MariaDB Corporation has a MariaDB vs MySQL white paper available for download.
See also MariaDB vs MySQL - Compatibility
For differences between specific releases, see
For a detailed breakdown of system variable differences, see:
For a detailed breakdown of function differences, see:
In addition to the standard MyISAM, BLACKHOLE, CSV, MEMORY, ARCHIVE, and MERGE storage engines, the following are also included with MariaDB Source and Binary packages:
ColumnStore, a column oriented storage engine optimized for Data warehousing.
MyRocks, a storage engine with great compression, in 10.2
Aria, MyISAM replacement with better caching.
MariaDB now provides much faster privilege checks for setups with many user accounts or many database
The new FLUSH SSL command allows SSL certificates to be reloaded without restarting the server
Many optimizer enhancements in MariaDB 5.3. Subqueries are now finally usable. The complete list and a comparison with MySQL is here. A benchmark can be found here .
Improvements for InnoDB asynchronous IO subsystem on Windows.
Indexes for the MEMORY(HEAP) engine are faster. According to a simple test, 24% faster on INSERT for integer index and 60% faster for index on a CHAR(20) column. Fixed in MariaDB 5.5 and MySQL 5.7.
Adjustable hash size for MyISAM and Aria. This can greatly improve shutdown time (from hours to minutes) if using a lot of MyISAM/Aria tables with delayed keys — new in 10.0.13
We improved the performance of character set conversions (and removed conversions when they were not really needed). Overall speed improvement is 1-5 % (according to sql-bench) but can be higher for big result sets with all characters between 0x00-0x7f.
Several speed improvements when a client connects to MariaDB. Many of the improvements were done in MariaDB 10.1 and MariaDB 10.2.
There are some improvements to the DBUG code to make its execution faster when debug is compiled in but not used.
Our use of the Aria storage engine enables faster complex queries (queries which normally use disk-based temporary tables). The Aria storage engine is used for internal temporary tables, which should give a speedup when doing complex selects. Aria is usually faster for temporary tables when compared to MyISAM because Aria caches row data in memory and normally doesn't have to write the temporary rows to disk.
The test suite has been extended and now runs much faster than before, even though it tests more things.
We've added a lot of new features to MariaDB. If a patch or feature is useful, safe, and stable — we make every effort to include it in MariaDB. The most notable features are:
Support introduced for System-versioned tables. Allows queries to access both current and historic data, aiding in managing retention, analysis and point-in-time recovery. — new in 10.3
In order to support the use of multiple authentication plugins for a single user, the mysql.user system table has been retired in favor of the mysql.glob_priv system table. — new in 10.4
Support introduced for Optimizer Trace , which provides detailed information on how the Optimizer processes queries. To enable Optimizer Trace, set the optimizer_trace system variable — new in 10.4
Oracle compatible SUBSTR() function is available — new in 10.3
Oracle compatible SEQUENCE support is provided — new in 10.3
Cursors with parameters are now supported — new in 10.3
Number of supported decimals in DECIMAL has increased from 30 to 38 — new in 10.2
New WITH statement. WITH is a common table expression that allows one to refer to a subquery expression many times in a query — new in 10.2
Added --rewrite-db mysqlbinlog option to change the used database — new in 5.2
SHOW EXPLAIN gives the EXPLAIN plan for a query running in another thread. — new in 10.0
For a full list, please see features for each release
More tests in the test suite.
Test builds with different configure options to get better feature testing.
Remove invalid tests. (e.g. don't test feature ''X'' if that feature is not in the tested build)
Bugs are bad. Fix as many bugs as possible and try to not introduce new ones.
Compiler warnings are also bad. Eliminate as many compiler warnings as possible.
All code in MariaDB is released under GPL, LGPL or BSD.
MariaDB does not have closed source modules like the ones that can be found in MySQL Enterprise Edition. In fact, all the closed source features in MySQL 5.5 Enterprise Edition are found in the MariaDB open source version.
MariaDB client libraries (for C, for Java (JDBC), for Windows (ODBC)) are released under LGPL to allow linking with closed source software. MySQL client libraries are released under GPL that does not allow linking with closed source software.
MariaDB includes test cases for all fixed bugs. Oracle doesn't provide test cases for new bugs fixed in MySQL 5.5.
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