configuration values

#Floating point

There are currently no internal API items in Floating point

#General Configuration

There are currently no internal API items in General Configuration

#Global Variables

There are currently no internal API items in Global Variables

#GV Handling and Stashes
#amagic_applies

Check sv to see if the overloaded (active magic) operation method applies to it. If the sv is not SvROK or it is not an object then returns false, otherwise checks if the object is blessed into a class supporting overloaded operations, and returns true if a call to amagic_call() with this SV and the given method would trigger an amagic operation, including via the overload fallback rules or via nomethod. Thus a call like:

amagic_applies(sv, string_amg, AMG_unary)

would return true for an object with overloading set up in any of the following ways:

use overload q("") => sub { ... };
use overload q(0+) => sub { ... }, fallback => 1;

and could be used to tell if a given object would stringify to something other than the normal default ref stringification.

Note that the fact that this function returns TRUE does not mean you can successfully perform the operation with amagic_call(), for instance any overloaded method might throw a fatal exception, however if this function returns FALSE you can be confident that it will NOT perform the given overload operation.

method is an integer enum, one of the values found in overload.h, for instance string_amg.

flags should be set to AMG_unary for unary operations.

#gp_dup

Duplicate a typeglob, returning a pointer to the cloned object.

#gv_handler

Implements StashHANDLER, which you should use instead

#gv_stashsvpvn_cached

Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package, possibly cached. Implements both "gv_stashpvn" in perlapi and "gv_stashsv" in perlapi.

Requires one of either namesv or namepv to be non-null.

If the flag GV_CACHE_ONLY is set, return the stash only if found in the cache; see "gv_stashpvn" in perlapi for details on the other flags.

Note it is strongly preferred for namesv to be non-null, for performance reasons.

#gv_try_downgrade

NOTE: gv_try_downgrade is experimental and may change or be removed without notice.

If the typeglob gv can be expressed more succinctly, by having something other than a real GV in its place in the stash, replace it with the optimised form. Basic requirements for this are that gv is a real typeglob, is sufficiently ordinary, and is only referenced from its package. This function is meant to be used when a GV has been looked up in part to see what was there, causing upgrading, but based on what was found it turns out that the real GV isn't required after all.

If gv is a completely empty typeglob, it is deleted from the stash.

If gv is a typeglob containing only a sufficiently-ordinary constant sub, the typeglob is replaced with a scalar-reference placeholder that more compactly represents the same thing.

#Hook manipulation

There are currently no internal API items in Hook manipulation

#HV Handling
#hv_eiter_p

Implements HvEITER which you should use instead.

#hv_eiter_set

Implements HvEITER_set which you should use instead.

#hv_ename_add

Adds a name to a stash's internal list of effective names. See "hv_ename_delete".

This is called when a stash is assigned to a new location in the symbol table.

#hv_ename_delete

Removes a name from a stash's internal list of effective names. If this is the name returned by HvENAME, then another name in the list will take its place (HvENAME will use it).

This is called when a stash is deleted from the symbol table.

#hv_fill

Returns the number of hash buckets that happen to be in use.

This function implements the HvFILL macro which you should use instead.

As of perl 5.25 this function is used only for debugging purposes, and the number of used hash buckets is not in any way cached, thus this function can be costly to execute as it must iterate over all the buckets in the hash.

#hv_placeholders_get

Implements HvPLACEHOLDERS_get, which you should use instead.

#hv_placeholders_set

Implements HvPLACEHOLDERS_set, which you should use instead.

#hv_riter_p

Implements HvRITER which you should use instead.

#hv_riter_set

Implements HvRITER_set which you should use instead.

#refcounted_he_chain_2hv

Generates and returns a HV * representing the content of a refcounted_he chain. flags is currently unused and must be zero.

#refcounted_he_fetch_pv

Like "refcounted_he_fetch_pvn", but takes a nul-terminated string instead of a string/length pair.

#refcounted_he_fetch_pvn

Search along a refcounted_he chain for an entry with the key specified by keypv and keylen. If flags has the REFCOUNTED_HE_KEY_UTF8 bit set, the key octets are interpreted as UTF-8, otherwise they are interpreted as Latin-1. hash is a precomputed hash of the key string, or zero if it has not been precomputed. Returns a mortal scalar representing the value associated with the key, or &PL_sv_placeholder if there is no value associated with the key.

#refcounted_he_fetch_pvs

Like "refcounted_he_fetch_pvn", but takes a literal string instead of a string/length pair, and no precomputed hash.

#refcounted_he_fetch_sv

Like "refcounted_he_fetch_pvn", but takes a Perl scalar instead of a string/length pair.

#refcounted_he_free

Decrements the reference count of a refcounted_he by one. If the reference count reaches zero the structure's memory is freed, which (recursively) causes a reduction of its parent refcounted_he's reference count. It is safe to pass a null pointer to this function: no action occurs in this case.

#refcounted_he_inc

Increment the reference count of a refcounted_he. The pointer to the refcounted_he is also returned. It is safe to pass a null pointer to this function: no action occurs and a null pointer is returned.

#refcounted_he_new_pv

Like "refcounted_he_new_pvn", but takes a nul-terminated string instead of a string/length pair.

#refcounted_he_new_pvn

Creates a new refcounted_he. This consists of a single key/value pair and a reference to an existing refcounted_he chain (which may be empty), and thus forms a longer chain. When using the longer chain, the new key/value pair takes precedence over any entry for the same key further along the chain.

The new key is specified by keypv and keylen. If flags has the REFCOUNTED_HE_KEY_UTF8 bit set, the key octets are interpreted as UTF-8, otherwise they are interpreted as Latin-1. hash is a precomputed hash of the key string, or zero if it has not been precomputed.

value is the scalar value to store for this key. value is copied by this function, which thus does not take ownership of any reference to it, and later changes to the scalar will not be reflected in the value visible in the refcounted_he. Complex types of scalar will not be stored with referential integrity, but will be coerced to strings. value may be either null or &PL_sv_placeholder to indicate that no value is to be associated with the key; this, as with any non-null value, takes precedence over the existence of a value for the key further along the chain.

parent points to the rest of the refcounted_he chain to be attached to the new refcounted_he. This function takes ownership of one reference to parent, and returns one reference to the new refcounted_he.

#refcounted_he_new_pvs

Like "refcounted_he_new_pvn", but takes a literal string instead of a string/length pair, and no precomputed hash.

#refcounted_he_new_sv

Like "refcounted_he_new_pvn", but takes a Perl scalar instead of a string/length pair.

If no one has access to shared string str with length len, free it.

len and hash must both be valid for str.

#Input/Output
#dirp_dup

Duplicate a directory handle, returning a pointer to the cloned object.

#fp_dup

Duplicate a file handle, returning a pointer to the cloned object.

#my_fflush_all

Implements PERL_FLUSHALL_FOR_CHILD on some platforms.

#my_mkostemp

The C library mkostemp(3) if available, or a Perl implementation of it.

#my_mkstemp

The C library mkstemp(3) if available, or a Perl implementation of it.

#PL_last_in_gv

The GV which was last used for a filehandle input operation. (<FH>)

On threaded perls, each thread has an independent copy of this variable; each initialized at creation time with the current value of the creating thread's copy.

#PL_ofsgv

The glob containing the output field separator - *, in Perl space.

On threaded perls, each thread has an independent copy of this variable; each initialized at creation time with the current value of the creating thread's copy.

#PL_rs

The input record separator - $/ in Perl space.

