A novel process and system for flexibly adding supplemental digital program content such as, for example, transactional advertising content, games, polls, contests, interactive music videos, and e-commerce content generally and the like, into pre-prepared digital media files, such as an MP3 audio file or the like, for playback by digital playback apparatus, wherein the pre-prepared media file is modified by embedding therein executable code representing such supplemental program content, and enabling the playback apparatus to decode and execute the presentation of the supplemental program material as an addition to the playback of the pre-prepared media file content.
DescriptionThe present invention relates to the field of digital computer systems as embodied in digital media playback apparatus such as players for playing or permitting the viewing by playback of one or more of audio, video, still image, 3-D or other media formats of a wide variety of types; and, more particularly, to imbuing such systems with an extended capability to supplement their pre-prepared presentations with graphic, interactive and/or e-commerce content such as transactional advertising, interactive music videos and the like, and e-commerce generally, through novel techniques for seamlessly embedding executable program code representing such supplementary content into the various types of pre-prepared media files that the various players or viewers may executeâthe invention being particularly, though by no means exclusively, highly useful with âMP3â media formats and the like, later discussed.
There has been extensive prior use of the general concept of embedding various types of information in video, audio, sound, text, and other multimedia formats. There are two main approaches that have heretofore been employed to achieve these ends:
Examples of the second type of approach arise frequently in communication and entertainment media; for example, the backwards compatibility of color-television broadcast, or the transmission of subtitles and other information embedded in a video signal. Another example of a very popular application is the encoding of identification information in a media file so that it is robust to degradation, and transformation of the media file generally for purposes such as intellectual-property protectionâoften referred to as âwatermarkingâ. These techniques and others of similar character are directed, however, towards the embedding of relatively low bit-rate data, roughly on the order of 22 binary digits (bits) of data per second. Such data typically consists of short and simple ASCII text or other unique identifiers. In another application, a control code is used for a computer system, to provide a very short signal control code as for preventing the computer from copying a copy-protected data file.
Among prior patents illustrative of such and related techniques and uses are U.S. Pat. No. 4,379,947 (dealing with the transmitting of data simultaneously with audio); U.S. Pat. No. 5,185,800 (using bit allocation for transformed digital audio broadcasting signals with adaptive quantization based on psychoauditive criteria); U.S. Pat. No. 5,687,236 (steganographic techniques); U.S. Pat. No. 5,710,834 (code signals conveyed through graphic images); U.S. Pat. No. 5,832,119 (controlling systems by control signals embedded in empiricial data); U.S. Pat. No. 5,850,481 (embedded documents, but not for arbitrary data or computer code); U.S. Pat. No. 5,889,868 (digital watermarks in digital data); and U.S. Pat. No. 5,893,067 (echo data hiding in audio signals),
Prior publications describing such techniques include
Bender, W. D. Gruhl, M Morimoto and A. Lu, âTechniques for data hidingâ, IBM Systems Journal, Vol. 35, Nos. 3 & 4, 1996, p. 313-336;
MPEG Spec-ISO/IEC 11172, parts 1-3, Information TechnologyâCoding of moving pictures and associated audio for digital storage media at up to about 1.5 Mbit's, Copyright 1993, ISO/IEC; and
ID3v2 spec:
A survey of techniques for multimedia data labeling and particularly for copyright labeling using watermarking through encoding low bit-rate information is presented by Langelaar, G. C. et al in âCopy Protection for Multimedia Data based on Labeling Techniques
Underlying the present invention, however, is a novel technique for embedding a set of executable program instructions at high bit rates into a media file, without substantially affecting the user's playback experience of the media, and wherein, unlike prior art techniques, sequences of executable code are embedded in audio, video, image or sound formats, such as, for example, entertainment music or video programs or the like, which have not been specifically pre-designed as a container for, or to contain, such executable codes.
This supplemental embedding is done seamlessly and facilely, enabling supplementary graphic, interactive and/or e-commerce program content, such as the before-mentioned transactional and other advertising, interactive music videos, and e-commerce content, to be incorporated into the entertainment or other media files for execution by players and viewers while playing back the original entertainment or other media file material.
This technique has four main advantages:
1) executable code may be placed directly in the media file, simplifying content distribution and permitting the data and the executable code to be tightly integrated;
2) augmented viewers can transparently access the executable code;
3) existing viewers are backwards compatible and can still view the media file; and
4) large amounts of supplemental data may be facilely embedded in the media file
Using stegonographic techniques, moreover, the invention can embed data at very high bit rates. In one embodiment later discussed, for example, more than 3000 bits of executable code data per second are embedded in an MP3 audio file encoded at a bit-rate of 128,000 bits/sec. (later discussed in connection with Table 1 herein).
A principal object of the invention, accordingly, is to provide a new and improved process and system for seamlessly embedding executable program code into pre-prepared media file formats for execution by digital media player and viewing apparatus or systems and the like, to provide supplementary content such as the before-mentioned transactional advertising, games, interactive music videos, e-commerce and the like, for execution and presentation by the digital player and viewing apparatus or systems, while continuing to present the original pre-prepared media file programs.
A further object is to provide such a novel technique that is particularly useful for âMP3â applications and the like.
Another object is to open up new methods of conducting business through enabling consumer and related digital media file or disc players and viewers and the like to present also supplemental transactional advertising and e-commerce functions and the like, as later more fully explained.
Other and further objects will be explained hereinafter and are more particularly delineated in the appended claims.
In summary, however, from one of its broader points of view, the invention embraces a process for supplementing pre-prepared media digital file content to be performed by a digital playback apparatus, with supplemental digital program content, that comprises, preparing such supplemental digital program content in the form of executable code; and embedding the executable code into the pre-prepared media file for execution by the playback apparatus supplementary to the playback of the pre-prepared media file content.
From another viewpoint, the invention provides a system for flexibly adding supplemental digital program content to the playback of a pre-prepared media file by digital playback apparatus, comprising, means for modifying the pre-prepared media digital file to embed sequences of executable code therein representing such supplemental program content; means provided in the digital playback apparatus for decoding the embedded code during playback of the modified media file at the digital playback apparatus; and, in addition to means for playing back of the pre-prepared content of the media file, means provided at the digital playback apparatus responsive to the decoding for also presenting thereat the supplemental program content.
