matplotlib.figure#
matplotlib.figure implements the following classes:
Figure
Top level Artist, which holds all plot elements. Many methods are implemented in FigureBase.
SubFigure
A logical figure inside a figure, usually added to a figure (or parent SubFigure) with Figure.add_subfigure or Figure.subfigures methods.
Figures are typically created using pyplot methods figure, subplots, and subplot_mosaic.
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(2, 2), facecolor='lightskyblue',
layout='constrained')
fig.suptitle('Figure')
ax.set_title('Axes', loc='left', fontstyle='oblique', fontsize='medium')
(Source code, 2x.png, png)
Some situations call for directly instantiating a Figure class, usually inside an application of some sort (see Embedding Matplotlib in graphical user interfaces for a list of examples) . More information about Figures can be found at Introduction to Figures.
Matplotlib has the concept of a SubFigure, which is a logical figure inside a parent Figure. It has many of the same methods as the parent. See Nested Axes layouts.
(Source code, 2x.png, png)
Base class for Figure and SubFigure containing the methods that add artists to the figure or subfigure, create Axes, etc.
Add an Artist to the figure.
Usually artists are added to Axes objects using Axes.add_artist; this method can be used in the rare cases where one needs to add artists directly to the figure instead.
Artist
The artist to add to the figure. If the added artist has no transform previously set, its transform will be set to figure.transSubfigure.
Whether the added artist should be clipped by the figure patch.
Artist
The added artist.
Add an Axes to the figure.
Call signatures:
add_axes(rect, projection=None, polar=False, **kwargs) add_axes(ax)
The dimensions (left, bottom, width, height) of the new Axes. All quantities are in fractions of figure width and height.
The projection type of the Axes. str is the name of a custom projection, see projections. The default None results in a 'rectilinear' projection.
If True, equivalent to projection='polar'.
Axes, optional
The axes.Axes subclass that is instantiated. This parameter is incompatible with projection and polar. See axisartist for examples.
Axes, optional
Share the x or y axis with sharex and/or sharey. The axis will have the same limits, ticks, and scale as the axis of the shared Axes.
A label for the returned Axes.
Axes, or a subclass of Axes
The returned Axes class depends on the projection used. It is Axes if rectilinear projection is used and projections.polar.PolarAxes if polar projection is used.
This method also takes the keyword arguments for the returned Axes class. The keyword arguments for the rectilinear Axes class Axes can be found in the following table but there might also be other keyword arguments if another projection is used, see the actual Axes class.
Notes
In rare circumstances, add_axes may be called with a single argument, an Axes instance already created in the present figure but not in the figure's list of Axes.
Examples
Some simple examples:
rect = l, b, w, h fig = plt.figure() fig.add_axes(rect) fig.add_axes(rect, frameon=False, facecolor='g') fig.add_axes(rect, polar=True) ax = fig.add_axes(rect, projection='polar') fig.delaxes(ax) fig.add_axes(ax)
Low-level API for creating a GridSpec that has this figure as a parent.
This is a low-level API, allowing you to create a gridspec and subsequently add subplots based on the gridspec. Most users do not need that freedom and should use the higher-level methods subplots or subplot_mosaic.
Number of rows in grid.
Number of columns in grid.
GridSpec
Keyword arguments are passed to GridSpec.
Examples
Adding a subplot that spans two rows:
fig = plt.figure() gs = fig.add_gridspec(2, 2) ax1 = fig.add_subplot(gs[0, 0]) ax2 = fig.add_subplot(gs[1, 0]) # spans two rows: ax3 = fig.add_subplot(gs[:, 1])
Add a SubFigure to the figure as part of a subplot arrangement.
gridspec.SubplotSpec
Defines the region in a parent gridspec where the subfigure will be placed.
SubFigure
Are passed to the SubFigure object.
Add an Axes to the figure as part of a subplot arrangement.
Call signatures:
add_subplot(nrows, ncols, index, **kwargs) add_subplot(pos, **kwargs) add_subplot(ax) add_subplot()
SubplotSpec, default: (1, 1, 1)
The position of the subplot described by one of
Three integers (nrows, ncols, index). The subplot will take the index position on a grid with nrows rows and ncols columns. index starts at 1 in the upper left corner and increases to the right. index can also be a two-tuple specifying the (first, last) indices (1-based, and including last) of the subplot, e.g., fig.add_subplot(3, 1, (1, 2)) makes a subplot that spans the upper 2/3 of the figure.
A 3-digit integer. The digits are interpreted as if given separately as three single-digit integers, i.e. fig.add_subplot(235) is the same as fig.add_subplot(2, 3, 5). Note that this can only be used if there are no more than 9 subplots.