On threaded perls, each thread has an independent copy of this variable; each initialized at creation time with the current value of the creating thread's copy.

#start_glob

NOTE: start_glob is experimental and may change or be removed without notice.

Function called by do_readline to spawn a glob (or do the glob inside perl on VMS). This code used to be inline, but now perl uses File::Glob this glob starter is only used by miniperl during the build process, or when PERL_EXTERNAL_GLOB is defined. Moving it away shrinks pp_hot.c; shrinking pp_hot.c helps speed perl up.

#Integer
#ABS_IV_MIN

Returns the absolute value of "IV_MIN" in perlapi, suitable for use in a UV

#NEGATE_2IV

Returns the negative value of uv, which must be non-negative, for use in an IV. The results are undefined if that value would be less than "IV_MIN" in perlapi. This macro is needed because naively saying -uv gives undefined behavior when uv is equal to "ABS_IV_MIN".

#NEGATE_2UV

Returns the absolute value of iv, which must be negative, while avoiding undefined behavior even if iv is "IV_MIN" in perlapi.

#I/O Formats

There are currently no internal API items in I/O Formats

#Lexer interface
#validate_proto

NOTE: validate_proto is experimental and may change or be removed without notice.

This function performs syntax checking on a prototype, proto. If warn is true, any illegal characters or mismatched brackets will trigger illegalproto warnings, declaring that they were detected in the prototype for name.

The return value is true if this is a valid prototype, and false if it is not, regardless of whether warn was true or false.

Note that NULL is a valid proto and will always return true.

#Locales

There are currently no internal API items in Locales

#Magic
#magic_clearhint

Triggered by a delete from %^H, records the key to PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash.

#magic_clearhints

Triggered by clearing %^H, resets PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash.

#magic_methcall

Invoke a magic method (like FETCH).

sv and mg are the tied thingy and the tie magic.

meth is the name of the method to call.

argc is the number of args (in addition to $self) to pass to the method.

The flags can be:

G_DISCARD     invoke method with G_DISCARD flag and don't
              return a value
G_UNDEF_FILL  fill the stack with argc pointers to
              PL_sv_undef

The arguments themselves are any values following the flags argument.

Returns the SV (if any) returned by the method, or NULL on failure.

#magic_sethint

Triggered by a store to %^H, records the key/value pair to PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash. It is assumed that hints aren't storing anything that would need a deep copy. Maybe we should warn if we find a reference.

#mg_dup

Duplicate a chain of magic, returning a pointer to the cloned object.

#mg_localize

Copy some of the magic from an existing SV to new localized version of that SV. Container magic (e.g., %ENV, $1, tie) gets copied, value magic doesn't (e.g., taint, pos).

If setmagic is false then no set magic will be called on the new (empty) SV. This typically means that assignment will soon follow (e.g. 'local $x = $y'), and that will handle the magic.

#Memory Management
#calloc

Implements "Newxz" in perlapi which you should use instead.

#malloc

Implements "Newx" in perlapi which you should use instead.

#mfree

Implements "Safefree" in perlapi which you should use instead.

#realloc

Implements "Renew" in perlapi which you should use instead.

#MRO
#mro_get_linear_isa_dfs

Returns the Depth-First Search linearization of @ISA the given stash. The return value is a read-only AV* whose elements are string SVs giving class names. level should be 0 (it is used internally in this function's recursion).

You are responsible for SvREFCNT_inc() on the return value if you plan to store it anywhere semi-permanently (otherwise it might be deleted out from under you the next time the cache is invalidated).

#mro_isa_changed_in

Takes the necessary steps (cache invalidations, mostly) when the @ISA of the given package has changed. Invoked by the setisa magic, should not need to invoke directly.

#mro_package_moved

Call this function to signal to a stash that it has been assigned to another spot in the stash hierarchy. stash is the stash that has been assigned. oldstash is the stash it replaces, if any. gv is the glob that is actually being assigned to.

This can also be called with a null first argument to indicate that oldstash has been deleted.

This function invalidates isa caches on the old stash, on all subpackages nested inside it, and on the subclasses of all those, including non-existent packages that have corresponding entries in stash.

It also sets the effective names (HvENAME) on all the stashes as appropriate.

If the gv is present and is not in the symbol table, then this function simply returns. This checked will be skipped if flags & 1.

#Multicall Functions

There are currently no internal API items in Multicall Functions

#Numeric Functions
#isinfnansv

Checks whether the argument would be either an infinity or NaN when used as a number, but is careful not to trigger non-numeric or uninitialized warnings. it assumes the caller has done SvGETMAGIC(sv) already.

Note that this always accepts trailing garbage (similar to grok_number_flags with PERL_SCAN_TRAILING), so "inferior" and "NAND gates" will return true.

#S_perl_hash_siphash_1_3

Implements the variant of Siphash which performs 1 round function per block, and 3 as part of the finalizer.

Takes a 16 byte seed vector, and uses it to hash inlen bytes from the buffer pointed to by in, returns a 32 bit hash.

The following code should return 0x2976B3A1

char seed[] = "Call me Ishmael.";
char in[] = "It is not down on any map; true places never are.";
U32 hash = S_perl_hash_siphash_1_3(
            (const U8*)seed, (const U8*)in, sizeof(in)-1);
#S_perl_hash_siphash_1_3_with_state

Implements the variant of Siphash which performs 1 round function per block, and 3 as part of the finalizer.

Takes a 32 byte 'state' vector prepared by S_perl_siphash_seed_state() and uses it to hash inlen bytes from the buffer pointed to by in, returns a 32 bit hash.

The following code should return 0x2976B3A1

U8 state[32];
char seed[] = "Call me Ishmael.";
S_perl_siphash_seed_state((const U8*)seed, state);

char in[] = "It is not down on any map; true places never are.";
U32 hash = S_perl_hash_siphash_1_3_with_state(
            state, (const U8*)in, sizeof(in)-1);
#S_perl_hash_siphash_1_3_with_state_64

Implements the variant of Siphash which performs 1 round function per block, and 3 as part of the finalizer.

Takes a 32 byte 'state' vector prepared by S_perl_siphash_seed_state() and uses it to hash inlen bytes from the buffer pointed to by in, returns a 64 bit hash.

The following code should return 0xB70339FD9E758A5C

U8 state[32];
char seed[] = "Call me Ishmael.";
S_perl_siphash_seed_state((const U8*)seed, state);

char in[] = "It is not down on any map; true places never are.";
U64 hash = S_perl_hash_siphash_1_3_with_state_64(
            state, (const U8*)in, sizeof(in)-1);
#S_perl_hash_siphash_1_3_64

Implements the variant of Siphash which performs 1 round function per block, and 3 as part of the finalizer.

Takes a 16 byte seed vector, and uses it to hash inlen bytes from the buffer pointed to by in, returns a 64 bit hash.

The following code should return 0xB70339FD9E758A5C

char seed[] = "Call me Ishmael.";
char in[] = "It is not down on any map; true places never are.";
U64 hash = S_perl_hash_siphash_1_3_64(
            (const U8*)seed, (const U8*)in, sizeof(in)-1);
#S_perl_hash_siphash_2_4

Implements the variant of Siphash which performs 2 round functions per block, and 4 as part of the finalizer.

Takes a 16 byte seed vector, and uses it to hash inlen bytes from the buffer pointed to by in, returns a 32 bit hash.