Preferred and best mode embodiments, designs, applications and implementations will be later fully described.
The invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings,
FIGS. 1 a, 1 b and 1 c of which are pictorial diagrams illustrative of novel supplementary presentations achievable by the use of sequences of embedded executable code of the present invention, with consumer and other digital âMP3â players;
FIG. 1 is a block and flow diagram showing an overview of the encoding process and system operating in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a similar diagram presenting an overview of the decoding of the media file embedded with the executable code created in FIG. 1 , as executed by the media player or viewer;
FIG. 3 is again a diagram similar to FIG. 1 , but detailed to show encoding for the illustrative specific example of MPEG audio (discussed in the earlier-referenced âMPEG Specâ publication), with id3v2 encoding (discussed in the previously cited âID3v2 Specâ);
FIGS. 4 and 5 are similar diagrams directed respectively to using ancillary bits encoding and private stream encoding with the MPEG.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the incorporation of the previously (and later) discussed steganographic techniques into the encoding; and
FIG. 7 illustrates the use of the before-mentioned watermarking processes with the encoding technique of the invention.
Before describing the preferred implementations of the novel process and systems of the invention, it is believed necessary to define and provide illustrative examples of the various terms and system components involved.
As earlier stated, and underlying the invention, is the overall concept of providing and novelly embedding in multi-media formats, executable code representing content supplemental to the present-day pre-prepared content of multi-media files (audio, video, still image, 3-D, combinations thereof, or other media formats) that are provided to be played or viewed by digital computer systems or apparatus (such as portable music players, PDAs or personal digital assistants, digital televisions, car stereos, home audio systems, video walls, Web TV, console and portable digital game devices and the like). By seamlessly embedding such sequences of supplemental content executable code in the pre-prepared media file, the player or viewer apparatus, in decoding the code, can also present such supplemental or additional content (for example, ads, interactive music videos, e-commerce, games, polls, and contests etc., as earlier mentioned), while presenting the pre-prepared program of the media fileâadding immeasurable additional information and facilities and significantly also increasing business and customer opportunities as a result thereofâin fact, a new method of doing or conducting such business at the player or viewer apparatus.
Referring to FIGS. 1 a, 1 b and 1 c, for example, the addition of graphical, interactive and e-commerce-enabled content through the sequenced executable code embedding in the media file in accordance with present invention, is illustrated as presented upon exemplary well-known present-day widely distributed âMP3â audio players. The abbreviation âMP3â describes an MPEG layer III audio fileâa standard audio file format in wide use today throughout the world, as described in the published standard ISO/IEC 11172-3. The abbreviation MPEG stands for the audio and video compressed formats developed by the Motion Picture Experts Group, and formalized by ISO/IEC JTC1, as the before-mentioned International Standard ISO/IEC 11172, parts 1-3. Part 1 addresses the System; Part 2 is Video; and Part 3 is Audio Encoding.
In FIG. 1 a, the embedding of a 468Ã60 pixel interactive banner ad [the âUnited Colors Of Benettonâ] into the MP3 stream is shown displayed within a âFree Ampâ type MP3 playerâadding media presentation to the player music [the âPaint It Blackâ song]. This enables advertiser-sponsored music files, using the music to sell products. The facility for promoting and marketing directly to whatever demographic may be desired is thus opened up by the invention, also enabling the subsidizing of music distribution as well.
Similar opening-up of new avenues is provided in FIG. 1 b, illustrating the embedding of executable code (in this case, an interactive music video which responds to and is synchronized with the user's mouse movement and the beat of the music, as illustrated by the dancing figures), within a well-known commercial âSoniqueâ MP3 player.
As a third example of the new business solicitation opportunities afforded by the present invention, FIG. 1 c illustrates the embedding of executable code (in this case, an e-commerce application with a graphical user interface), allowing the user to buy tickets (so-labeled) or a CD, within another well-known commercial version of the Sonique MP3 player. This opens up a new and previously unavailable avenue of embedded point-of-purchase sales, enabling fully transactional ads and merchandising directly to the listener at the playback apparatus.
Further in accordance with the novel technique of the invention, the embedding of this executable code in the media file is seamlessly effected in such a way, as later explained, that compatible players/viewers are able to extract the executable code and perform operations based on it, while incompatible players/viewers are still able to play the media file as if there were no additional embedded information. Currently, none of these players of the type shown in FIG. 1 a, 1 b and 1 c support displays such as illustrated; they only allow for the extraction of limited data such as song titles and lyrics information from the MP3 stream, and for separately downloaded code (âpluginsâ) which can be executed while the MP3 is playing. They do not allow for the embedding of sequences of executable code in the MP3 stream as is effected by the present invention.
Examples of the types of media files susceptible to operating with the embedded executable code sequence programs of the invention include, but are not limited to, the previously enumerated audio, video, still image, 3-D, or a combination of these or other media formats. Among these are MP3, SDMI, CD audio, AIFF, AU, WAV RealAudio Quicktime, MPEG, AVI, JPEG, JFIF, GIF, PNG, TIFF, DXF, or VRML.
Among the types of executable code programs which may be embedded into such media files are Java files, Macromedia Director, Shockwave or Flash, Perl, VRML, TCL, Visual Basic, machine code, byte codes, any archive format such as cab, jar or zip; or any combination of any of these programs with any non-executable media, including but not limited to image, audio, 3-D, or text. The content may be, but is not limited to, advertising, as previously mentioned, entertainment, utilities, applications, education, design, interactive advertising, transactional merchandising, or interactive content such as music videos, games, polls and contests, and the like.
It is now in order to explain how the encoding and code embedding in the pre-prepared media file may be implemented in accordance with the invention. Reference is accordingly made to FIG. 1 wherein a pre-prepared media file, so-labeled, (audio, image, video, 3-D, database, or other multimedia data as before mentioned), and a predetermined prepared executable code sequence (such as the previously mentioned computer program Java class files, Macromedia Shockwave and Flash, binary executables, byte codes, Visual Basic, Java Script, etc.) are shown fed to an encoding processor for embedding the code sequences, such as, for example, of the encoding types later described. Well-known encoding processes may be used depending on the media file format and any well-known compression techniques for the media file to be created, as later discussed. There then results a modified media file with embedded executable code without affecting its backwards compatibility with existing file formats, and without substantially affecting the user's experience of playback of the pre-prepared media file content.
