A ceramic/ceramic nanocomposite powder of WC/MgO has been fabricated by high-energy ball milling a mixture of elemental Mg and powders of C with WO3 under an argon gas atmosphere at room temperature. During the early stage of milling (at 1.8 ks), the WO3 and C powders are embedded into the soft matrix of Mg (the reducing agent) particles to form coarse composite powders of the reactant materials. Increasing the milling time (to 22 ks) leads to the formation of fresh active surfaces of Mg, which have a high reducing potential and react with the WO3 in a typical oxidation/reduction reaction. At the end of this stage (at 43 ks), the Mg powders are oxidized to MgO, whereas the WO3 is reduced completely to metallic W. During the last stage of milling (86 to 173 ks), a solid-state reaction takes place between W and the unreacted C powders to yield nanocomposite WC/MgO particles. This end-product was consolidated in vacuum at 1963 K with a pressure of 19.6 to 38.2 MPa for 0.3 ks, using a plasma-activated sintering (PAS) method. The sintered sample is fully dense (above 99.5 pct of the theoretical density) and contains nanocrystalline grains of less than 50 nm in diameter. This fine grain structure offers an opportunity for the composite material to combine high values of two opposite properties, i.e., hardness and fracture toughness (K c ), of 15 GPa and 14 MPa √m, respectively. Here, we propose this nanocomposite material for a wide range of industrial applications, including tips for cutting tools and tips for oil drilling equipment.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this article Subscribe and saveSpringer+ Basic
€34.99 /Month
Price includes VAT (Germany)
Instant access to the full article PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others Explore related subjectsDiscover the latest articles and news from researchers in related subjects, suggested using machine learning. ReferencesJ.S. Benjamin: Metall. Trans., 1970, vol. 1, pp. 2943–51.
L.G. Wright and A. Wilox: Metall. Trans., 1974, vol. 5, pp. 957–60.
G.H. Gessinger: Metall. Trans. A, 1976, vol. 7A, pp. 1203–09.
C.C. Koch, O.B. Cavin, C.G. MacKamey, and J.O. Scarbourgh: Appl. Phys. Lett., 1983, vol. 43, pp. 1017–19.
R. Schwarz and C.C. Koch: Appl. Phys. Lett., 1986, vol. 49, pp. 146–49.
M. Sherif El-Eskandarany: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1996, vol. 27A, pp. 3267–78.
M. Sherif El-Eskandarany, K. Aoki, K. Sumiyama, and K. Suzuki: Appl. Phys. Lett., 1997, vol. 70, pp. 1679–81.
M. Sherif El-Eskandarany, M. Omori, T.J. Konno, K. Sumiyama, T. Hirai, and K. Suzuki: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1998, vol. 29A, pp. 1973–81.
M. Sherif El-Eskandarany, H.A. Ahmed, K. Sumiyama, and K. Suzuki: J. Alloys Compounds, 1995, vol. 218 (1), pp. 36–43.
M. Sherif El-Eskandarany: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1996, vol. 27A, pp. 2374–82.
M. Sherif El-Eskandarany: J. Alloys Compounds, 1998, vol. 279, pp. 263–71.
M. Sherif El-Eskandarany, K. Aoki, and K. Suzuki: J. Less-Common Met., 1990, vol. 167, pp. 113–18.
M. Sherif El-Eskandarany: Mater. Trans. JIM, 1995, vol. 36, pp. 182–87
M. Sherif El-Eskandarany, M. Omori, M. Ishikuro, T.J. Konno, K. Takada, K. Sumiyama, T. Hirai, and K. Suzuki: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1996, vol. 27A, pp. 4210–13.
Stephen W.H. Yih and Chun T. Wang: Tungsten, Plenum Press, New York, NY, 1979, p. 392.
S. Mi and T.H. Courtney: Scripta Metall., 1997, vol. 38, pp. 171–76.
M. Ishiyama: Proc. Powder Metallurgy World Congr., Japan Society of Powder and Powder Metallurgy, JSPM, Kyoto, 1993, pp. 931–34.
G.R. Anstis, P. Chantikul, B.R. Lawn, and D.B. Marshall: J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 1981, vol. 64 (9), pp. 533–38.
Fracture Mechanics Applied to Brittle Materials, S.W. Freiman, ASTM Special Technical Publication No. 678, S.W. Freiman, ed., ASTM, Philadelphia, PA, 1979.
F.R. Boer, R. Boom, W.C. Mattens, A.R. Miedema, and A.K. Nissen: Cohesion in Metals—Transition Metal Alloys, 1 st ed., North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1988, vol. 1, pp. 751 and 754.
M. Sherif El-Eskandarany: J. Jpn. Soc. Powder and Powder Metallurgy (JSPM), 1997, vol. 44, pp. 1131–41.
W.D. Schubert, H. Neumeister, G. Kinger, and B. Lux: Int. J. Refr. Met. Hard Mater., 1998, vol. 16 (2) pp. 133–42.
M. Sherif El-Eskandarany (Visiting Professor, Associate Professor) & K. Suzuki (Professor, formerly Dean, Executive Senior Advisor)
Present address: Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 980-8577, Sendai, Japan
Materials Science and Physical Metallurgy, Mining and Petroleum Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Al Azhar University, Nasr City, 11371, Cairo, Egypt
M. Sherif El-Eskandarany (Visiting Professor, Associate Professor)
Department of High-Temperature Materials Science, the Institute for Materials Research, Japan
M. Omori (Research Associate) & T. Hirai (Professor)
Department of Chemical Physics of Non-Crystalline Materials, the Institute for Materials Research, Japan
T. J. Konno (Research Associate) & K. Sumiyama (Associate Professor)
Sumitomo Metal Industries Ltd., Advanced Materials Research, 660-0891, Amagasaki, Japan
K. Suzuki (Professor, formerly Dean, Executive Senior Advisor)
El-Eskandarany, M.S., Omori, M., Hirai, T. et al. Synthesizing of nanocomposite WC/MgO powders by mechanical solid-state reduction and subsequent plasma-activated sintering. Metall Mater Trans A 32, 157–164 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-001-0111-0
Received: 18 March 1999
Issue Date: January 2001
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-001-0111-0
RetroSearch is an open source project built by @garambo | Open a GitHub Issue
Search and Browse the WWW like it's 1997 | Search results from DuckDuckGo
HTML:
3.2
| Encoding:
UTF-8
| Version:
0.7.4