A SubplotSpec.
In rare circumstances, add_subplot may be called with a single argument, a subplot Axes instance already created in the present figure but not in the figure's list of Axes.
The projection type of the subplot (Axes). str is the name of a custom projection, see projections. The default None results in a 'rectilinear' projection.
If True, equivalent to projection='polar'.
Axes, optional
The axes.Axes subclass that is instantiated. This parameter is incompatible with projection and polar. See axisartist for examples.
Axes, optional
Share the x or y axis with sharex and/or sharey. The axis will have the same limits, ticks, and scale as the axis of the shared Axes.
A label for the returned Axes.
Axes
The Axes of the subplot. The returned Axes can actually be an instance of a subclass, such as projections.polar.PolarAxes for polar projections.
This method also takes the keyword arguments for the returned Axes base class; except for the figure argument. The keyword arguments for the rectilinear base class Axes can be found in the following table but there might also be other keyword arguments if another projection is used.
Examples
fig = plt.figure() fig.add_subplot(231) ax1 = fig.add_subplot(2, 3, 1) # equivalent but more general fig.add_subplot(232, frameon=False) # subplot with no frame fig.add_subplot(233, projection='polar') # polar subplot fig.add_subplot(234, sharex=ax1) # subplot sharing x-axis with ax1 fig.add_subplot(235, facecolor="red") # red subplot ax1.remove() # delete ax1 from the figure fig.add_subplot(ax1) # add ax1 back to the figure
Align the xlabels and ylabels of subplots with the same subplots row or column (respectively) if label alignment is being done automatically (i.e. the label position is not manually set).
Alignment persists for draw events after this is called.
Notes
This assumes that all Axes in axs are from the same GridSpec, so that their SubplotSpec positions correspond to figure positions.
Align the titles of subplots in the same subplot row if title alignment is being done automatically (i.e. the title position is not manually set).
Alignment persists for draw events after this is called.
Axes
Optional list of (or ndarray) Axes to align the titles. Default is to align all Axes on the figure.
Notes
This assumes that all Axes in axs are from the same GridSpec, so that their SubplotSpec positions correspond to figure positions.
Examples
Example with titles:
fig, axs = plt.subplots(1, 2)
axs[0].set_aspect('equal')
axs[0].set_title('Title 0')
axs[1].set_title('Title 1')
fig.align_titles()
Align the xlabels of subplots in the same subplot row if label alignment is being done automatically (i.e. the label position is not manually set).
Alignment persists for draw events after this is called.
If a label is on the bottom, it is aligned with labels on Axes that also have their label on the bottom and that have the same bottom-most subplot row. If the label is on the top, it is aligned with labels on Axes with the same top-most row.
Notes
This assumes that all Axes in axs are from the same GridSpec, so that their SubplotSpec positions correspond to figure positions.
Examples
Example with rotated xtick labels:
fig, axs = plt.subplots(1, 2)
axs[0].tick_params(axis='x', rotation=55)
axs[0].set_xlabel('XLabel 0')
axs[1].set_xlabel('XLabel 1')
fig.align_xlabels()
Align the ylabels of subplots in the same subplot column if label alignment is being done automatically (i.e. the label position is not manually set).
Alignment persists for draw events after this is called.
If a label is on the left, it is aligned with labels on Axes that also have their label on the left and that have the same left-most subplot column. If the label is on the right, it is aligned with labels on Axes with the same right-most column.
Notes
This assumes that all Axes in axs are from the same GridSpec, so that their SubplotSpec positions correspond to figure positions.
Examples
Example with large yticks labels:
fig, axs = plt.subplots(2, 1)
axs[0].plot(np.arange(0, 1000, 50))
axs[0].set_ylabel('YLabel 0')
axs[1].set_ylabel('YLabel 1')
fig.align_ylabels()
Date ticklabels often overlap, so it is useful to rotate them and right align them. Also, a common use case is a number of subplots with shared x-axis where the x-axis is date data. The ticklabels are often long, and it helps to rotate them on the bottom subplot and turn them off on other subplots, as well as turn off xlabels.
The bottom of the subplots for subplots_adjust.
The rotation angle of the xtick labels in degrees.
The horizontal alignment of the xticklabels.
Selects which ticklabels to rotate.
Clear the figure.
Set keep_observers to True if, for example, a gui widget is tracking the Axes in the figure.
[Discouraged] Alias for the clear() method.
Discouraged
The use of clf() is discouraged. Use clear() instead.