It is to be noted, moreover, that the invention embeds sequences of executable code representing content supplemental to the pre-prepared content of the media file, into media formats that have not been specifically predesigned as a container for, or to contain any such executable code. The code is placed directly into the media file, simplifying content distribution and permitting the data and executable code to be tightly integrated as earlier noted.
At the player or viewer playback apparatus, FIG. 2 , the media file with the embedded executable code is shown fed to a decoding processor, such as later described. The original pre-prepared media file content [the âPaint It Blackâ song of FIG. 1 a, for example] is usually unchanged in the decoding process because it may often be unfeasible to remove the executable code and because doing so would not typically improve the user's playback experience, and is shown communicating on the left-hand side of FIG. 2 with the media player apparatus of the playback environment. The decoded executable code [representing the âUnited Colors Of Benettonâ display content of FIG. 1 a, for example], bitwise identical to the original executable code encoded in FIG. 1 , is fed (right-hand side in FIG. 2 ) to the execution part of the playback environment. As an optional feature, a well-known checksum or digital signature is shown usable at âVerification Processâ, to verify that the code is unchanged before it is executed.
Where desired, moreover, the execution of the executable code [the âUnited Colors Of Benettonâ display above discussed, for example] may be synchronized by well-known communication with the player playback of the media file [the song âPaint It Blackâ or a selected portion thereof], as schematically shown by the legend âSYNCâ.
As a more specific example, FIG. 3 diagrams the use of the before-described MPEG audio file into which the executable code is to be embedded. Reference is again made to the earlier cited âMPEG Specâ and âID3v2 Specâ publicationsâthe MPEG audio file being (though not limited to) an MPEG-1, MPEG-2, or MPEG-2.5 file, to be encoded using the Layer I, II, or III encodings. As in FIG. 1 , the executable code, so-labeled in FIG. 3 , may be in any kind of computer programs such as Java class files, Macromedia Shock wave and Flash, binary executables, byte codes, Visual Basic, Java Script, etc. The executable code is first shown unsynchronized by modifying any consecutive bytes of form % 1111111 111 xxxxx so that they do not resemble a synchronization byte in the MPEG audio stream. The code is then encapsulated in ID3v2 format, documented at the public web site http://id3.org, and inserted in the encoding process, as shown, at the beginning of the MP3 audio stream as an ID3v2 tag. This results in an MPEG audio file with the embedded executable code, backwards compatible but slightly larger to accommodate the embedded code, and with the audio data unaffected, and any occurrences of the MPEG sync signal taken care of by the unsynchronization scheme.
More specifically, a preferred encoding system will now be detailed for such an MPEG audio stream, particularly with reference to the beforeâcited publicly available ID3v2.3.0 specification (âID3v2â), located at http://www.id 3.org/id3v2.3.0.html. There are a number of existing content types described in the ID3v2 spec, there named âframesâ. Frames are defined primarily for the ASCII text data such as song titles and lyrics, or for a still image to be embedded in the MPEG audio file. In this description, we create and define a new type of ID3 frame, named âEXECâ, which is designed as a container for executable content, generally intended to be executed while the audio is playing.
In the following description, the notation $xx is used to refer to a hexadecimal-encoded octet, e.g., $00 represents the eight binary digits 00000000. The first four octets of this frame are the ISO-8859-1 (ASCI I) characters âEXECâ. This, in turn, is followed by a four-octet Size header and a two-octet Flags header, as described in the ID3v2 specification. This is followed by $00, to represent the use of ISO-8859-1 text encoding within the frame, or by $01, to represent the use of ISO/IEC 10646-1 (Unicode) text encoding, later referenced. The next element is the ISO 8859-1 encoded MIME type of the executable content, as described in IETF RFC 2045, also later referenced, followed by $00. For example, the MIME type of the before-mentioned Macromedia Flash files is âapplication/x-shockwave-flashâ. This is followed by a description of the executable code in the text encoding defined for that frame, terminated by $00 if the encoding is ASCI I, or $00 $00 if the encoding is Unicode. This is followed by a single octet, which is $00 if there is no checksum, or $01 if there is a checksum, as described in connection with FIG. 2 . If there is a checksum, this is followed by a checksum created by summing the octets of the executable code together, and taking the result modulo 256. This is useful because this lets the executable code be examined before executing, to reduce the possibility that there have been transmission errors that might cause erroneous instructions to be executed.
The final element is the binary or ASC II dam of the executable code to be embedded in the MPEG data stream. As earlier explained, in FIG. 3 , it is necessary to perform the âunsynchronizationâ step within the executable code, where any occurrences of the bit sequence 11111111 111xxxxx, where âxâ represents a bit which may either be 0 or 1, must be replaced. This is because MPEG players use such a bit sequence to identify the beginning of the audio data, and would otherwise begin interpreting the executable code as audio data. In the unsynchronization technique defined in the ID3v2 specification, all such sequences are replaced with the sequence: 11111111 00000000 111xxxxx. Additionally, all sequences of the form $FF $00 are replaced with the sequence $FF $00 $00.
The EXEC frame of the invention just described is then embedded in the ID3v2 tag as described in the ID3v2 specification. The resulting ID3v2 tag is then placed at the beginning of the MPEG audio stream, FIG. 3 , using the standard techniques described in the ID3v2 specification.
In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the decoding process is a simple reversal of the encoding process above-detailed. The ID3v2 tag is extracted from the beginning of the MPEG audio stream, and the relevant data is retrieved from the EXEC frame. The unsynchronization step in the executable code is then reversed, replacing all occurrences of $FF 00 XX by the sequence $FF XX, where XX represents any binary octets. If there is a checksum encoded in the EXEC frame, the octets of the executable code are summed, the result taken modulo 256, and compared with the encoded checksum. If they are equal, then execution proceeds.
Based on the MIME type of the executable code, an appropriate execution environment is instantiated. In the case of the application/x-shockwave-flash type discussed previously, a reference execution environment is described by Macromedia in the Flash Standards Web page
The execution environment is then invoked to begin execution of the executable code simultaneously with the playback of the audio file. Additional Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) may be defined with reference to the execution environment to control the exact behavior of the execution environment relative to the audio file while playback is occurring.
