Controlling properties of text and its layout with Matplotlib.
matplotlib.text.Text instances have a variety of properties which can be configured via keyword arguments to set_title, set_xlabel, text, etc.
You can lay out text with the alignment arguments horizontalalignment, verticalalignment, and multialignment. horizontalalignment controls whether the x positional argument for the text indicates the left, center or right side of the text bounding box. verticalalignment controls whether the y positional argument for the text indicates the bottom, center or top side of the text bounding box. multialignment, for newline separated strings only, controls whether the different lines are left, center or right justified. Here is an example which uses the text() command to show the various alignment possibilities. The use of transform=ax.transAxes throughout the code indicates that the coordinates are given relative to the Axes bounding box, with (0, 0) being the lower left of the Axes and (1, 1) the upper right.
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.patches as patches
# build a rectangle in axes coords
left, width = .25, .5
bottom, height = .25, .5
right = left + width
top = bottom + height
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_axes((0, 0, 1, 1))
# axes coordinates: (0, 0) is bottom left and (1, 1) is upper right
p = patches.Rectangle(
(left, bottom), width, height,
fill=False, transform=ax.transAxes, clip_on=False
)
ax.add_patch(p)
ax.text(left, bottom, 'left top',
horizontalalignment='left',
verticalalignment='top',
transform=ax.transAxes)
ax.text(left, bottom, 'left bottom',
horizontalalignment='left',
verticalalignment='bottom',
transform=ax.transAxes)
ax.text(right, top, 'right bottom',
horizontalalignment='right',
verticalalignment='bottom',
transform=ax.transAxes)
ax.text(right, top, 'right top',
horizontalalignment='right',
verticalalignment='top',
transform=ax.transAxes)
ax.text(right, bottom, 'center top',
horizontalalignment='center',
verticalalignment='top',
transform=ax.transAxes)
ax.text(left, 0.5*(bottom+top), 'right center',
horizontalalignment='right',
verticalalignment='center',
rotation='vertical',
transform=ax.transAxes)
ax.text(left, 0.5*(bottom+top), 'left center',
horizontalalignment='left',
verticalalignment='center',
rotation='vertical',
transform=ax.transAxes)
ax.text(0.5*(left+right), 0.5*(bottom+top), 'middle',
horizontalalignment='center',
verticalalignment='center',
fontsize=20, color='red',
transform=ax.transAxes)
ax.text(right, 0.5*(bottom+top), 'centered',
horizontalalignment='center',
verticalalignment='center',
rotation='vertical',
transform=ax.transAxes)
ax.text(left, top, 'rotated\nwith newlines',
horizontalalignment='center',
verticalalignment='center',
rotation=45,
transform=ax.transAxes)
ax.set_axis_off()
plt.show()
Default Font#
The base default font is controlled by a set of rcParams. To set the font for mathematical expressions, use the rcParams beginning with mathtext (see mathtext).
Matplotlib can use font families installed on the user's computer, i.e. Helvetica, Times, etc. Font families can also be specified with generic-family aliases like ({'cursive', 'fantasy', 'monospace', 'sans', 'sans serif', 'sans-serif', 'serif'}).
Note
To access the full list of available fonts:
matplotlib.font_manager.get_font_names()
The mapping between the generic family aliases and actual font families (mentioned at default rcParams) is controlled by the following rcParams:
If any of generic family names appear in 'font.family', we replace that entry by all the entries in the corresponding rcParam mapping. For example:
matplotlib.rcParams['font.family'] = ['Family1', 'serif', 'Family2'] matplotlib.rcParams['font.serif'] = ['SerifFamily1', 'SerifFamily2'] # This is effectively translated to: matplotlib.rcParams['font.family'] = ['Family1', 'SerifFamily1', 'SerifFamily2', 'Family2']Text with non-latin glyphs#
As of v2.0 the default font, DejaVu, contains glyphs for many western alphabets, but not other scripts, such as Chinese, Korean, or Japanese.
To set the default font to be one that supports the code points you need, prepend the font name to 'font.family' (recommended), or to the desired alias lists.
# first method matplotlib.rcParams['font.family'] = ['Source Han Sans TW', 'sans-serif'] # second method matplotlib.rcParams['font.family'] = ['sans-serif'] matplotlib.rcParams['sans-serif'] = ['Source Han Sans TW', ...]
The generic family alias lists contain fonts that are either shipped alongside Matplotlib (so they have 100% chance of being found), or fonts which have a very high probability of being present in most systems.
A good practice when setting custom font families is to append a generic-family to the font-family list as a last resort.
You can also set it in your .matplotlibrc file:
font.family: Source Han Sans TW, Arial, sans-serif
To control the font used on per-artist basis use the name, fontname or fontproperties keyword arguments documented in Text properties and layout.
On linux, fc-list can be a useful tool to discover the font name; for example
$ fc-list :lang=zh family Noto to Sans Mono CJK TC,Noto Sans Mono CJK TC Bold Noto Sans CJK TC,Noto Sans CJK TC Medium Noto Sans CJK TC,Noto Sans CJK TC DemiLight Noto Sans CJK KR,Noto Sans CJK KR Black Noto Sans CJK TC,Noto Sans CJK TC Black Noto Sans Mono CJK TC,Noto Sans Mono CJK TC Regular Noto Sans CJK SC,Noto Sans CJK SC Light
lists all of the fonts that support Chinese.
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