Set keep_observers to True if, for example, a gui widget is tracking the Axes in the figure.
Add a colorbar to a plot.
The matplotlib.colorizer.ColorizingArtist (i.e., AxesImage, ContourSet, etc.) described by this colorbar. This argument is mandatory for the Figure.colorbar method but optional for the pyplot.colorbar function, which sets the default to the current image.
Note that one can create a colorizer.ColorizingArtist "on-the-fly" to generate colorbars not attached to a previously drawn artist, e.g.
cr = colorizer.Colorizer(norm=norm, cmap=cmap) fig.colorbar(colorizer.ColorizingArtist(cr), ax=ax)
Axes, optional
Axes into which the colorbar will be drawn. If None, then a new Axes is created and the space for it will be stolen from the Axes(s) specified in ax.
Axes or iterable or numpy.ndarray of Axes, optional
The one or more parent Axes from which space for a new colorbar Axes will be stolen. This parameter is only used if cax is not set.
Defaults to the Axes that contains the mappable used to create the colorbar.
If cax is None, a new cax is created as an instance of Axes. If ax is positioned with a subplotspec and use_gridspec is True, then cax is also positioned with a subplotspec.
Colorbar
The location, relative to the parent Axes, where the colorbar Axes is created. It also determines the orientation of the colorbar (colorbars on the left and right are vertical, colorbars at the top and bottom are horizontal). If None, the location will come from the orientation if it is set (vertical colorbars on the right, horizontal ones at the bottom), or default to 'right' if orientation is unset.
The orientation of the colorbar. It is preferable to set the location of the colorbar, as that also determines the orientation; passing incompatible values for location and orientation raises an exception.
Fraction of original Axes to use for colorbar.
Fraction by which to multiply the size of the colorbar.
Ratio of long to short dimensions.
Fraction of original Axes between colorbar and new image Axes.
The anchor point of the colorbar Axes. Defaults to (0.0, 0.5) if vertical; (0.5, 1.0) if horizontal.
The anchor point of the colorbar parent Axes. If False, the parent axes' anchor will be unchanged. Defaults to (1.0, 0.5) if vertical; (0.5, 0.0) if horizontal.
Make pointed end(s) for out-of-range values (unless 'neither'). These are set for a given colormap using the colormap set_under and set_over methods.
If set to None, both the minimum and maximum triangular colorbar extensions will have a length of 5% of the interior colorbar length (this is the default setting).
If set to 'auto', makes the triangular colorbar extensions the same lengths as the interior boxes (when spacing is set to 'uniform') or the same lengths as the respective adjacent interior boxes (when spacing is set to 'proportional').
If a scalar, indicates the length of both the minimum and maximum triangular colorbar extensions as a fraction of the interior colorbar length. A two-element sequence of fractions may also be given, indicating the lengths of the minimum and maximum colorbar extensions respectively as a fraction of the interior colorbar length.
If False the minimum and maximum colorbar extensions will be triangular (the default). If True the extensions will be rectangular.
If None, ticks are determined automatically from the input.
If None, ScalarFormatter is used. Format strings, e.g., "%4.2e" or "{x:.2e}", are supported. An alternative Formatter may be given instead.
Whether to draw lines at color boundaries.
The label on the colorbar's long axis.
If unset, the colormap will be displayed on a 0-1 scale. If sequences, values must have a length 1 less than boundaries. For each region delimited by adjacent entries in boundaries, the color mapped to the corresponding value in values will be used. The size of each region is determined by the spacing parameter. Normally only useful for indexed colors (i.e. norm=NoNorm()) or other unusual circumstances.
For discrete colorbars (BoundaryNorm or contours), 'uniform' gives each color the same space; 'proportional' makes the space proportional to the data interval.
Notes
If mappable is a ContourSet, its extend kwarg is included automatically.
The shrink kwarg provides a simple way to scale the colorbar with respect to the Axes. Note that if cax is specified, it determines the size of the colorbar, and shrink and aspect are ignored.
For more precise control, you can manually specify the positions of the axes objects in which the mappable and the colorbar are drawn. In this case, do not use any of the Axes properties kwargs.
It is known that some vector graphics viewers (svg and pdf) render white gaps between segments of the colorbar. This is due to bugs in the viewers, not Matplotlib. As a workaround, the colorbar can be rendered with overlapping segments:
cbar = colorbar()
cbar.solids.set_edgecolor("face")
draw()
However, this has negative consequences in other circumstances, e.g. with semi-transparent images (alpha < 1) and colorbar extensions; therefore, this workaround is not used by default (see issue #1188).