Specific references for fuller details of the above-explained techniques usable in the encoding and decoding process components of the invention, are:
[ISO-8859-1] ISO/IEC DIS 8859-1. 8-bit single-byte coded character sets, Part 1: Latin alphabet No. 1. Technical committee/ subcommittee JTC 1/SC 2.
[MIME] Freed, N. and N. Borenstein, âMultipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part One: Format of Internet message Bodiesâ, RFC 2045, November 1996. and
[UNICODE] ISO/IEC 10646-1: 1993. Universal Multiple-Octet coded Character Set (UCS), Part 1: Architecture and Basic Multilingual Plane. Technical committee/subcommittee: JTC1/SC 2
A further modification is illustrated in FIG. 4 wherein, for example, the MPEG audio file allows for ancillary bits at the end of an audio packet for padding purposes. In MPEG-2 these bits are used to encode surround sound data. The MPEG audio file is there shown subjected to additional compression to insure room for the insertion of executable code at the end of audio frames. To improve the quality of the audio compression process, it may be best to recompress from the uncompressed audio file, rather than recompressing the MPEG audio at a lower bit-rate. As illustrated in FIG. 4 , this is then combined in the encoding process with the executable code, with the insertion thereof at the end of the audio data in each audio frame. As above stated, since MPEG-2 uses the ancillary bits to encode surround sound data, it is necessary to ensure that the embedded code is not misinterpreted as surround sound audio data. The resulting media file with its embedded executable code is again backwards compatible, but the audio quality may be slightly, though entirely acceptably, diminished due to the additional compression.
Another MPEG variant modification is illustrated in FIG. 5 , providing for additional âprivateâ streams of data to be encoded in addition to the standard audio and video streams of the MPEG file. As shown, the executable code is encoded in one or more private data packets, using either synchronized or unsynchronized private data streams, and inserted in the encoding process into the existing MPEG file. The executable code-embedded media file that results, has a slightly increased file size to accommodate the executable code.
As earlier mentioned, steganographic techniques may be usefully employed, particularly in those applications such as digital âwatermarkingâ (see, for example, earlier cited U.S. Pat. No. 5,889,868 and the Langelaar article). FIG. 6 illustrates encoding in accordance with the process of the present invention using such steganographic techniques, which enables embedding much more then the prior art 300 bits/second of executable code.
As shown on the left-hand side of the figure, the media file is subjected to a selection process involving selecting appropriate locations in the media file at which to embed data, based on the identification of minor changes that can be made to the actual media file content with minimal effects to the user's playback experience of the file. These changes, moreover, must be such that they can easily be detected by automated decoding, and the information accordingly recovered. Meanwhile, on the executable code side (right-hand in FIG. 6 ), the code is transformed into a bit stream, as shown, by extracting the bytes of the executable code into a bit-by-bit representation, so that they can be inserted as such small changes into the media file. The thusly transformed executable code is then, in this steganographic encoding process, inserted at the appropriate locations of the media file by any well-known encoding technique, including those, for example, of earlier cited U.S. Pat. No. 5,687,236. The resulting executable code-embedded media file may, in some cases, slightly, but again totally acceptably, diminish the user's usual playback experience due to the embedding process.
In FIG. 7 , the imbuing of the media file with a robust watermark and embedded executable code is illustrated. Most watermarking processes, including those earlier referenced, are robust and are not easily removed by modification of tile media file, so they are not affected by a later encoding process to embed the executable code, as shown in FIG. 7 , wherein the data embedding is illustrated as effected after watermarking. This accommodates for data embedding techniques not robust to modifications of the media file,
We have performed successful preliminary tests of several of these various encoding-techniques of the invention. Using an exemplary audio file taken from the song âJealousyâ by Natalie Merchant, we encoded as an MP3 at 128 kbits/sec, using Fraunhofer's mp3enc encoder. The encoded portion of the file is 30 seconds long, and is 720 kilobytes in size. The primary encoding technique chosen was the Phase/Magnitude Frequency-Domain Low-Bit Coding Technique, while varying the interval at which data was encoded in the file.
The successful results are as shown in Table 1 below:
TABLE I Date Rate Affected Files Embedding Interval Achieved Sound Quality Original CD none none original mp3 none none slight compression artifacts mp3 w/ data 1 bit/16 coefficients 2800 bits/sec close to original mp3 1 bit/8 coefficients 5600 bits/ sec 1 bit/4 coefficients 11200 bits/secâ some artifactsThe use of low-bit coding in which the least-significant bits of an audio portion of a media file are used, may be applied so as to spread the introduced noise substantially equally throughout the audio spectrum of the media file, thus reducing its perceived effect. Frequency-domain low-bit coding may also be used for encoding, in which the least-significant bits of the coefficients of the compressed audio portion of the media file are used.
Further modifications will also occur to those skilled in this art, and are considered to fall within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
35. A method of conducting advertising and e-commerce business through an expanded use of audio digital media playing apparatus, that comprises, seamlessly embedding in digital entertainment media audio files pre-prepared for entertainment playback by said apparatus, executable code representing a supplementary digital advertising and e-commerce business solicitation program content media audio file; and modifying said apparatus to enable also decoding of said code by the apparatus so as to enable playback at said apparatus of said business solicitation program content media audio file as a supplement to the playback of the entertainment file thereby to provide business solicitation opportunities not previously provided at such apparatus.
36. The method of claim 35 wherein the media file contains audio MPEG formats and said playback apparatus is adapted for playing MP3 data streams of such formats.