The following code should return 0x6421D9AA

char seed[] = "Call me Ishmael.";
char in[] = "It is not down on any map; true places never are.";
U32 hash = S_perl_hash_siphash_2_4(
            (const U8*)seed, (const U8*)in, sizeof(in)-1);
#S_perl_hash_siphash_2_4_with_state

Implements the variant of Siphash which performs 2 round function per block, and 4 as part of the finalizer.

Takes a 32 byte 'state' vector prepared by S_perl_siphash_seed_state() and uses it to hash inlen bytes from the buffer pointed to by in, returns a 32 bit hash.

The following code should return 0x6421D9AA

U8 state[32];
char seed[] = "Call me Ishmael.";
S_perl_siphash_seed_state((const U8*)seed, state);

char in[] = "It is not down on any map; true places never are.";
U32 hash = S_perl_hash_siphash_2_4_with_state(
            state, (const U8*)in, sizeof(in)-1);
#S_perl_hash_siphash_2_4_with_state_64

Implements the variant of Siphash which performs 2 round functions per block, and 4 as part of the finalizer.

Takes a 32 byte 'state' vector prepared by S_perl_siphash_seed_state() and uses it to hash inlen bytes from the buffer pointed to by in, returns a 64 bit hash.

The following code should return 0x1E84CF1D7AA516B7

U8 state[32];
char seed[] = "Call me Ishmael.";
S_perl_siphash_seed_state((const U8*)seed, state);

char in[] = "It is not down on any map; true places never are.";
U64 hash = S_perl_hash_siphash_2_4_with_state_64(
            state, (const U8*)in, sizeof(in)-1);
#S_perl_hash_siphash_2_4_64

Implements the variant of Siphash which performs 2 round functions per block, and 4 as part of the finalizer.

Takes a 16 byte seed vector, and uses it to hash inlen bytes from the buffer pointed to by in, returns a 64 bit hash.

The following code should return 0x1E84CF1D7AA516B7

char seed[] = "Call me Ishmael.";
char in[] = "It is not down on any map; true places never are.";
U64 hash = S_perl_hash_siphash_2_4_64(
            (const U8*)seed, (const U8*)in, sizeof(in)-1);
#S_perl_siphash_seed_state

Takes a 16 byte seed and converts it into a 32 byte state buffer. The contents of state_buf will be overwritten.

If you need to hash a lot of things, then you can use this to process the seed once, and then reuse the state over and over.

The siphash functions which take a seed argument will call this function implicitly every time they are used. Those which take a state argument require the seed to be converted into a state before they are used.

See the various _with_state siphash functions for a usage example.

#Optrees
#newATTRSUB_x

Construct a Perl subroutine, also performing some surrounding jobs.

This function is expected to be called in a Perl compilation context, and some aspects of the subroutine are taken from global variables associated with compilation. In particular, PL_compcv represents the subroutine that is currently being compiled. It must be non-null when this function is called, and some aspects of the subroutine being constructed are taken from it. The constructed subroutine may actually be a reuse of the PL_compcv object, but will not necessarily be so.

If block is null then the subroutine will have no body, and for the time being it will be an error to call it. This represents a forward subroutine declaration such as sub foo ($$);. If block is non-null then it provides the Perl code of the subroutine body, which will be executed when the subroutine is called. This body includes any argument unwrapping code resulting from a subroutine signature or similar. The pad use of the code must correspond to the pad attached to PL_compcv. The code is not expected to include a leavesub or leavesublv op; this function will add such an op. block is consumed by this function and will become part of the constructed subroutine.

proto specifies the subroutine's prototype, unless one is supplied as an attribute (see below). If proto is null, then the subroutine will not have a prototype. If proto is non-null, it must point to a const op whose value is a string, and the subroutine will have that string as its prototype. If a prototype is supplied as an attribute, the attribute takes precedence over proto, but in that case proto should preferably be null. In any case, proto is consumed by this function.

attrs supplies attributes to be applied the subroutine. A handful of attributes take effect by built-in means, being applied to PL_compcv immediately when seen. Other attributes are collected up and attached to the subroutine by this route. attrs may be null to supply no attributes, or point to a const op for a single attribute, or point to a list op whose children apart from the pushmark are const ops for one or more attributes. Each const op must be a string, giving the attribute name optionally followed by parenthesised arguments, in the manner in which attributes appear in Perl source. The attributes will be applied to the sub by this function. attrs is consumed by this function.

If o_is_gv is false and o is null, then the subroutine will be anonymous. If o_is_gv is false and o is non-null, then o must point to a const OP, which will be consumed by this function, and its string value supplies a name for the subroutine. The name may be qualified or unqualified, and if it is unqualified then a default stash will be selected in some manner. If o_is_gv is true, then o doesn't point to an OP at all, but is instead a cast pointer to a GV by which the subroutine will be named.

If there is already a subroutine of the specified name, then the new sub will either replace the existing one in the glob or be merged with the existing one. A warning may be generated about redefinition.

If the subroutine has one of a few special names, such as BEGIN or END, then it will be claimed by the appropriate queue for automatic running of phase-related subroutines. In this case the relevant glob will be left not containing any subroutine, even if it did contain one before. In the case of BEGIN, the subroutine will be executed and the reference to it disposed of before this function returns.

The function returns a pointer to the constructed subroutine. If the sub is anonymous then ownership of one counted reference to the subroutine is transferred to the caller. If the sub is named then the caller does not get ownership of a reference. In most such cases, where the sub has a non-phase name, the sub will be alive at the point it is returned by virtue of being contained in the glob that names it. A phase-named subroutine will usually be alive by virtue of the reference owned by the phase's automatic run queue. But a BEGIN subroutine, having already been executed, will quite likely have been destroyed already by the time this function returns, making it erroneous for the caller to make any use of the returned pointer. It is the caller's responsibility to ensure that it knows which of these situations applies.

#newMYSUB

Construct a Perl lexical subroutine, also performing some surrounding jobs, and returning a pointer to the constructed subroutine.

Similar in action to "newATTRSUB_x" in perlintern.

#newXS_len_flags

Construct an XS subroutine, also performing some surrounding jobs.

The subroutine will have the entry point subaddr. It will have the prototype specified by the nul-terminated string proto, or no prototype if proto is null. The prototype string is copied; the caller can mutate the supplied string afterwards. If filename is non-null, it must be a nul-terminated filename, and the subroutine will have its CvFILE set accordingly. By default CvFILE is set to point directly to the supplied string, which must be static. If flags has the XS_DYNAMIC_FILENAME bit set, then a copy of the string will be taken instead.

Other aspects of the subroutine will be left in their default state. If anything else needs to be done to the subroutine for it to function correctly, it is the caller's responsibility to do that after this function has constructed it. However, beware of the subroutine potentially being destroyed before this function returns, as described below.

If name is null then the subroutine will be anonymous, with its CvGV referring to an __ANON__ glob. If name is non-null then the subroutine will be named accordingly, referenced by the appropriate glob. name is a string of length len bytes giving a sigilless symbol name, in UTF-8 if flags has the SVf_UTF8 bit set and in Latin-1 otherwise. The name may be either qualified or unqualified, with the stash defaulting in the same manner as for gv_fetchpvn_flags. flags may contain flag bits understood by gv_fetchpvn_flags with the same meaning as they have there, such as GV_ADDWARN. The symbol is always added to the stash if necessary, with GV_ADDMULTI semantics.

