Read HTML tables into a list of DataFrame objects.
String, path object (implementing os.PathLike[str]), or file-like object implementing a string read() function. The string can represent a URL or the HTML itself. Note that lxml only accepts the http, ftp and file url protocols. If you have a URL that starts with 'https' you might try removing the 's'.
Deprecated since version 2.1.0: Passing html literal strings is deprecated. Wrap literal string/bytes input in io.StringIO/io.BytesIO instead.
The set of tables containing text matching this regex or string will be returned. Unless the HTML is extremely simple you will probably need to pass a non-empty string here. Defaults to â.+â (match any non-empty string). The default value will return all tables contained on a page. This value is converted to a regular expression so that there is consistent behavior between Beautiful Soup and lxml.
The parsing engine (or list of parsing engines) to use. âbs4â and âhtml5libâ are synonymous with each other, they are both there for backwards compatibility. The default of None tries to use lxml to parse and if that fails it falls back on bs4 + html5lib.
The row (or list of rows for a MultiIndex) to use to make the columns headers.
The column (or list of columns) to use to create the index.
Number of rows to skip after parsing the column integer. 0-based. If a sequence of integers or a slice is given, will skip the rows indexed by that sequence. Note that a single element sequence means âskip the nth rowâ whereas an integer means âskip n rowsâ.
This is a dictionary of attributes that you can pass to use to identify the table in the HTML. These are not checked for validity before being passed to lxml or Beautiful Soup. However, these attributes must be valid HTML table attributes to work correctly. For example,
is a valid attribute dictionary because the âidâ HTML tag attribute is a valid HTML attribute for any HTML tag as per this document.
attrs = {'asdf': 'table'}
is not a valid attribute dictionary because âasdfâ is not a valid HTML attribute even if it is a valid XML attribute. Valid HTML 4.01 table attributes can be found here. A working draft of the HTML 5 spec can be found here. It contains the latest information on table attributes for the modern web.
See read_csv() for more details.
Separator to use to parse thousands. Defaults to ','.
The encoding used to decode the web page. Defaults to None.``None`` preserves the previous encoding behavior, which depends on the underlying parser library (e.g., the parser library will try to use the encoding provided by the document).
Character to recognize as decimal point (e.g. use â,â for European data).
Dict of functions for converting values in certain columns. Keys can either be integers or column labels, values are functions that take one input argument, the cell (not column) content, and return the transformed content.
Custom NA values.
If na_values are specified and keep_default_na is False the default NaN values are overridden, otherwise theyâre appended to.
Whether elements with âdisplay: noneâ should be parsed.
Table elements in the specified section(s) with <a> tags will have their href extracted.
Added in version 1.5.0.
Back-end data type applied to the resultant DataFrame (still experimental). Behaviour is as follows:
"numpy_nullable": returns nullable-dtype-backed DataFrame (default).
"pyarrow": returns pyarrow-backed nullable ArrowDtype DataFrame.
Added in version 2.0.
Extra options that make sense for a particular storage connection, e.g. host, port, username, password, etc. For HTTP(S) URLs the key-value pairs are forwarded to urllib.request.Request as header options. For other URLs (e.g. starting with âs3://â, and âgcs://â) the key-value pairs are forwarded to fsspec.open. Please see fsspec and urllib for more details, and for more examples on storage options refer here.
Added in version 2.1.0.
A list of DataFrames.
See also
read_csv
Read a comma-separated values (csv) file into DataFrame.
Notes
Before using this function you should read the gotchas about the HTML parsing libraries.
Expect to do some cleanup after you call this function. For example, you might need to manually assign column names if the column names are converted to NaN when you pass the header=0 argument. We try to assume as little as possible about the structure of the table and push the idiosyncrasies of the HTML contained in the table to the user.
This function searches for <table> elements and only for <tr> and <th> rows and <td> elements within each <tr> or <th> element in the table. <td> stands for âtable dataâ. This function attempts to properly handle colspan and rowspan attributes. If the function has a <thead> argument, it is used to construct the header, otherwise the function attempts to find the header within the body (by putting rows with only <th> elements into the header).
Similar to read_csv() the header argument is applied after skiprows is applied.
This function will always return a list of DataFrame or it will fail, e.g., it will not return an empty list.
Examples
See the read_html documentation in the IO section of the docs for some examples of reading in HTML tables.
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