US11/197,716 1999-09-03 2005-08-04 Process of and system for seamlessly embedding executable program code into media file formats such as MP3 and the like for execution by digital media player and viewing systems Abandoned US20050273491A1 (en) Priority Applications (3) Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title US11/197,716 US20050273491A1 (en) 1999-09-03 2005-08-04 Process of and system for seamlessly embedding executable program code into media file formats such as MP3 and the like for execution by digital media player and viewing systems US12/117,522 US8694665B2 (en) 1999-09-03 2008-05-08 System and method for embedding supplementary data into digital media files US14/182,619 US9799372B2 (en) 1999-09-03 2014-02-18 System and method for embedding supplementary data into digital media files Applications Claiming Priority (2) Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title US09/389,942 US7188186B1 (en) 1999-09-03 1999-09-03 Process of and system for seamlessly embedding executable program code into media file formats such as MP3 and the like for execution by digital media player and viewing systems US11/197,716 US20050273491A1 (en) 1999-09-03 2005-08-04 Process of and system for seamlessly embedding executable program code into media file formats such as MP3 and the like for execution by digital media player and viewing systems Related Parent Applications (1) Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date US09/389,942 Division US7188186B1 (en) 1999-09-03 1999-09-03 Process of and system for seamlessly embedding executable program code into media file formats such as MP3 and the like for execution by digital media player and viewing systems Related Child Applications (1) Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date US12/117,522 Continuation US8694665B2 (en) 1999-09-03 2008-05-08 System and method for embedding supplementary data into digital media files Publications (1) Family ID=23540410 Family Applications (4) Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date US09/389,942 Expired - Fee Related US7188186B1 (en) 1999-09-03 1999-09-03 Process of and system for seamlessly embedding executable program code into media file formats such as MP3 and the like for execution by digital media player and viewing systems US11/197,716 Abandoned US20050273491A1 (en) 1999-09-03 2005-08-04 Process of and system for seamlessly embedding executable program code into media file formats such as MP3 and the like for execution by digital media player and viewing systems US12/117,522 Expired - Lifetime US8694665B2 (en) 1999-09-03 2008-05-08 System and method for embedding supplementary data into digital media files US14/182,619 Expired - Lifetime US9799372B2 (en) 1999-09-03 2014-02-18 System and method for embedding supplementary data into digital media files Family Applications Before (1) Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date US09/389,942 Expired - Fee Related US7188186B1 (en) 1999-09-03 1999-09-03 Process of and system for seamlessly embedding executable program code into media file formats such as MP3 and the like for execution by digital media player and viewing systems Family Applications After (2) Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date US12/117,522 Expired - Lifetime US8694665B2 (en) 1999-09-03 2008-05-08 System and method for embedding supplementary data into digital media files US14/182,619 Expired - Lifetime US9799372B2 (en) 1999-09-03 2014-02-18 System and method for embedding supplementary data into digital media files Country Status (8) Cited By (13) * Cited by examiner, â Cited by third party Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title US20060020557A1 (en) * 2002-08-28 2006-01-26 Nixon Michael L Systems and methods for distributing, obtaining and using digital media files US20070022056A1 (en) * 2005-07-23 2007-01-25 Dino Scorziello Anti-piracy method for digital works US20070188823A1 (en) * 2006-01-17 2007-08-16 Yasuhisa Koide Image processing apparatus and image processing method US20070250715A1 (en) * 2006-04-19 2007-10-25 Yigang Cai File sharing control using digital watermarks US20080222274A1 (en) * 2007-03-09 2008-09-11 Joshua Millstein Method and system for an interactive, web-based environment US20080225750A1 (en) * 2007-03-13 2008-09-18 Andrei Jefremov Method of transmitting data in a communication system US20100153973A1 (en) * 2008-12-12 2010-06-17 Microsoft Corporation Ultra-Wideband Radio Controller Driver (URCD)-PAL Interface WO2010080740A3 (en) * 2009-01-07 2010-09-23 Spolar Margaret M System combininig and bundling commericial products, items having monetary value, business transactions, and entertainment US20110029110A1 (en) * 2009-07-30 2011-02-03 Sony Corporation Mobile audio player with individualized radio program US20130004014A1 (en) * 2011-06-30 2013-01-03 Howard Oliver Hickman Geotagging of audio recordings US8555052B2 (en) 2007-02-13 2013-10-08 The Trustees Of The Stevens Institute Of Technology Data hiding based messages and advertisements US20150026185A1 (en) * 2006-11-13 2015-01-22 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Content classification method and content reproduction apparatus capable of performing the method US9509618B2 (en) 2007-03-13 2016-11-29 Skype Method of transmitting data in a communication system Families Citing this family (99) * Cited by examiner, â Cited by third party Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title US7224819B2 (en) 1995-05-08 2007-05-29 Digimarc Corporation Integrating digital watermarks in multimedia content US8379908B2 (en) 1995-07-27 2013-02-19 Digimarc Corporation Embedding and reading codes on objects US6636733B1 (en) 1997-09-19 2003-10-21 Thompson Trust Wireless messaging method US6826407B1 (en) 1999-03-29 2004-11-30 Richard J. Helferich System and method for integrating audio and visual messaging US6253061B1 (en) 1997-09-19 2001-06-26 Richard J. Helferich Systems and methods for delivering information to a transmitting and receiving device US7003304B1 (en) 1997-09-19 2006-02-21 Thompson Investment Group, Llc Paging transceivers and methods for selectively retrieving messages US6983138B1 (en) * 1997-12-12 2006-01-03 Richard J. Helferich User interface for message access US7502759B2 (en) * 1999-08-30 2009-03-10 Digimarc Corporation Digital watermarking methods and related toy and game applications US7082567B1 (en) * 1999-10-18 2006-07-25 Rose Blush Software Llc Enhanced human computer user