If there is already a subroutine of the specified name, then the new sub will replace the existing one in the glob. A warning may be generated about the redefinition. If the old subroutine was CvCONST then the decision about whether to warn is influenced by an expectation about whether the new subroutine will become a constant of similar value. That expectation is determined by const_svp. (Note that the call to this function doesn't make the new subroutine CvCONST in any case; that is left to the caller.) If const_svp is null then it indicates that the new subroutine will not become a constant. If const_svp is non-null then it indicates that the new subroutine will become a constant, and it points to an SV* that provides the constant value that the subroutine will have.

If the subroutine has one of a few special names, such as BEGIN or END, then it will be claimed by the appropriate queue for automatic running of phase-related subroutines. In this case the relevant glob will be left not containing any subroutine, even if it did contain one before. In the case of BEGIN, the subroutine will be executed and the reference to it disposed of before this function returns, and also before its prototype is set. If a BEGIN subroutine would not be sufficiently constructed by this function to be ready for execution then the caller must prevent this happening by giving the subroutine a different name.

The function returns a pointer to the constructed subroutine. If the sub is anonymous then ownership of one counted reference to the subroutine is transferred to the caller. If the sub is named then the caller does not get ownership of a reference. In most such cases, where the sub has a non-phase name, the sub will be alive at the point it is returned by virtue of being contained in the glob that names it. A phase-named subroutine will usually be alive by virtue of the reference owned by the phase's automatic run queue. But a BEGIN subroutine, having already been executed, will quite likely have been destroyed already by the time this function returns, making it erroneous for the caller to make any use of the returned pointer. It is the caller's responsibility to ensure that it knows which of these situations applies.

#op_refcnt_lock

Implements the OP_REFCNT_LOCK macro which you should use instead.

#op_refcnt_unlock

Implements the OP_REFCNT_UNLOCK macro which you should use instead.

#traverse_op_tree

Return the next op in a depth-first traversal of the op tree, returning NULL when the traversal is complete.

The initial call must supply the root of the tree as both top and o.

For now it's static, but it may be exposed to the API in the future.

#Pack and Unpack

There are currently no internal API items in Pack and Unpack

#Pad Data Structures
#CX_CURPAD_SAVE

Save the current pad in the given context block structure.

#CX_CURPAD_SV

Access the SV at offset po in the saved current pad in the given context block structure (can be used as an lvalue).

#PAD_BASE_SV

Get the value from slot po in the base (DEPTH=1) pad of a padlist

#PAD_CLONE_VARS

Clone the state variables associated with running and compiling pads.

#PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS

Return the flags for the current compiling pad name at offset po. Assumes a valid slot entry.

#PAD_COMPNAME_GEN

The generation number of the name at offset po in the current compiling pad (lvalue).

#PAD_COMPNAME_GEN_set

Sets the generation number of the name at offset po in the current ling pad (lvalue) to gen.

#PAD_COMPNAME_OURSTASH

Return the stash associated with an our variable. Assumes the slot entry is a valid our lexical.

#PAD_COMPNAME_PV

Return the name of the current compiling pad name at offset po. Assumes a valid slot entry.

#PAD_COMPNAME_TYPE

Return the type (stash) of the current compiling pad name at offset po. Must be a valid name. Returns null if not typed.

#PAD_RESTORE_LOCAL

Restore the old pad saved into the local variable opad by PAD_SAVE_LOCAL()

#PAD_SAVE_LOCAL

Save the current pad to the local variable opad, then make the current pad equal to npad

#PAD_SAVE_SETNULLPAD

Save the current pad then set it to null.

#PAD_SET_CUR

Set the current pad to be pad n in the padlist, saving the previous current pad. NB currently this macro expands to a string too long for some compilers, so it's best to replace it with

SAVECOMPPAD();
PAD_SET_CUR_NOSAVE(padlist,n);
#PAD_SET_CUR_NOSAVE

like PAD_SET_CUR, but without the save

#PAD_SETSV

Set the slot at offset po in the current pad to sv

#PAD_SV

Get the value at offset po in the current pad

#PAD_SVl

Lightweight and lvalue version of PAD_SV. Get or set the value at offset po in the current pad. Unlike PAD_SV, does not print diagnostics with -DX. For internal use only.

#PadnameIsFIELD

Whether this is a "field" variable. PADNAMEs where this is true will have additional information available via PadnameFIELDINFO.

#PadnameIsOUR

Whether this is an "our" variable.

#PadnameIsSTATE

Whether this is a "state" variable.

#PadnameOURSTASH

The stash in which this "our" variable was declared.

#PadnameOUTER

Whether this entry belongs to an outer pad. Entries for which this is true are often referred to as 'fake'.

#PadnameTYPE

The stash associated with a typed lexical. This returns the %Foo:: hash for my Foo $bar.

#SAVECLEARSV

Clear the pointed to pad value on scope exit. (i.e. the runtime action of my)

#SAVECOMPPAD

save PL_comppad and PL_curpad

#SAVEPADSV

Save a pad slot (used to restore after an iteration)

#Password and Group access

There are currently no internal API items in Password and Group access

#Paths to system commands

There are currently no internal API items in Paths to system commands

#Prototype information

There are currently no internal API items in Prototype information

#Reference-counted stack manipulation

There are currently no internal API items in Reference-counted stack manipulation

#REGEXP Functions
#regnode

Described in perlreguts.

#Reports and Formats

There are currently no internal API items in Reports and Formats

#Signals

There are currently no internal API items in Signals

#Site configuration

There are currently no internal API items in Site configuration

#Sockets configuration values

There are currently no internal API items in Sockets configuration values

#Source Filters

There are currently no internal API items in Source Filters

#Stack Manipulation Macros
#djSP

Declare Just SP. This is actually identical to dSP, and declares a local copy of perl's stack pointer, available via the SP macro. See "SP" in perlapi. (Available for backward source code compatibility with the old (Perl 5.005) thread model.)

#LVRET

True if this op will be the return value of an lvalue subroutine

#save_alloc

Implements "SSNEW" in perlapi and kin, which should be used instead of this function.

#String Handling
#delimcpy_no_escape

Copy a source buffer to a destination buffer, stopping at (but not including) the first occurrence in the source of the delimiter byte, delim. The source is the bytes between from and from_end - 1. Similarly, the dest is to up to to_end.

The number of bytes copied is written to *retlen.

Returns the position of delim in the from buffer, but if there is no such occurrence before from_end, then from_end is returned, and the entire buffer from .. from_end - 1 is copied.

If there is room in the destination available after the copy, an extra terminating safety NUL byte is appended (not included in the returned length).

The error case is if the destination buffer is not large enough to accommodate everything that should be copied. In this situation, a value larger than to_end - to is written to *retlen, and as much of the source as fits will be written to the destination. Not having room for the safety NUL is not considered an error.

#quadmath_format_needed

quadmath_format_needed() returns true if the format string seems to contain at least one non-Q-prefixed %[efgaEFGA] format specifier, or returns false otherwise.

The format specifier detection is not complete printf-syntax detection, but it should catch most common cases.

If true is returned, those arguments should in theory be processed with quadmath_snprintf(), but in case there is more than one such format specifier (see "quadmath_format_valid"), and if there is anything else beyond that one (even just a single byte), they cannot be processed because quadmath_snprintf() is very strict, accepting only one format spec, and nothing else. In this case, the code should probably fail.

#quadmath_format_valid

quadmath_snprintf() is very strict about its format string and will fail, returning -1, if the format is invalid. It accepts exactly one format spec.

quadmath_format_valid() checks that the intended single spec looks sane: begins with %, has only one %, ends with [efgaEFGA], and has Q before it. This is not a full "printf syntax check", just the basics.

Returns true if it is valid, false if not.