Test whether the mouse event occurred on the figure.
Remove the Axes ax from the figure; update the current Axes.
Draw the Artist (and its children) using the given renderer.
This has no effect if the artist is not visible (Artist.get_visible returns False).
RendererBase subclass.
Notes
This method is overridden in the Artist subclasses.
The root Figure. To get the parent of a SubFigure, use the get_figure method.
Return the figure's background patch visibility, i.e. whether the figure background will be drawn. Equivalent to Figure.patch.get_visible().
Get the current Axes.
If there is currently no Axes on this Figure, a new one is created using Figure.add_subplot. (To test whether there is currently an Axes on a Figure, check whether figure.axes is empty. To test whether there is currently a Figure on the pyplot figure stack, check whether pyplot.get_fignums() is empty.)
Get a list of artists contained in the figure.
Return a list of Artists typically used in Figure.get_tightbbox.
Get the edge color of the Figure rectangle.
Get the face color of the Figure rectangle.
Return the Figure or SubFigure instance the (Sub)Figure belongs to.
If False, return the (Sub)Figure this artist is on. If True, return the root Figure for a nested tree of SubFigures.
Deprecated since version 3.10: From version 3.12 root will default to False.
Return the figure's background patch visibility, i.e. whether the figure background will be drawn. Equivalent to Figure.patch.get_visible().
Get the line width of the Figure rectangle.
Return the suptitle as string or an empty string if not set.
Return the supxlabel as string or an empty string if not set.
Return the supylabel as string or an empty string if not set.
Return a (tight) bounding box of the figure in inches.
Note that FigureBase differs from all other artists, which return their Bbox in pixels.
Artists that have artist.set_in_layout(False) are not included in the bbox.
RendererBase subclass
Renderer that will be used to draw the figures (i.e. fig.canvas.get_renderer())
Artist or None
List of artists to include in the tight bounding box. If None (default), then all artist children of each Axes are included in the tight bounding box.
BboxBase
containing the bounding box (in figure inches).
Get the artist's bounding box in display space, ignoring clipping.
The bounding box's width and height are non-negative.
Subclasses should override for inclusion in the bounding box "tight" calculation. Default is to return an empty bounding box at 0, 0.
Warning
The extent can change due to any changes in the transform stack, such as changing the Axes limits, the figure size, the canvas used (as is done when saving a figure), or the DPI.
Relying on a once-retrieved window extent can lead to unexpected behavior in various cases such as interactive figures being resized or moved to a screen with different dpi, or figures that look fine on screen render incorrectly when saved to file.
To get accurate results you may need to manually call savefig or draw_without_rendering to have Matplotlib compute the rendered size.
RendererBase, optional
Renderer used to draw the figure (i.e. fig.canvas.get_renderer()).
Place a legend on the figure.
Call signatures:
legend() legend(handles, labels) legend(handles=handles) legend(labels)
The call signatures correspond to the following different ways to use this method:
1. Automatic detection of elements to be shown in the legend
The elements to be added to the legend are automatically determined, when you do not pass in any extra arguments.
In this case, the labels are taken from the artist. You can specify them either at artist creation or by calling the set_label() method on the artist:
ax.plot([1, 2, 3], label='Inline label') fig.legend()
or:
line, = ax.plot([1, 2, 3])
line.set_label('Label via method')
fig.legend()
Specific lines can be excluded from the automatic legend element selection by defining a label starting with an underscore. This is default for all artists, so calling Figure.legend without any arguments and without setting the labels manually will result in no legend being drawn.
2. Explicitly listing the artists and labels in the legend
For full control of which artists have a legend entry, it is possible to pass an iterable of legend artists followed by an iterable of legend labels respectively:
fig.legend([line1, line2, line3], ['label1', 'label2', 'label3'])
3. Explicitly listing the artists in the legend
This is similar to 2, but the labels are taken from the artists' label properties. Example:
line1, = ax1.plot([1, 2, 3], label='label1') line2, = ax2.plot([1, 2, 3], label='label2') fig.legend(handles=[line1, line2])
4. Labeling existing plot elements
Discouraged
This call signature is discouraged, because the relation between plot elements and labels is only implicit by their order and can easily be mixed up.
To make a legend for all artists on all Axes, call this function with an iterable of strings, one for each legend item. For example:
fig, (ax1, ax2) = plt.subplots(1, 2) ax1.plot([1, 3, 5], color='blue') ax2.plot([2, 4, 6], color='red') fig.legend(['the blues', 'the reds'])
Artist, optional
A list of Artists (lines, patches) to be added to the legend. Use this together with labels, if you need full control on what is shown in the legend and the automatic mechanism described above is not sufficient.
