MDB includes a wide range of shorthand responsive margin and padding utility classes to modify an element’s appearance.
How it worksAssign responsive-friendly margin
or padding
values to an element or a subset of its sides with shorthand classes. Includes support for individual properties, all properties, and vertical and horizontal properties. Classes are built from a default Sass map ranging from .25rem
to 3rem
.
Note: If you want to add margin to the left side you must use the class ms-*
(margin start) instead of ml-*
(margin left).
Likewise for the margin on the right: you have to use the class me-*
(margin end) instead of mr-*
(margin right).
Below is an example using classes for the right margin with a visual representation of their sizes. The same sizes apply to all directions (left, right, top, bottom) and for both margins and padding.
Class name Size Visual representation.me-1
0.25rem .me-2
0.5rem .me-3
1rem .me-4
1.5rem .me-5
3rem Notation
Spacing utilities that apply to all breakpoints, from xs
to xxl
, have no breakpoint abbreviation in them. This is because those classes are applied from min-width: 0
and up, and thus are not bound by a media query. The remaining breakpoints, however, do include a breakpoint abbreviation.
The classes are named using the format {property}{sides}-{size}
for xs
and {property}{sides}-{breakpoint}-{size}
for sm
, md
, lg
, xl
, and xxl
.
Where property is one of:
m
- for classes that set margin
p
- for classes that set padding
Where sides is one of:
t
- for classes that set margin-top
or padding-top
b
- for classes that set margin-bottom
or padding-bottom
s
- for classes that set margin-left
or padding-left
in LTR, margin-start
or padding-start
in RTL,e
- for classes that set margin-right
or padding-right
in LTR, margin-end
or padding-end
in RTLx
- for classes that set both *-left
and *-right
y
- for classes that set both *-top
and *-bottom
margin
or padding
on all 4 sides of the elementWhere size is one of:
0
- for classes that eliminate the margin
or padding
by setting it to 0
1
- (by default) for classes that set the margin
or padding
to $spacer * .25
2
- (by default) for classes that set the margin
or padding
to $spacer * .5
3
- (by default) for classes that set the margin
or padding
to $spacer
4
- (by default) for classes that set the margin
or padding
to $spacer * 1.5
5
- (by default) for classes that set the margin
or padding
to $spacer * 3
auto
- for classes that set the margin
to auto(You can add more sizes by adding entries to the $spacers
Sass map variable.)
Here are some representative examples of these classes:
Horizontal centeringAdditionally, Bootstrap also includes an .mx-auto
class for horizontally centering fixed-width block level content—that is, content that has display: block
and a width
set—by setting the horizontal margins to auto
.
In CSS, margin
properties can utilize negative values (padding
cannot). These negative margins are disabled by default, but can be enabled in Sass by setting $enable-negative-margins: true
.
The syntax is nearly the same as the default, positive margin utilities, but with the addition of n
before the requested size. Here’s an example class that’s the opposite of .mt-1
:
When using display: grid
, you can make use of gap utilities on the parent grid container. This can save on having to add margin utilities to individual grid items (children of a display: grid
container). Gap utilities are responsive by default, and are generated via our utilities API, based on the $spacers
Sass map.
Grid item 1
Grid item 2
Grid item 3
Support includes responsive options for all of Bootstrap’s grid breakpoints, as well as six sizes from the $spacers
map (0
–5
). There is no .gap-auto
utility class as it’s effectively the same as .gap-0
.
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