See also "quadmath_format_needed".

#SV Flags
#SVt_INVLIST

Type flag for scalars. See "svtype" in perlapi.

#SV Handling
#PL_Sv

A scratch pad SV for whatever temporary use you need. Chiefly used as a fallback by macros on platforms where "PERL_USE_GCC_BRACE_GROUPS" in perlapi> is unavailable, and which would otherwise evaluate their SV parameter more than once.

BUT BEWARE, if this is used in a situation where something that is using it is in a call stack with something else that is using it, this variable would get zapped, leading to hard-to-diagnose errors.

These days using an inline function is generally preferred instead.

#sv_add_arena

Given a chunk of memory, link it to the head of the list of arenas, and split it into a list of free SVs.

#sv_clean_all

Decrement the refcnt of each remaining SV, possibly triggering a cleanup. This function may have to be called multiple times to free SVs which are in complex self-referential hierarchies.

#sv_clean_objs

Attempt to destroy all objects not yet freed.

#sv_free_arenas

Deallocate the memory used by all arenas. Note that all the individual SV heads and bodies within the arenas must already have been freed.

#sv_grow

Expands the character buffer in the SV. If necessary, uses sv_unref and upgrades the SV to SVt_PV. Returns a pointer to the character buffer. Use the SvGROW wrapper instead.

#sv_grow_fresh

A cut-down version of sv_grow intended only for when sv is a freshly-minted SVt_PV, SVt_PVIV, SVt_PVNV, or SVt_PVMG. i.e. sv has the default flags, has never been any other type, and does not have an existing string. Basically, just assigns a char buffer and returns a pointer to it.

#sv_newref

Increment an SV's reference count. Use the SvREFCNT_inc() wrapper instead.

#sv_pv

Use the SvPV_nolen macro instead

#sv_pvbyte

Use SvPVbyte_nolen instead.

#sv_pvbyten_force

The backend for the SvPVbytex_force macro. Always use the macro instead. If the SV cannot be downgraded from UTF-8, this croaks.

#sv_pvn_force

Get a sensible string out of the SV somehow. A private implementation of the SvPV_force macro for compilers which can't cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro instead.

#sv_pvutf8

Use the SvPVutf8_nolen macro instead

#sv_pvutf8n_force

The backend for the SvPVutf8x_force macro. Always use the macro instead.

#sv_tainted

Test an SV for taintedness. Use SvTAINTED instead.

#sv_true

Returns true if the SV has a true value by Perl's rules. Use the SvTRUE macro instead, which may call sv_true() or may instead use an in-line version.

#sv_untaint

Untaint an SV. Use SvTAINTED_off instead.

#sv_2bool

This macro is only used by sv_true() or its macro equivalent, and only if the latter's argument is neither SvPOK, SvIOK nor SvNOK. It calls sv_2bool_flags with the SV_GMAGIC flag.

#sv_2bool_flags

This function is only used by sv_true() and friends, and only if the latter's argument is neither SvPOK, SvIOK nor SvNOK. If the flags contain SV_GMAGIC, then it does an mg_get() first.

#sv_2num

NOTE: sv_2num is experimental and may change or be removed without notice.

Return an SV with the numeric value of the source SV, doing any necessary reference or overload conversion. The caller is expected to have handled get-magic already.

#sv_2pv_nolen

Like sv_2pv(), but doesn't return the length too. You should usually use the macro wrapper SvPV_nolen(sv) instead.

#sv_2pvbyte_nolen

Return a pointer to the byte-encoded representation of the SV. May cause the SV to be downgraded from UTF-8 as a side-effect.

Usually accessed via the SvPVbyte_nolen macro.

#sv_2pvutf8_nolen

Return a pointer to the UTF-8-encoded representation of the SV. May cause the SV to be upgraded to UTF-8 as a side-effect.

Usually accessed via the SvPVutf8_nolen macro.

#SvTHINKFIRST

A quick flag check to see whether an sv should be passed to sv_force_normal to be "downgraded" before SvIVX or SvPVX can be modified directly.

For example, if your scalar is a reference and you want to modify the SvIVX slot, you can't just do SvROK_off, as that will leak the referent.

This is used internally by various sv-modifying functions, such as sv_setsv, sv_setiv and sv_pvn_force.

One case that this does not handle is a gv without SvFAKE set. After

if (SvTHINKFIRST(gv)) sv_force_normal(gv);

it will still be a gv.

SvTHINKFIRST sometimes produces false positives. In those cases sv_force_normal does nothing.

#Tainting
#sv_taint

Taint an SV. Use SvTAINTED_on instead.

#TAINT

If we aren't in taint checking mode, do nothing; otherwise indicate to "TAINT_set" and "TAINT_PROPER" that some unspecified element is tainted.

#TAINT_ENV

Looks at several components of %ENV for taintedness, and calls "taint_proper" if any are tainted. The components it searches are things like $PATH.

#taint_env

Implements the "TAINT_ENV" macro, which you should generally use instead.

#TAINT_get

Returns a boolean as to whether some element is tainted or not.

#TAINT_IF

If c evaluates to true, call "TAINT" to indicate that something is tainted; otherwise do nothing.

#TAINT_NOT

Remove any taintedness previously set by, e.g., TAINT.

#TAINT_PROPER

If no element is tainted, do nothing; otherwise output a message (containing s) that indicates there is a tainting violation. If such violations are fatal, it croaks.

#taint_proper

Implements the "TAINT_PROPER" macro, which you should generally use instead.

#TAINT_set

If s is true, "TAINT_get" returns true; If s is false, "TAINT_get" returns false;

#TAINT_WARN_get

Returns false if tainting violations are fatal; Returns true if they're just warnings

#TAINT_WARN_set

s being true indicates "TAINT_WARN_get" should return that tainting violations are just warnings

s being false indicates "TAINT_WARN_get" should return that tainting violations are fatal.

#TAINTING_get

Returns a boolean as to whether taint checking is enabled or not.

#TAINTING_set

Turn taint checking mode off/on

#Time

There are currently no internal API items in Time

#Typedef names

There are currently no internal API items in Typedef names

#Unicode Support
#is_utf8_non_invariant_string

Returns TRUE if "is_utf8_invariant_string" in perlapi returns FALSE for the first len bytes of the string s, but they are, nonetheless, legal Perl-extended UTF-8; otherwise returns FALSE.

A TRUE return means that at least one code point represented by the sequence either is a wide character not representable as a single byte, or the representation differs depending on whether the sequence is encoded in UTF-8 or not.

See also "is_utf8_invariant_string" in perlapi.

#isSCRIPT_RUN

Returns a bool as to whether or not the sequence of bytes from s up to but not including send form a "script run". utf8_target is true iff the sequence starting at s is to be treated as UTF-8. To be precise, except for two degenerate cases given below, this function returns true iff all code points in it come from any combination of three "scripts" given by the Unicode "Script Extensions" property: Common, Inherited, and possibly one other. Additionally all decimal digits must come from the same consecutive sequence of 10.

For example, if all the characters in the sequence are Greek, or Common, or Inherited, this function will return true, provided any decimal digits in it are from the same block of digits in Common. (These are the ASCII digits "0".."9" and additionally a block for full width forms of these, and several others used in mathematical notation.) For scripts (unlike Greek) that have their own digits defined this will accept either digits from that set or from one of the Common digit sets, but not a combination of the two. Some scripts, such as Arabic, have more than one set of digits. All digits must come from the same set for this function to return true.