interface system for searching and browsing documents US8275658B2 (en) * 2000-01-21 2012-09-25 Ads In Downloads, Llc Method and apparatus for embedding advertisements in audio files for internet and network distribution US8819723B1 (en) * 2000-04-27 2014-08-26 The Directv Group, Inc. System and method for brokering auxiliary data broadcasting services US20020024539A1 (en) * 2000-05-08 2002-02-28 Columbia University System and method for content-specific graphical user interfaces CA2412984A1 (en) 2000-07-06 2002-01-10 Josslyn Motha Meyer Steganographic embedding of data in digital signals US6985934B1 (en) 2000-10-23 2006-01-10 Binham Communications Corporation Method and system for providing rich media content over a computer network AU2002241626A1 (en) * 2000-11-22 2002-06-11 Digimarc Corporation Watermark communication and control systems US6965683B2 (en) * 2000-12-21 2005-11-15 Digimarc Corporation Routing networks for use with watermark systems US20030192060A1 (en) * 2001-01-30 2003-10-09 Levy Kenneth L. Digital watermarking and television services KR20020065250A (en) * 2001-02-06 2002-08-13 ê°ì©í¬ Processing Method for overlaying Contents on Moving Picture and Processing Method for Electronic Mail using the same and A computer-readable Storage Medium for executing the above Method US7359944B2 (en) * 2001-02-07 2008-04-15 Lg Electronics Inc. Method of providing digital electronic book US7797431B2 (en) * 2001-02-09 2010-09-14 Willard Case Enhanced data exchange and functionality control system and method US7249190B2 (en) * 2001-02-09 2007-07-24 Comlet Technologies, Llc. Enhanced data exchange and presentation/communication system US20020128906A1 (en) * 2001-03-09 2002-09-12 Stephen Belth Marketing system US7146434B2 (en) * 2002-05-15 2006-12-05 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Method for downloading data via the internet to a browser enabled computer US7191193B2 (en) 2003-01-02 2007-03-13 Catch Media Automatic digital music library builder US8666524B2 (en) * 2003-01-02 2014-03-04 Catch Media, Inc. Portable music player and transmitter US7761176B2 (en) * 2003-01-02 2010-07-20 Catch Media, Inc. Promotional portable music players US20060107330A1 (en) * 2003-01-02 2006-05-18 Yaacov Ben-Yaacov Method and system for tracking and managing rights for digital music US8918195B2 (en) * 2003-01-02 2014-12-23 Catch Media, Inc. Media management and tracking US8732086B2 (en) * 2003-01-02 2014-05-20 Catch Media, Inc. Method and system for managing rights for digital music US8644969B2 (en) 2003-01-02 2014-02-04 Catch Media, Inc. Content provisioning and revenue disbursement US20040210538A1 (en) * 2003-04-16 2004-10-21 Bruce Forest Method of generating or increasing product sales through the dissemination of on-line content for free over a distributed computer network US8230094B1 (en) 2003-04-29 2012-07-24 Aol Inc. Media file format, system, and method US8043152B2 (en) * 2003-07-03 2011-10-25 Igt Methods and system for providing paper-based outcomes US8407752B2 (en) * 2004-03-18 2013-03-26 Digimarc Corporation Synchronizing broadcast content with corresponding network content US7846017B2 (en) * 2004-07-06 2010-12-07 Igt Methods and apparatus for facilitating remote viewing of gaming outcomes US8366531B2 (en) * 2004-07-06 2013-02-05 Igt Methods and systems for determining and selling wagering game outcomes to be viewed remotely US9171421B2 (en) * 2004-07-06 2015-10-27 Igt Methods and systems for determining a batch run of sessions US20060075425A1 (en) * 2004-10-05 2006-04-06 Robert Koch System, method and computer program for content management in conjunction with a file download US9167301B2 (en) * 2004-10-05 2015-10-20 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Methods and computer program products for taking a secondary action responsive to receipt of an advertisement US20060075427A1 (en) * 2004-10-05 2006-04-06 Robert Koch Methods, apparatus, and computer program products for recording media files US20060075455A1 (en) * 2004-10-05 2006-04-06 Robert Koch Digital rights management and payment for a file download US20060075452A1 (en) * 2004-10-05 2006-04-06 Robert Koch Methods, systems, and computer program products for implementing interactive content-based activities US8806537B2 (en) 2004-10-05 2014-08-12 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Methods, systems, and computer program products for implementing interactive control of radio and other media US9478095B2 (en) * 2005-02-15 2016-10-25 Igt Methods and systems for determining and selling wagering game outcomes to be viewed remotely US9168452B2 (en) 2005-03-29 2015-10-27 Igt Methods and systems for determining and selling outcomes for drawing games to be viewed remotely US7708635B2 (en) * 2005-03-29 2010-05-04 Igt Methods and systems for determining and selling outcomes for slot machine games to be viewed remotely US20080119953A1 (en) * 2005-04-07 2008-05-22 Iofy Corporation Device and System for Utilizing an Information Unit to Present Content and Metadata on a Device WO2006116676A2 (en) * 2005-04-28 2006-11-02 Wms Gaming Inc. Wagering game device having ubiquitous character set US9033785B2 (en) * 2005-05-27 2015-05-19 Igt Methods and systems for providing accessory devices usable to facilitate remotely viewable wagering game outcomes CN1901040A (en) * 2005-07-22 2007-01-24 鸿å¯é¦ç²¾å¯å·¥ä¸ï¼æ·±å³ï¼æéå ¬å¸ Precision audiofrequency analyzer audiofrequency verifying and analyzing method US8060747B1 (en) 2005-09-12 2011-11-15 Microsoft Corporation Digital signatures for embedded code US20070118544A1 (en) * 2005-11-04 2007-05-24 David Lundquist Customized standard format media files US8190902B2 (en) * 2006-02-27 2012-05-29 Microsoft Corporation Techniques for digital signature formation and verification US8205087B2 (en) * 2006-02-27 2012-06-19 Microsoft Corporation Tool for digitally signing multiple documents US20080005653A1 (en) * 2006-06-30 2008-01-03 Viswanathan Swaminathan Method and apparatus for facilitating Java-based self-organizing media US20080034277A1 (en) * 2006-07-24 2008-02-07 Chen-Jung Hong System and method of the same US9418519B2 (en) * 2006-12-04 2016-08-16 Igt Determining and selling outcomes for table games to be viewed remotely US8874468B2 (en) * 2007-04-20 2014-10-28 Google Inc. Media advertising US8560391B1 (en) 2007-06-15 2013-10-15 At&T Mobility Ii Llc Classification engine for dynamic E-advertisement content insertion US7992001B2 (en) * 2007-09-05 2011-08-02 International