The length of handles and labels should be the same in this case. If they are not, they are truncated to the smaller length.
A list of labels to show next to the artists. Use this together with handles, if you need full control on what is shown in the legend and the automatic mechanism described above is not sufficient.
Legend
The location of the legend.
The strings 'upper left', 'upper right', 'lower left', 'lower right' place the legend at the corresponding corner of the figure.
The strings 'upper center', 'lower center', 'center left', 'center right' place the legend at the center of the corresponding edge of the figure.
The string 'center' places the legend at the center of the figure.
The location can also be a 2-tuple giving the coordinates of the lower-left corner of the legend in figure coordinates (in which case bbox_to_anchor will be ignored).
For back-compatibility, 'center right' (but no other location) can also be spelled 'right', and each "string" location can also be given as a numeric value:
If a figure is using the constrained layout manager, the string codes of the loc keyword argument can get better layout behaviour using the prefix 'outside'. There is ambiguity at the corners, so 'outside upper right' will make space for the legend above the rest of the axes in the layout, and 'outside right upper' will make space on the right side of the layout. In addition to the values of loc listed above, we have 'outside right upper', 'outside right lower', 'outside left upper', and 'outside left lower'. See Legend guide for more details.
BboxBase, 2-tuple, or 4-tuple of floats
Box that is used to position the legend in conjunction with loc. Defaults to axes.bbox (if called as a method to Axes.legend) or figure.bbox (if figure.legend). This argument allows arbitrary placement of the legend.
Bbox coordinates are interpreted in the coordinate system given by bbox_transform, with the default transform Axes or Figure coordinates, depending on which legend is called.
If a 4-tuple or BboxBase is given, then it specifies the bbox (x, y, width, height) that the legend is placed in. To put the legend in the best location in the bottom right quadrant of the Axes (or figure):
loc='best', bbox_to_anchor=(0.5, 0., 0.5, 0.5)
A 2-tuple (x, y) places the corner of the legend specified by loc at x, y. For example, to put the legend's upper right-hand corner in the center of the Axes (or figure) the following keywords can be used:
loc='upper right', bbox_to_anchor=(0.5, 0.5)
The number of columns that the legend has.
For backward compatibility, the spelling ncol is also supported but it is discouraged. If both are given, ncols takes precedence.
FontProperties or dict
The font properties of the legend. If None (default), the current matplotlib.rcParams will be used.
The font size of the legend. If the value is numeric the size will be the absolute font size in points. String values are relative to the current default font size. This argument is only used if prop is not specified.
rcParams["legend.labelcolor"] (default: 'None')
The color of the text in the legend. Either a valid color string (for example, 'red'), or a list of color strings. The labelcolor can also be made to match the color of the line or marker using 'linecolor', 'markerfacecolor' (or 'mfc'), or 'markeredgecolor' (or 'mec').
Labelcolor can be set globally using rcParams["legend.labelcolor"] (default: 'None'). If None, use rcParams["text.color"] (default: 'black').
rcParams["legend.numpoints"] (default: 1)
The number of marker points in the legend when creating a legend entry for a Line2D (line).
rcParams["legend.scatterpoints"] (default: 1)
The number of marker points in the legend when creating a legend entry for a PathCollection (scatter plot).
[0.375, 0.5, 0.3125]
The vertical offset (relative to the font size) for the markers created for a scatter plot legend entry. 0.0 is at the base the legend text, and 1.0 is at the top. To draw all markers at the same height, set to [0.5].
rcParams["legend.markerscale"] (default: 1.0)
The relative size of legend markers compared to the originally drawn ones.
If True, legend marker is placed to the left of the legend label. If False, legend marker is placed to the right of the legend label.
If True, the legend labels are displayed in reverse order from the input. If False, the legend labels are displayed in the same order as the input.
Added in version 3.7.
rcParams["legend.frameon"] (default: True)
Whether the legend should be drawn on a patch (frame).
rcParams["legend.fancybox"] (default: True)
Whether round edges should be enabled around the FancyBboxPatch which makes up the legend's background.
rcParams["legend.shadow"] (default: False)
Whether to draw a shadow behind the legend. The shadow can be configured using Patch keywords. Customization via rcParams["legend.shadow"] (default: False) is currently not supported.
rcParams["legend.framealpha"] (default: 0.8)
The alpha transparency of the legend's background. If shadow is activated and framealpha is None, the default value is ignored.
rcParams["legend.facecolor"] (default: 'inherit')
The legend's background color. If "inherit", use rcParams["axes.facecolor"] (default: 'white').
rcParams["legend.edgecolor"] (default: '0.8')
The legend's background patch edge color. If "inherit", use rcParams["axes.edgecolor"] (default: 'black').