*ret_script, if ret_script is not NULL, will on return of true contain the script found, using the SCX_enum typedef. Its value will be SCX_INVALID if the function returns false.

If the sequence is empty, true is returned, but *ret_script (if asked for) will be SCX_INVALID.

If the sequence contains a single code point which is unassigned to a character in the version of Unicode being used, the function will return true, and the script will be SCX_Unknown. Any other combination of unassigned code points in the input sequence will result in the function treating the input as not being a script run.

The returned script will be SCX_Inherited iff all the code points in it are from the Inherited script.

Otherwise, the returned script will be SCX_Common iff all the code points in it are from the Inherited or Common scripts.

#utf8_to_uvuni

DEPRECATED! It is planned to remove utf8_to_uvuni from a future release of Perl. Do not use it for new code; remove it from existing code.

Returns the Unicode code point of the first character in the string s which is assumed to be in UTF-8 encoding; retlen will be set to the length, in bytes, of that character.

Some, but not all, UTF-8 malformations are detected, and in fact, some malformed input could cause reading beyond the end of the input buffer, which is one reason why this function is deprecated. The other is that only in extremely limited circumstances should the Unicode versus native code point be of any interest to you.

If s points to one of the detected malformations, and UTF8 warnings are enabled, zero is returned and *retlen is set (if retlen doesn't point to NULL) to -1. If those warnings are off, the computed value if well-defined (or the Unicode REPLACEMENT CHARACTER, if not) is silently returned, and *retlen is set (if retlen isn't NULL) so that (s + *retlen) is the next possible position in s that could begin a non-malformed character. See "utf8n_to_uvchr" in perlapi for details on when the REPLACEMENT CHARACTER is returned.

#utf8n_to_uvuni

DEPRECATED! It is planned to remove utf8n_to_uvuni from a future release of Perl. Do not use it for new code; remove it from existing code.

Instead use "utf8_to_uv" in perlapi, or rarely, "utf8_to_uv_flags" in perlapi.

This function was useful for code that wanted to handle both EBCDIC and ASCII platforms with Unicode properties, but starting in Perl v5.20, the distinctions between the platforms have mostly been made invisible to most code, so this function is quite unlikely to be what you want. If you do need this precise functionality, use instead "utf8_to_uv" in perlapi or "utf8_to_uv_flags" in perlapi to calculate the native code point, and then convert to Unicode using "NATIVE_TO_UNI" in perlapi.

#uvoffuni_to_utf8_flags

THIS FUNCTION SHOULD BE USED IN ONLY VERY SPECIALIZED CIRCUMSTANCES. Instead, Almost all code should use "uv_to_utf8" in perlapi or "uv_to_utf8_flags" in perlapi.

This function is like them, but the input is a strict Unicode (as opposed to native) code point. Only in very rare circumstances should code not be using the native code point.

For details, see the description for "uv_to_utf8_flags" in perlapi.

#valid_utf8_to_uvchr

Like "utf8_to_uv" in perlapi, but should only be called when it is known that the next character in the input UTF-8 string s is well-formed (e.g., it passes "isUTF8_CHAR" in perlapi. Surrogates, non-character code points, and non-Unicode code points are allowed.

#variant_under_utf8_count

This function looks at the sequence of bytes between s and e, which are assumed to be encoded in ASCII/Latin1, and returns how many of them would change should the string be translated into UTF-8. Due to the nature of UTF-8, each of these would occupy two bytes instead of the single one in the input string. Thus, this function returns the precise number of bytes the string would expand by when translated to UTF-8.

Unlike most of the other functions that have utf8 in their name, the input to this function is NOT a UTF-8-encoded string. The function name is slightly odd to emphasize this.

This function is internal to Perl because khw thinks that any XS code that would want this is probably operating too close to the internals. Presenting a valid use case could change that.

See also "is_utf8_invariant_string" in perlapi and "is_utf8_invariant_string_loc" in perlapi,

#Utility Functions
#my_popen_list

Implementing function on some systems for PerlProc_popen_list()

#my_socketpair

Emulates socketpair(2) on systems that don't have it, but which do have enough functionality for the emulation.

#Versioning

There are currently no internal API items in Versioning

#Warning and Dieing
#deprecate

Wrapper around Perl_ck_warner_d() to produce a deprecated warning in the given category with an appropriate message. The message argument must be a C string. The string " is deprecated" will automatically be added to the end of the message.

#deprecate_disappears_in

Wrapper around Perl_ck_warner_d() to produce a deprecated warning in the given category with an appropriate message that the construct referred to by the message will disappear in a specific release. The when and message arguments must be a C string. The when string is expected to be of the form "5.40", with no minor element in the version. The actual message output will be the result of the following expression message " is deprecated, and will disappear in Perl " when which is why message and when must be literal C strings.

#deprecate_fatal_in

Wrapper around Perl_ck_warner_d() to produce a deprecated warning in the given category with an appropriate message that the construct referred to by the message will become fatal in a specific release. The when and message arguments must be a C string. The when string is expected to be of the form "5.40", with no minor element in the version. The actual message output will be the result of the following expression message " is deprecated, and will become fatal in Perl " when which is why message and when must be literal C strings.

#find_uninit_var

NOTE: find_uninit_var is experimental and may change or be removed without notice.

Find the name of the undefined variable (if any) that caused the operator to issue a "Use of uninitialized value" warning. If match is true, only return a name if its value matches uninit_sv. So roughly speaking, if a unary operator (such as OP_COS) generates a warning, then following the direct child of the op may yield an OP_PADSV or OP_GV that gives the name of the undefined variable. On the other hand, with OP_ADD there are two branches to follow, so we only print the variable name if we get an exact match. desc_p points to a string pointer holding the description of the op. This may be updated if needed.

The name is returned as a mortal SV.

Assumes that PL_op is the OP that originally triggered the error, and that PL_comppad/PL_curpad points to the currently executing pad.

#PL_dowarn

The C variable that roughly corresponds to Perl's $^W warning variable. However, $^W is treated as a boolean, whereas PL_dowarn is a collection of flag bits.

On threaded perls, each thread has an independent copy of this variable; each initialized at creation time with the current value of the creating thread's copy.

#report_uninit

Print appropriate "Use of uninitialized variable" warning.

#XS
#my_cxt_init

Implements the "MY_CXT_INIT" in perlxs macro, which you should use instead.

The first time a module is loaded, the global PL_my_cxt_index is incremented, and that value is assigned to that module's static my_cxt_index (whose address is passed as an arg). Then, for each interpreter this function is called for, it makes sure a void* slot is available to hang the static data off, by allocating or extending the interpreter's PL_my_cxt_list array

#Undocumented elements

This section lists the elements that are otherwise undocumented. If you use any of them, please consider creating and submitting documentation for it.