Business Machines Corporation Preventing execution of software without a dynamically generated key US8385554B2 (en) * 2007-09-05 2013-02-26 International Business Machines Corporation Preventing execution of pirated software US20110191809A1 (en) 2008-01-30 2011-08-04 Cinsay, Llc Viral Syndicated Interactive Product System and Method Therefor US8312486B1 (en) 2008-01-30 2012-11-13 Cinsay, Inc. Interactive product placement system and method therefor US11227315B2 (en) 2008-01-30 2022-01-18 Aibuy, Inc. Interactive product placement system and method therefor US9113214B2 (en) 2008-05-03 2015-08-18 Cinsay, Inc. Method and system for generation and playback of supplemented videos US10430491B1 (en) 2008-05-30 2019-10-01 On24, Inc. System and method for communication between rich internet applications US20100049567A1 (en) * 2008-08-20 2010-02-25 Gulrukh Ahanger System and method for integrated advertisement management US20100121667A1 (en) * 2008-11-12 2010-05-13 Gulrukh Ahanger System and method for integrated advertisement management US20100131346A1 (en) * 2008-11-26 2010-05-27 Morgan Robert J Method And System For Associating A Seller With Purchased Digital Content US8412577B2 (en) * 2009-03-03 2013-04-02 Digimarc Corporation Narrowcasting from public displays, and related methods US20100228611A1 (en) * 2009-03-06 2010-09-09 Research In Motion Limited System and method for associating content and advertisement WO2010103442A1 (en) * 2009-03-13 2010-09-16 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Embedding and extracting ancillary data EP2481049A1 (en) * 2009-09-21 2012-08-01 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Method and device for processing audio data US8584120B2 (en) * 2009-11-23 2013-11-12 Julian Michael Urbach Stream-based software application delivery and launching system US8706812B2 (en) 2010-04-07 2014-04-22 On24, Inc. Communication console with component aggregation US11438410B2 (en) 2010-04-07 2022-09-06 On24, Inc. Communication console with component aggregation US10114660B2 (en) 2011-02-22 2018-10-30 Julian Michael Urbach Software application delivery and launching system US20120254454A1 (en) * 2011-03-29 2012-10-04 On24, Inc. Image-based synchronization system and method US9767195B2 (en) 2011-04-21 2017-09-19 Touchstream Technologies, Inc. Virtualized hosting and displaying of content using a swappable media player US8904289B2 (en) * 2011-04-21 2014-12-02 Touchstream Technologies, Inc. Play control of content on a display device US8949771B2 (en) * 2011-06-22 2015-02-03 Microsoft Corporation Media files including programming code and description AU2012302021B2 (en) 2011-08-29 2016-05-19 Aibuy, Inc. Containerized software for virally copying from one endpoint to another US9607330B2 (en) 2012-06-21 2017-03-28 Cinsay, Inc. Peer-assisted shopping US10789631B2 (en) 2012-06-21 2020-09-29 Aibuy, Inc. Apparatus and method for peer-assisted e-commerce shopping CN102819851B (en) * 2012-08-08 2015-03-18 æé½æç©ç½ç»ç§ææéå ¬å¸ Method for implementing sound pictures by using computer US8813154B1 (en) 2012-12-07 2014-08-19 American Megatrends, Inc. Injecting a code into video data without or with limited human perception by flashing the code US9318116B2 (en) 2012-12-14 2016-04-19 Disney Enterprises, Inc. Acoustic data transmission based on groups of audio receivers US8935734B2 (en) 2013-02-01 2015-01-13 Ebay Inc. Methods, systems and apparatus for configuring a system of content access devices US9875489B2 (en) 2013-09-11 2018-01-23 Cinsay, Inc. Dynamic binding of video content US10701127B2 (en) 2013-09-27 2020-06-30 Aibuy, Inc. Apparatus and method for supporting relationships associated with content provisioning KR20160064093A (en) 2013-09-27 2016-06-07 ì ì¸ì´, ì¸í¬. N-level replication of supplemental content US11429781B1 (en) 2013-10-22 2022-08-30 On24, Inc. System and method of annotating presentation timeline with questions, comments and notes using simple user inputs in mobile devices US10785325B1 (en) 2014-09-03 2020-09-22 On24, Inc. Audience binning system and method for webcasting and on-line presentations WO2016053264A1 (en) * 2014-09-30 2016-04-07 Hewlett Packard Enterprise Development Lp Executable code in a media file ES2900249T3 (en) * 2016-05-19 2022-03-16 Aizo Group Ag Method, control device and software product for controlling an apparatus based on a multimedia file US10235698B2 (en) 2017-02-28 2019-03-19 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Sound code recognition for broadcast media US11188822B2 (en) 2017-10-05 2021-11-30 On24, Inc. Attendee engagement determining system and method US11281723B2 (en) 2017-10-05 2022-03-22 On24, Inc. Widget recommendation for an online event using co-occurrence matrix US11443401B2 (en) * 2020-05-21 2022-09-13 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Digital watermarking Citations (30) * Cited by examiner, â Cited by third party Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title US5790753A (en) * 1996-01-22 1998-08-04 Digital Equipment Corporation System for downloading computer software programs US5838906A (en) * 1994-10-17 1998-11-17 The Regents Of The University Of California Distributed hypermedia method for automatically invoking external application providing interaction and display of embedded objects within a hypermedia document US5872588A (en) * 1995-12-06 1999-02-16 International Business Machines Corporation Method and apparatus for monitoring audio-visual materials presented to a subscriber US5929836A (en) * 1994-03-18 1999-07-27 Avid Technology, Inc. Media pipeline with mechanism for real-time addition of digital video effects US5930765A (en) * 1990-06-15 1999-07-27 Martin; John R. Downloading method for songs and advertisements US5974181A (en) * 1997-03-20 1999-10-26 Motorola, Inc. Data compression system, method, and apparatus US5983005A (en) * 1996-05-09 1999-11-09 Netcast Communications Corp. Multicasting method and apparatus US6014651A (en) * 1993-11-04 2000-01-11 Crawford; Christopher M. Commercial online software distribution systems and methods using encryption for security US6038591A (en) * 1996-12-09 2000-03-14 The Musicbooth Llc Programmed music on demand from the internet US6061403A (en) * 1997-06-10 2000-05-09 International Businbess Machines Corporation Computer program product for selectively reducing bandwidth of real-time video data US6157740A (en) * 1997-11-17 2000-12-05 International Business Machines Corporation Compression/decompression