If mode is set to "expand" the legend will be horizontally expanded to fill the Axes area (or bbox_to_anchor if defines the legend's size).
Transform
The transform for the bounding box (bbox_to_anchor). For a value of None (default) the Axes' matplotlib.axes.Axes.transAxes transform will be used.
The legend's title. Default is no title (None).
FontProperties or dict
The font properties of the legend's title. If None (default), the title_fontsize argument will be used if present; if title_fontsize is also None, the current rcParams["legend.title_fontsize"] (default: None) will be used.
rcParams["legend.title_fontsize"] (default: None)
The font size of the legend's title. Note: This cannot be combined with title_fontproperties. If you want to set the fontsize alongside other font properties, use the size parameter in title_fontproperties.
The alignment of the legend title and the box of entries. The entries are aligned as a single block, so that markers always lined up.
rcParams["legend.borderpad"] (default: 0.4)
The fractional whitespace inside the legend border, in font-size units.
rcParams["legend.labelspacing"] (default: 0.5)
The vertical space between the legend entries, in font-size units.
rcParams["legend.handlelength"] (default: 2.0)
The length of the legend handles, in font-size units.
rcParams["legend.handleheight"] (default: 0.7)
The height of the legend handles, in font-size units.
rcParams["legend.handletextpad"] (default: 0.8)
The pad between the legend handle and text, in font-size units.
rcParams["legend.borderaxespad"] (default: 0.5)
The pad between the Axes and legend border, in font-size units.
rcParams["legend.columnspacing"] (default: 2.0)
The spacing between columns, in font-size units.
The custom dictionary mapping instances or types to a legend handler. This handler_map updates the default handler map found at matplotlib.legend.Legend.get_legend_handler_map.
Whether the legend can be dragged with the mouse.
Notes
Some artists are not supported by this function. See Legend guide for details.
Set the current Axes to be a and return a.
Set multiple properties at once.
Supported properties are
Set the edge color of the Figure rectangle.
Set the face color of the Figure rectangle.
Deprecated since version 3.10: Currently this method will raise an exception if fig is anything other than the root Figure this (Sub)Figure is on. In future it will always raise an exception.
Set the figure's background patch visibility, i.e. whether the figure background will be drawn. Equivalent to Figure.patch.set_visible().
Set the line width of the Figure rectangle.
Add a set of subfigures to this figure or subfigure.
A subfigure has the same artist methods as a figure, and is logically the same as a figure, but cannot print itself. See Figure subfigures.
Changed in version 3.10: subfigures are now added in row-major order.
Number of rows/columns of the subfigure grid.
If True, extra dimensions are squeezed out from the returned array of subfigures.
The amount of width/height reserved for space between subfigures, expressed as a fraction of the average subfigure width/height. If not given, the values will be inferred from rcParams if using constrained layout (see ConstrainedLayoutEngine), or zero if not using a layout engine.
Defines the relative widths of the columns. Each column gets a relative width of width_ratios[i] / sum(width_ratios). If not given, all columns will have the same width.
Defines the relative heights of the rows. Each row gets a relative height of height_ratios[i] / sum(height_ratios). If not given, all rows will have the same height.
Build a layout of Axes based on ASCII art or nested lists.
This is a helper function to build complex GridSpec layouts visually.
See Complex and semantic figure composition (subplot_mosaic) for an example and full API documentation
A visual layout of how you want your Axes to be arranged labeled as strings. For example
x = [['A panel', 'A panel', 'edge'],
['C panel', '.', 'edge']]
produces 4 Axes:
'A panel' which is 1 row high and spans the first two columns
'edge' which is 2 rows high and is on the right edge
'C panel' which in 1 row and 1 column wide in the bottom left
a blank space 1 row and 1 column wide in the bottom center
Any of the entries in the layout can be a list of lists of the same form to create nested layouts.
If input is a str, then it can either be a multi-line string of the form
where each character is a column and each line is a row. Or it can be a single-line string where rows are separated by ;:
The string notation allows only single character Axes labels and does not support nesting but is very terse.
The Axes identifiers may be str or a non-iterable hashable object (e.g. tuple s may not be used).
If True, the x-axis (sharex) or y-axis (sharey) will be shared among all subplots. In that case, tick label visibility and axis units behave as for subplots. If False, each subplot's x- or y-axis will be independent.