Experimental and deprecated undocumented elements are listed separately at the end.

abort_execution
add_above_Latin1_folds
add_cp_to_invlist
_add_range_to_invlist
allocmy
amagic_cmp
amagic_cmp_desc
amagic_cmp_locale
amagic_cmp_locale_desc
amagic_i_ncmp
amagic_i_ncmp_desc
amagic_is_enabled
amagic_ncmp
amagic_ncmp_desc
any_dup
append_utf8_from_native_byte
apply
atfork_lock
atfork_unlock
av_arylen_p
av_extend_guts
av_iter_p
av_nonelem
av_reify
bind_match
block_gimme
boot_core_builtin
boot_core_mro
boot_core_PerlIO
boot_core_UNIVERSAL
build_infix_plugin
_byte_dump_string
call_list
cando
capture_clear
cast_iv
cast_i32
cast_ulong
cast_uv
check_hash_fields_and_hekify
check_regnode_after
check_utf8_print
ck_anoncode
ck_backtick
ck_bitop
ck_classname
ck_cmp
ck_concat
ck_defined
ck_delete
ck_each
ck_entersub_args_core
ck_eof
ck_eval
ck_exec
ck_exists
ck_ftst
ck_fun
ck_glob
ck_grep
ck_helemexistsor
ck_index
ck_isa
ck_join
ck_length
ck_lfun
ck_listiob
ck_match
ck_method
ck_null
ck_open
ck_prototype
ck_readline
ck_refassign
ck_repeat
ck_require
ck_return
ck_rfun
ck_rvconst
ck_sassign
ck_scmp
ck_select
ck_shift
ck_smartmatch
ck_sort
ck_spair
ck_split
ck_stringify
ck_subr
ck_substr
ck_svconst
ck_tell
ck_trunc
ck_trycatch
ckwarn
ckwarn_d
class_add_ADJUST
class_add_field
class_apply_attributes
class_apply_field_attributes
class_prepare_initfield_parse
class_prepare_method_parse
class_seal_stash
class_set_field_defop
class_setup_stash
class_wrap_method_body
clear_defarray
closest_cop
cmp_desc
cmp_locale_desc
cmpchain_extend
cmpchain_finish
cmpchain_start
cntrl_to_mnemonic
construct_ahocorasick_from_trie
cop_file_avn
coresub_op
croak_caller
croak_kw_unless_class
croak_memory_wrap
croak_no_mem
croak_no_mem_ext
croak_popstack
csighandler
csighandler1
csighandler3
current_re_engine
custom_op_get_field
cv_clone_into
cv_const_sv_or_av
cv_undef_flags
cvgv_from_hek
cvgv_set
cvstash_set
cx_dump
cx_dup
cxinc
deb_stack_all
debstackptrs
debug_hash_seed
debug_peep
debug_show_study_flags
debug_studydata
defelem_target
despatch_signals
die_unwind
do_aexec
do_aexec5
do_aspawn
do_eof
do_exec
do_exec3
do_gv_dump
do_gvgv_dump
do_hv_dump
do_ipcctl
do_ipcget
do_magic_dump
do_msgrcv
do_msgsnd
do_ncmp
do_op_dump
do_pmop_dump
do_print
do_readline
do_seek
do_semop
do_shmio
do_spawn
do_spawn_nowait
do_sv_dump
do_sysseek
do_tell
do_trans
do_uniprop_match
do_vecget
do_vecset
do_vop
does_utf8_overflow
dofile
doing_taint
doref
drand48_init_r
drand48_r
dtrace_probe_call
dtrace_probe_load
dtrace_probe_op
dtrace_probe_phase
dump_all_perl
dump_indent
dump_packsubs_perl
dump_sub_perl
dump_sv_child
dump_vindent
dumpuntil
dup_warnings
find_first_differing_byte_pos
find_lexical_cv
find_runcv_where
find_script
finish_export_lexical
foldEQ_latin1
foldEQ_latin1_s2_folded
foldEQ_utf8_flags
force_locale_unlock
force_out_malformed_utf8_message_
form_alien_digit_msg
form_cp_too_large_msg
free_tied_hv_pool
free_tmps
get_and_check_backslash_N_name
get_ANYOFHbbm_contents
get_ANYOFM_contents
get_db_sub
get_debug_opts
get_deprecated_property_msg
get_extended_os_errno
get_hash_seed
get_invlist_iter_addr
get_invlist_offset_addr
get_invlist_previous_index_addr
get_mstats
get_prop_definition
get_prop_values
get_re_gclass_aux_data
get_regclass_aux_data
get_regex_charset_name
get_win32_message_utf8ness
getenv_len
gp_free
gp_ref
grok_bin_oct_hex
grok_bslash_c
grok_bslash_o
grok_bslash_x
gv_check
gv_fetchmeth_internal
gv_override
gv_setref
gv_stashpvn_internal
he_dup
hek_dup
hfree_next_entry
hv_auxalloc
hv_common
hv_common_key_len
hv_delayfree_ent
hv_free_ent
hv_placeholders_p
hv_pushkv
hv_rand_set
hv_undef_flags
import_builtin_bundle
infix_plugin_standard
init_argv_symbols
init_constants
init_dbargs
init_debugger
init_i18nl10n
init_named_cv
init_stacks
init_tm
init_uniprops
_inverse_folds
invert
invlist_array
_invlist_array_init
invlist_clear
invlist_clone
_invlist_contains_cp
invlist_contents
_invlist_dump
invlist_extend
invlist_highest
_invlist_intersection_maybe_complement_2nd
_invlist_intersection
_invlist_invert
invlist_is_iterating
invlist_iterfinish
invlist_iterinit
invlist_iternext
_invlist_len
invlist_max
invlist_previous_index
_invlist_search
invlist_set_len
invlist_set_previous_index
_invlist_subtract
invlist_trim
_invlist_union_maybe_complement_2nd
_invlist_union
_invlistEQ
invmap_dump
invoke_exception_hook
io_close
is_grapheme
is_in_locale_category_
is_invlist
is_standard_filehandle_name
_is_uni_FOO
_is_uni_perl_idcont
_is_uni_perl_idstart
is_utf8_char_helper_
is_utf8_FF_helper_
_is_utf8_FOO
is_utf8_overlong
_is_utf8_perl_idcont
_is_utf8_perl_idstart
isFF_overlong
jmaybe
join_exact
keyword
keyword_plugin_standard
list
load_charnames
locale_panic
localize
lossless_NV_to_IV
lsbit_pos32
lsbit_pos64
magic_clear_all_env
magic_cleararylen_p
magic_clearenv
magic_clearhook
magic_clearhookall
magic_clearisa
magic_clearpack
magic_clearsig
magic_copycallchecker
magic_existspack
magic_freearylen_p
magic_freecollxfrm
magic_freemglob
magic_freeovrld
magic_freeutf8
magic_get
magic_getarylen
magic_getdebugvar
magic_getdefelem
magic_getnkeys
magic_getpack
magic_getpos
magic_getsig
magic_getsubstr
magic_gettaint
magic_getuvar
magic_getvec
magic_killbackrefs
magic_nextpack
magic_regdata_cnt
magic_regdatum_get
magic_regdatum_set
magic_scalarpack
magic_set
magic_set_all_env
magic_setarylen
magic_setcollxfrm
magic_setdbline
magic_setdebugvar
magic_setdefelem
magic_setenv
magic_sethook
magic_sethookall
magic_setisa
magic_setlvref
magic_setmglob
magic_setnkeys
magic_setnonelem
magic_setpack
magic_setpos
magic_setregexp
magic_setsig
magic_setsigall
magic_setsubstr
magic_settaint
magic_setutf8
magic_setuvar
magic_setvec
magic_sizepack
magic_wipepack
make_trie
malloc_good_size
malloced_size
markstack_grow
mbtowc_
mem_collxfrm_
mem_log_alloc
mem_log_del_sv
mem_log_free
mem_log_new_sv
mem_log_realloc
mg_find_mglob
mg_size
mode_from_discipline
more_bodies
more_sv
moreswitches
mortal_getenv
mortalized_pv_copy
mro_get_private_data
mro_meta_dup
mro_meta_init
msbit_pos32
msbit_pos64
multiconcat_stringify
multideref_stringify
my_atof2
my_atof3
my_attrs
my_clearenv
my_lstat
my_lstat_flags
my_memrchr
my_mkostemp_cloexec
my_mkstemp_cloexec
my_stat
my_stat_flags
my_strerror
my_unexec
_new_invlist_C_array
_new_invlist
new_stackinfo
new_stackinfo_flags
new_sv
newFORM
newMETHOP_internal
newPROG
newSTUB
newSVavdefelem
newXS_deffile
nextargv
no_bareword_allowed
no_bareword_filehandle
noperl_die
notify_parser_that_encoding_changed
oopsAV
oopsHV
op_clear
op_integerize
op_lvalue_flags
op_prune_chain_head
op_relocate_sv
op_std_init
op_varname
opmethod_stash
opslab_force_free
opslab_free
opslab_free_nopad
opslab_slot_offset
package
package_version
pad_add_weakref
padlist_store
padname_free
PadnameIN_SCOPE
padnamelist_free
parse_unicode_opts
parser_dup
parser_free
parser_free_nexttoke_ops
path_is_searchable
peep
perl_alloc_using
perl_clone_using
PerlEnv_putenv
PerlIO_context_layers
PerlIO_restore_errno
PerlIO_save_errno
PerlLIO_dup_cloexec
PerlLIO_dup2_cloexec
PerlLIO_open_cloexec
PerlLIO_open3_cloexec
PerlProc_pipe_cloexec
PerlSock_accept_cloexec
PerlSock_socket_cloexec
PerlSock_socketpair_cloexec
perly_sighandler
pmruntime
POPMARK
populate_anyof_bitmap_from_invlist
populate_bitmap_from_invlist
populate_invlist_from_bitmap
populate_isa
pregfree
pregfree2
prepare_export_lexical
ptr_hash
qerror
re_exec_indentf
re_indentf
re_intuit_start
re_intuit_string
re_op_compile
re_printf
ReANY
reentrant_free
reentrant_init
reentrant_retry
reentrant_size
ref
reg_add_data
reg_named_buff
reg_named_buff_all
reg_named_buff_exists
reg_named_buff_fetch
reg_named_buff_firstkey
reg_named_buff_iter
reg_named_buff_nextkey
reg_named_buff_scalar
reg_numbered_buff_fetch
reg_numbered_buff_fetch_flags
reg_numbered_buff_length
reg_numbered_buff_store
reg_qr_package
reg_skipcomment
reg_temp_copy
regcurly
regdump
regdupe_internal
regexec_flags
regfree_internal
reginitcolors
regnext
regnode_after
regprop
release_RExC_state
report_evil_fh
report_redefined_cv
report_wrongway_fh
resume_compcv
rpeep
rsignal_restore
rsignal_save
rvpv_dup
rxres_save
same_dirent
save_bool
save_clearsv
save_delete
save_destructor
save_destructor_x
save_freeop
save_freepv
save_freesv
save_int
save_iv
save_I8
save_I16
save_I32
save_mortalizesv
save_pptr
save_pushi32ptr
save_pushptrptr
save_re_context
save_sptr
save_strlen
savestack_grow
savestack_grow_cnt
sawparens
scalar
scalarvoid
scan_commit
scan_num
seed
set_ANYOF_arg
set_caret_X
set_numeric_standard
set_numeric_underlying
set_padlist
setfd_cloexec
setfd_cloexec_for_nonsysfd
setfd_cloexec_or_inhexec_by_sysfdness
setfd_inhexec
setfd_inhexec_for_sysfd
_setup_canned_invlist
share_hek
should_warn_nl
should_we_output_Debug_r
sighandler
sighandler1
sighandler3
single_1bit_pos32
single_1bit_pos64
size_to_psize
Slab_Alloc
Slab_Free
Slab_to_ro
Slab_to_rw
softref2xv
sortsv_flags_impl
ssc_init
stack_grow
str_to_version
strxfrm
study_chunk
sub_crush_depth
subsignature_append_positional
subsignature_append_slurpy
subsignature_finish
subsignature_start
sv_add_backref
sv_buf_to_ro
sv_can_swipe_pv_buf
sv_del_backref
sv_i_ncmp
sv_i_ncmp_desc
sv_magicext_mglob
sv_mark_arenas
sv_ncmp
sv_ncmp_desc
sv_only_taint_gmagic
sv_or_pv_pos_u2b
sv_pvbyten_force_wrapper
sv_pvutf8n_force_wrapper
sv_resetpvn
sv_sethek
sv_sweep_arenas
sv_unglob
sv_2iv
sv_2uv
SvTRUE_common
switch_locale_context
sys_init
sys_init3
sys_intern_clear
sys_intern_dup
sys_intern_init
sys_term
tied_method
tmps_grow_p
_to_fold_latin1
to_uni_fold
_to_uni_fold_flags
to_uni_lower
to_uni_title
to_uni_upper
_to_upper_title_latin1
_to_utf8_fold_flags
_to_utf8_lower_flags
_to_utf8_title_flags
_to_utf8_upper_flags
TOPMARK
translate_substr_offsets
try_amagic_bin
try_amagic_un
unlnk
unshare_hek
unwind_paren
utf8_to_bytes_
utf8_to_uv_msgs_helper_
utf16_to_utf8
utf16_to_utf8_base
utf16_to_utf8_reversed
utilize
uvoffuni_to_utf8_flags_msgs
variant_byte_number
varname
vivify_defelem
vivify_ref
wait4pid
warn_elem_scalar_context
warn_problematic_locale
was_lvalue_sub
watch
win32_croak_not_implemented
write_to_stderr
xs_boot_epilog
XS_builtin_indexed
xs_handshake
yyerror
yyerror_pv
yyerror_pvn
yylex
yyparse
yyquit
yyunlex