engine for enhanced memory storage in MPEG decoder US6157330A (en) * 1997-01-27 2000-12-05 U.S. Philips Corporation Embedding supplemental data in an encoded signal, such as audio / video watermarks US6185683B1 (en) * 1995-02-13 2001-02-06 Intertrust Technologies Corp. Trusted and secure techniques, systems and methods for item delivery and execution US6196920B1 (en) * 1998-03-31 2001-03-06 Masque Publishing, Inc. On-line game playing with advertising US6216152B1 (en) * 1997-10-27 2001-04-10 Sun Microsystems, Inc. Method and apparatus for providing plug in media decoders US6297853B1 (en) * 1993-02-14 2001-10-02 Orad Hi-Tech Systems Ltd. Apparatus and method for detecting, identifying and incorporating advertisements in a video image US20020002079A1 (en) * 1996-04-25 2002-01-03 Martin John R. Combination jukebox and game US6351736B1 (en) * 1999-09-03 2002-02-26 Tomer Weisberg System and method for displaying advertisements with played data US6357047B1 (en) * 1997-06-30 2002-03-12 Avid Technology, Inc. Media pipeline with multichannel video processing and playback US6411725B1 (en) * 1995-07-27 2002-06-25 Digimarc Corporation Watermark enabled video objects US20020094863A1 (en) * 1998-12-22 2002-07-18 John Klayh Remote establishment of game formulae and parameters auto-adjustment of par and score brackets e.g. from an administration terminal or terminals US6449680B1 (en) * 1999-02-12 2002-09-10 Compaq Computer Corporation Combined single-ended/differential data bus connector US6460086B1 (en) * 1998-12-01 2002-10-01 Sun Microsystems, Inc. Method and apparatus for delivery of a bytecode embedded within a transport stream US6486920B2 (en) * 1997-12-19 2002-11-26 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Method and apparatus for producing program information and receiving apparatus for processing the program information US6508709B1 (en) * 1999-06-18 2003-01-21 Jayant S. Karmarkar Virtual distributed multimedia gaming method and system based on actual regulated casino games US6526097B1 (en) * 1999-02-03 2003-02-25 Sarnoff Corporation Frame-level rate control for plug-in video codecs US6539544B2 (en) * 1996-12-25 2003-03-25 Sony Corporation Game machine system, broadcasting system, data distribution system, and method, program executing apparatus and method US6632992B2 (en) * 2000-07-19 2003-10-14 Yamaha Corporation System and method for distributing music data with advertisement US6748362B1 (en) * 1999-09-03 2004-06-08 Thomas W. Meyer Process, system, and apparatus for embedding data in compressed audio, image video and other media files and the like US7028072B1 (en) * 1999-07-16 2006-04-11 Unicast Communications Corporation Method and apparatus for dynamically constructing customized advertisements Family Cites Families (17) * Cited by examiner, â Cited by third party Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title CA2218957C (en) * 1995-05-08 2005-01-25 Digimarc Corporation Steganography systems DE69636084T2 (en) * 1995-09-28 2006-09-14 Nec Corp. Method and apparatus for inserting a spread spectrum watermark into multimedia data US6323911B1 (en) * 1995-10-02 2001-11-27 Starsight Telecast, Inc. System and method for using television schedule information US5668599A (en) * 1996-03-19 1997-09-16 International Business Machines Corporation Memory management for an MPEG2 compliant decoder US6240555B1 (en) * 1996-03-29 2001-05-29 Microsoft Corporation Interactive entertainment system for presenting supplemental interactive content together with continuous video programs US5870087A (en) * 1996-11-13 1999-02-09 Lsi Logic Corporation MPEG decoder system and method having a unified memory for transport decode and system controller functions US5802481A (en) * 1997-03-20 1998-09-01 Motorola, Inc. Adaptive filtering for use with data compression and signal reconstruction US6892226B1 (en) * 1997-03-27 2005-05-10 Intel Corporation System for delivery of dynamic content to a client device JP3637726B2 (en) * 1997-04-18 2005-04-13 æ¥æ¬é»ä¿¡é»è©±æ ªå¼ä¼ç¤¾ Digital information processing method and apparatus with caption information US6192138B1 (en) * 1997-05-08 2001-02-20 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Apparatus and method for embedding/unembedding supplemental information US6088357A (en) * 1997-09-26 2000-07-11 International Business Machines Corporation Auxiliary transport assist processor especially for an MPEG-2 compliant decoder US5941951A (en) * 1997-10-31 1999-08-24 International Business Machines Corporation Methods for real-time deterministic delivery of multimedia data in a client/server system US7809138B2 (en) * 1999-03-16 2010-10-05 Intertrust Technologies Corporation Methods and apparatus for persistent control and protection of content US6314192B1 (en) * 1998-05-21 2001-11-06 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology System, method, and product for information embedding using an ensemble of non-intersecting embedding generators US6754905B2 (en) * 1998-07-23 2004-06-22 Diva Systems Corporation Data structure and methods for providing an interactive program guide GB2363302B (en) * 1999-01-28 2003-11-05 Kent Ridge Digital Labs Method and apparatus for watermarking wavetable synthesis architectures US6449380B1 (en) * 2000-03-06 2002-09-10 Intel Corporation Method of integrating a watermark into a compressed imageFree format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION
2013-04-24 AS AssignmentOwner name: TIME WARNER CABLE ENTERPRISES LLC, NEW YORK
Free format text: CONTRIBUTION AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:TIME WARNER CABLE INC.;REEL/FRAME:030281/0473
Effective date: 20121231
2016-07-11 AS AssignmentOwner name: TIME WARNER CABLE ENTERPRISES LLC, NEW YORK
Free format text: CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE CONTRIBUTION AGREEMENT EXECUTED 12-31-2012 - AGREEMENT SHOULD NOT BE RECORDED AGAINST APPLICATION NUMBER 12131649. PREVIOUSLY RECORDED AT REEL: 030281 FRAME: 0473. ASSIGNOR(S) HEREBY CONFIRMS THE;ASSIGNOR:TIME WARNER CABLE INC.;REEL/FRAME:039903/0204
Effective date: 20121231
2017-11-15 AS AssignmentOwner name: TIME WARNER CABLE ENTERPRISES LLC, MISSOURI
Free format text: CHANGE OF ADDRESS;ASSIGNOR:TIME WARNER CABLE ENTERPRISES LLC;REEL/FRAME:044456/0167
Effective date: 20160601
RetroSearch is an open source project built by @garambo | Open a GitHub Issue
Search and Browse the WWW like it's 1997 | Search results from DuckDuckGo
HTML:
3.2
| Encoding:
UTF-8
| Version:
0.7.4