Defines the relative widths of the columns. Each column gets a relative width of width_ratios[i] / sum(width_ratios). If not given, all columns will have the same width. Equivalent to gridspec_kw={'width_ratios': [...]}. In the case of nested layouts, this argument applies only to the outer layout.
Defines the relative heights of the rows. Each row gets a relative height of height_ratios[i] / sum(height_ratios). If not given, all rows will have the same height. Equivalent to gridspec_kw={'height_ratios': [...]}. In the case of nested layouts, this argument applies only to the outer layout.
Dictionary with keywords passed to the Figure.add_subplot call used to create each subplot. These values may be overridden by values in per_subplot_kw.
A dictionary mapping the Axes identifiers or tuples of identifiers to a dictionary of keyword arguments to be passed to the Figure.add_subplot call used to create each subplot. The values in these dictionaries have precedence over the values in subplot_kw.
If mosaic is a string, and thus all keys are single characters, it is possible to use a single string instead of a tuple as keys; i.e. "AB" is equivalent to ("A", "B").
Added in version 3.7.
Dictionary with keywords passed to the GridSpec constructor used to create the grid the subplots are placed on. In the case of nested layouts, this argument applies only to the outer layout. For more complex layouts, users should use Figure.subfigures to create the nesting.
Entry in the layout to mean "leave this space empty". Defaults to '.'. Note, if layout is a string, it is processed via inspect.cleandoc to remove leading white space, which may interfere with using white-space as the empty sentinel.
A dictionary mapping the labels to the Axes objects. The order of the Axes is left-to-right and top-to-bottom of their position in the total layout.
Add a set of subplots to this figure.
This utility wrapper makes it convenient to create common layouts of subplots in a single call.
Number of rows/columns of the subplot grid.
Controls sharing of x-axis (sharex) or y-axis (sharey):
True or 'all': x- or y-axis will be shared among all subplots.
False or 'none': each subplot x- or y-axis will be independent.
'row': each subplot row will share an x- or y-axis.
'col': each subplot column will share an x- or y-axis.
When subplots have a shared x-axis along a column, only the x tick labels of the bottom subplot are created. Similarly, when subplots have a shared y-axis along a row, only the y tick labels of the first column subplot are created. To later turn other subplots' ticklabels on, use tick_params.
When subplots have a shared axis that has units, calling Axis.set_units will update each axis with the new units.
Note that it is not possible to unshare axes.
If True, extra dimensions are squeezed out from the returned array of Axes:
if only one subplot is constructed (nrows=ncols=1), the resulting single Axes object is returned as a scalar.
for Nx1 or 1xM subplots, the returned object is a 1D numpy object array of Axes objects.
for NxM, subplots with N>1 and M>1 are returned as a 2D array.
If False, no squeezing at all is done: the returned Axes object is always a 2D array containing Axes instances, even if it ends up being 1x1.
Defines the relative widths of the columns. Each column gets a relative width of width_ratios[i] / sum(width_ratios). If not given, all columns will have the same width. Equivalent to gridspec_kw={'width_ratios': [...]}.
Defines the relative heights of the rows. Each row gets a relative height of height_ratios[i] / sum(height_ratios). If not given, all rows will have the same height. Equivalent to gridspec_kw={'height_ratios': [...]}.
Dict with keywords passed to the Figure.add_subplot call used to create each subplot.
Dict with keywords passed to the GridSpec constructor used to create the grid the subplots are placed on.
Axes or array of Axes
Either a single Axes object or an array of Axes objects if more than one subplot was created. The dimensions of the resulting array can be controlled with the squeeze keyword, see above.
Examples
# First create some toy data:
x = np.linspace(0, 2*np.pi, 400)
y = np.sin(x**2)
# Create a figure
fig = plt.figure()
# Create a subplot
ax = fig.subplots()
ax.plot(x, y)
ax.set_title('Simple plot')
# Create two subplots and unpack the output array immediately
ax1, ax2 = fig.subplots(1, 2, sharey=True)
ax1.plot(x, y)
ax1.set_title('Sharing Y axis')
ax2.scatter(x, y)
# Create four polar Axes and access them through the returned array
axes = fig.subplots(2, 2, subplot_kw=dict(projection='polar'))
axes[0, 0].plot(x, y)
axes[1, 1].scatter(x, y)
# Share an X-axis with each column of subplots
fig.subplots(2, 2, sharex='col')
# Share a Y-axis with each row of subplots
fig.subplots(2, 2, sharey='row')
# Share both X- and Y-axes with all subplots
fig.subplots(2, 2, sharex='all', sharey='all')
# Note that this is the same as
fig.subplots(2, 2, sharex=True, sharey=True)
Adjust the subplot layout parameters.