Next are the experimental undocumented elements

alloc_LOGOP            get_vtbl
av_remove_offset       gimme_V
clear_defarray_simple  hv_backreferences_p
create_eval_scope      hv_kill_backrefs
cv_ckproto_len_flags   invlist_highest_range_start
cx_popblock            invlist_lowest
cx_popeval             new_warnings_bitfield
cx_popformat           newGP
cx_popgiven            op_refcnt_dec
cx_poploop             op_refcnt_inc
cx_popsub              op_unscope
cx_popsub_args         pop_stackinfo
cx_popsub_common       pp_wrap
cx_popwhen             push_stackinfo
cx_pushblock           rpp_free_2_
cx_pusheval            rpp_obliterate_stack_to
cx_pushformat          rpp_replace_2_1_COMMON
cx_pushgiven           runops_wrap
cx_pushloop_for        scan_str
cx_pushloop_plain      scan_word
cx_pushsub             skipspace_flags
cx_pushtry             sv_free2
cx_pushwhen            sv_kill_backrefs
cx_topblock            sv_setpv_freshbuf
delete_eval_scope      sv_setsv_cow
do_open_raw            switch_argstack
do_open6               utf8_to_utf16_base
emulate_cop_io         xs_wrap
get_re_arg

Finally are the deprecated undocumented elements. Do not use any for new code; remove all occurrences of all of these from existing code.

get_no_modify  get_opargs  get_ppaddr  uvuni_to_utf8

The autodocumentation system was originally added to the Perl core by Benjamin Stuhl. Documentation is by whoever was kind enough to document their functions.

#SEE ALSO

config.h, perlapi, perlapio, perlcall, perlclib, perlembed, perlfilter, perlguts, perlhacktips, perlinterp, perliol, perlmroapi, perlreapi, perlreguts, perlxs

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