MariaDB 101: Learning the Basics of MariaDB
This guide details the parameters for connecting to a MariaDB server using client programs like mariadb. Learn about default connection behaviors and how to use various command-line options to customize your connection, including secure TLS configurations.
While the examples focus on the mariadb command-line client, the concepts apply to other clients like graphical interfaces or backup utilities (e.g., mariadb-dump). If you are completely new to MariaDB, refer to A MariaDB Primer first.
When a connection parameter is not explicitly provided, a default value is used. To connect using only default values with the mariadb client:
In this scenario, the following defaults typically apply:
User name: Your Unix login name (on Unix-like systems) or ODBC (on Windows).
Password: No password is sent.
Database: The client connects to the server but not to a specific database by default.
Socket: The default socket file is used for connection.
You can override these defaults by specifying parameters. For example:
mariadb -h 166.78.144.191 -u username -ppassword database_nameIn this example:
-h 166.78.144.191: Specifies the host IP address instead of localhost.
-u username: Specifies username as the MariaDB user.
-ppassword: Specifies password as the password.
Note: For passwords, there must be no space between -p and the password value.
Security Warning: Providing a password directly on the command line is insecure as it can be visible to other users on the system. It's more secure to use -p without the password value, which will prompt you to enter it.
database_name: This is the name of the database to connect to, provided as the first argument after all options.
The connection will use the default TCP/IP port (usually 3306).
The following are common connection parameters:
Connects to the MariaDB server on the given host.
Default: localhost.
MariaDB typically does not permit remote logins by default; see Configuring MariaDB for Remote Client Access.
Specifies the password for the MariaDB account.
Security Best Practice: For improved security, use the -p or --password option without providing the password value directly on the command line. You will be prompted to enter it, preventing it from being visible in command history or process lists.
(Windows only) Connects to the server using a named pipe, if the server was started with the --enable-named-pipe option.
Specifies the TCP/IP port number for the connection.
Default: 3306.
Specifies the connection protocol. Possible values (case-insensitive): TCP, SOCKET, PIPE, MEMORY. The default protocol is typically the most efficient for the operating system (e.g., SOCKET on Unix).
TCP: TCP/IP connection (local or remote). Available on all OS.
SOCKET: Unix socket file connection (local server on Unix systems only). If --socket is not specified, the default is /tmp/mysql.sock.
PIPE: Named-pipe connection (local or remote). Windows only.
MEMORY: Shared-memory connection (local server on Windows systems only).
--shared-memory-base-name=name
(Windows only) Specifies the shared-memory name for connecting to a local server started with the --shared-memory option. The value is case-sensitive.
Default: MARIADB.
For connections to localhost:
On Unix: Specifies the Unix socket file to use. Default: /tmp/mysql.sock.
On Windows: Specifies the name (case-insensitive) of the named pipe if the server was started with --enable-named-pipe. Default: MARIADB.
Specifies the MariaDB user name for the connection.
Default: Your Unix login name (on Unix-like systems) or ODBC (on Windows).
See the GRANT command for information on creating MariaDB user accounts.
These options control the use of TLS (Transport Layer Security) for secure connections. For comprehensive details, see Secure Connections Overview and TLS System Variables.
--ssl: Enable TLS for the connection. Automatically enabled if other --ssl-* flags are used. Disable with --skip-ssl.
--ssl-ca=name: CA (Certificate Authority) file in PEM format. (Implies --ssl).
--ssl-capath=name: Directory containing CA certificates in PEM format. (Implies --ssl).
--ssl-cert=name: Client X.509 certificate in PEM format. (Implies --ssl).
--ssl-cipher=name: Specific TLS cipher(s) to use for the connection. (Implies --ssl).
--ssl-key=name: Client X.509 private key in PEM format. (Implies --ssl).
--ssl-crl=name: Certificate Revocation List (CRL) file in PEM format. (Implies --ssl).
--ssl-crlpath=name: Directory containing CRL files. (Implies --ssl).
--ssl-verify-server-cert: Verifies the server's certificate "Common Name" against the hostname used for connecting. Disabled by default.
Connection parameters and other options can also be set in option files (configuration files), which most MariaDB clients read upon startup. To see which option files a client reads and the option groups it recognizes, typically run the client with the --help option.
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