Unset parameters are left unmodified; initial values are given by rcParams["figure.subplot.[name]"].
(Source code, 2x.png, png)
The position of the left edge of the subplots, as a fraction of the figure width.
The position of the right edge of the subplots, as a fraction of the figure width.
The position of the bottom edge of the subplots, as a fraction of the figure height.
The position of the top edge of the subplots, as a fraction of the figure height.
The width of the padding between subplots, as a fraction of the average Axes width.
The height of the padding between subplots, as a fraction of the average Axes height.
Add a centered super title to the figure.
The super title text.
The x location of the text in figure coordinates.
The y location of the text in figure coordinates.
The horizontal alignment of the text relative to (x, y).
The vertical alignment of the text relative to (x, y).
rcParams["figure.titlesize"] (default: 'large')
The font size of the text. See Text.set_size for possible values.
rcParams["figure.titleweight"] (default: 'normal')
The font weight of the text. See Text.set_weight for possible values.
The Text instance of the super title.
A dict of font properties. If fontproperties is given the default values for font size and weight are taken from the FontProperties defaults. rcParams["figure.titlesize"] (default: 'large') and rcParams["figure.titleweight"] (default: 'normal') are ignored in this case.
Additional kwargs are matplotlib.text.Text properties.
Add a centered super xlabel to the figure.
The super xlabel text.
The x location of the text in figure coordinates.
The y location of the text in figure coordinates.
The horizontal alignment of the text relative to (x, y).
The vertical alignment of the text relative to (x, y).
rcParams["figure.labelsize"] (default: 'large')
The font size of the text. See Text.set_size for possible values.
rcParams["figure.labelweight"] (default: 'normal')
The font weight of the text. See Text.set_weight for possible values.
The Text instance of the super xlabel.
A dict of font properties. If fontproperties is given the default values for font size and weight are taken from the FontProperties defaults. rcParams["figure.labelsize"] (default: 'large') and rcParams["figure.labelweight"] (default: 'normal') are ignored in this case.
Additional kwargs are matplotlib.text.Text properties.
Add a centered super ylabel to the figure.
The super ylabel text.
The x location of the text in figure coordinates.
The y location of the text in figure coordinates.
The horizontal alignment of the text relative to (x, y).
The vertical alignment of the text relative to (x, y).
rcParams["figure.labelsize"] (default: 'large')
The font size of the text. See Text.set_size for possible values.
rcParams["figure.labelweight"] (default: 'normal')
The font weight of the text. See Text.set_weight for possible values.
The Text instance of the super ylabel.
A dict of font properties. If fontproperties is given the default values for font size and weight are taken from the FontProperties defaults. rcParams["figure.labelsize"] (default: 'large') and rcParams["figure.labelweight"] (default: 'normal') are ignored in this case.
Additional kwargs are matplotlib.text.Text properties.
Add text to figure.
The position to place the text. By default, this is in figure coordinates, floats in [0, 1]. The coordinate system can be changed using the transform keyword.
The text string.
A dictionary to override the default text properties. If not given, the defaults are determined by rcParams["font.*"]. Properties passed as kwargs override the corresponding ones given in fontdict.
Text
Text properties
Other miscellaneous text parameters.
Calculate the width and height for a figure with a specified aspect ratio.
While the height is taken from rcParams["figure.figsize"] (default: [6.4, 4.8]), the width is adjusted to match the desired aspect ratio. Additionally, it is ensured that the width is in the range [4., 16.] and the height is in the range [2., 16.]. If necessary, the default height is adjusted to ensure this.
If a float, this defines the aspect ratio (i.e. the ratio height / width). In case of an array the aspect ratio is number of rows / number of columns, so that the array could be fitted in the figure undistorted.
The width and height of the figure in inches.
Notes
If you want to create an Axes within the figure, that still preserves the aspect ratio, be sure to create it with equal width and height. See examples below.
Thanks to Fernando Perez for this function.
Examples
Make a figure twice as tall as it is wide:
w, h = figaspect(2.) fig = Figure(figsize=(w, h)) ax = fig.add_axes((0.1, 0.1, 0.8, 0.8)) ax.imshow(A, **kwargs)
Make a figure with the proper aspect for an array:
A = rand(5, 3) w, h = figaspect(A) fig = Figure(figsize=(w, h)) ax = fig.add_axes((0.1, 0.1, 0.8, 0.8)) ax.imshow(A, **kwargs)
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