Liu YC, Hwang BJ (2000) Enhancement of conductivity stability of polypyrrole films modified by valence copper and polyethylene oxide in an oxygen atmosphere. Thin Solid Films 360:1–9

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Sharma G, Pathania D, Naushad M, Kothiyal NC (2014) Fabrication, characterization and antimicrobial activity of polyaniline Th(IV) tungstomolybdophosphate nanocomposite material: efficient removal of toxic metal ions from water. Chem Eng J 251:413–421

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Gupta VK, Jain R, Agarwal S, Shrivastava M (2011) Removal of the hazardous dye—tartrazine by photodegradation on titanium dioxide surface. Mat Sci Eng C 31:1062–1067

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Gupta VK, Pathania D, Asif M, Sharma G (2014) Liquid phase synthesis of pectin–cadmium sulfide nanocomposite and its photocatalytic and antibacterial activity. J Mol Liq 196:107–112

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Saleh TA, Gupta VK (2012) Photo-catalyzed degradation of hazardous dye methyl orange by use of a composite catalyst consisting of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and titanium dioxide. J Colloids Interface Sci 371:101–106

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Khani H, Rofouei MK, Arab P, Gupta VK, Vafaei Z (2010) Multi-walled carbon nanotubes-ionic liquid-carbon paste electrode as a super selectivity sensor: application to potentiometric monitoring of mercury ion(II). J Hazard Mater 183:402–409

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Gupta VK, Jain R, Mittal A, Saleh TA, Nayak A, Agarwal S, Sikarwar S (2012) Photo-catalytic degradation of toxic dye amaranth on TiO₂/UV in aqueous suspensions. Mat Sci Eng C 32(1):12–17

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Gupta VK, Mittal A, Mittal J (2010) Decoloration treatment of a hazardous triarylmethane dye, light green SF (yellowish) by waste material adsorbents. J Colloid Interface Sci Z4:2518–2527

Google Scholar 

Gupta VK, Agarwal S, Saleh TA (2011) Synthesis and characterization of alumina-coated carbon nanotubes and their application for lead removal. J Hazard Mat 185:17–23

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

National Science and Technological Council, Committee on Technology, Subcommittee on Nanoscale Science and Technology, Nanotechnology and the Environment, A report of the National Nanotechnology Initiative Workshop, National Nanotechnology Coordination Office, Arlington, VA, May 2003

Mahmoud ME, Hafez OF, Alrefaay A, Osman MM (2010) Performance evaluation of hybrid inorganic/organic adsorbents in removal and preconcentration of heavy metals from drinking and industrial waste water. Desalination 253:9–15

Emamjomeh MM, Sivakumar M (2009) Review of pollutants removed by electrocoagulation and electrocoagulation/flotation processes. J Environ Manag 90:1663–1679

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Merzouk B, Gourich B, Sekki A, Madani K, Chibane M (2009) Removal turbidity and separation of heavy metals using electrocoagulation–electroflotation technique. A case study. J Hazard Mater 164:215–222

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Chen Q, Luo Z, Hills C, Xue G, Tyrer M (2009) Precipitation of heavy metals from wastewater using simulated flue gas: sequent additions of fly ash, lime and carbon dioxide. Water Res 43:2605–2614

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Gupta VK, Ali I, Saleh TA, Nayak A, Agarwal S (2012) Chemical treatment technologies for wastewater recycling—a review. RSC Advances 2:6380–6388

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Soldatov VS, Shunkevich AA, Sergeev GI (1988) Synthesis, structure and properties of new fibrous ion exchangers. React Polym 7:159–172

CAS  Google Scholar 

Zagorodni AA (2006) Ion exchange materials: properties and applications, 1st edn. Elsevier, Amsterdam

Google Scholar 

Naushad M (2008) A new ion-selective electrode based on aluminium tungstate for Fe(III) determination in rock sample, pharmaceutical sample and water sample. B Mater Sci 31:957–965

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Khan MMA, Rafiuddin I (2014) Synthesis, characterization, thermal behaviour and transport properties of polyvinyl chloride based zirconium phosphate composite membrane. J Environ Chem Eng 2:471–476

Article  Google Scholar 

Pathania D, Sharma G, Naushad M, Kumar A (2014) Synthesis and characterization of a new nanocomposite cation exchanger polyacrylamide Ce (IV) silicophosphate: photocatalytic and antimicrobial applications. J Ind Eng Chem 20:3596–3603

Pathania D, Sharma G, Kothiyal NC, Kumar A (2014) Fabrication of nanocomposite polyaniline zirconium(IV) silicophosphate for photocatalytic and antimicrobial activity. J Alloys Compd 588:668–675

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

ALOthman ZA, Inamuddin, Naushad M (2011) Adsorption thermodynamics of trichloroacetic acid herbicide on polypyrrole Th(IV) phosphate composite cation-exchanger. Chem Eng J 169:38–42

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Fujishima A, Rao TN, Tryk DA (2000) Titanium dioxide photocatalysis. J Photobiol Photobio C 1:1–21

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Butterworth MD, Corradi R, Johal J, Lascelles SF, Maeda S, Armes SP (1995) Zeta potential measurements on conducting polymer-inorganic oxide nanocomposite particles. J Colloid Interf Sci 174:510–516

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Maeda S, Armes SP (1994) Preparation and characterisation of novel polypyrrole–silica colloidal nanocomposites. Mater Chem 4:935–942

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Anand J, Palaniappan S, Sathyanranayana DN (1998) Conducting polyaniline blends and composites. Prog Polym Sci 23:993–1018

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Huang J (2006) Syntheses and applications of conducting polymer polyaniline nanofibers. Pure Appl Chem 78:15–27

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Kumar A, Sharma G, Naushad M, Kalia S, Singh P (2014) Polyacrylamide/Ni0.02Zn0.98O nanocomposite with high solar light photocatalytic activity and efficient adsorption capacity for toxic dyes removal. Ind Eng Chem Res. doi:10.1021/ie5018173

Bejbouj H, Vignau L, Miane JL, Olinga T, Wantz G, Mouhsen A, Oualim EM, Harmouchi M (2010) Influence of the nature of polyaniline-based hole-injecting layer on polymer light emitting diode performances. Mater Sci Eng B 166:185–189

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Lee I, Luo X, Huang J, Cui XT, Yun M (2012) Detection of cardiac biomarkers using single polyaniline nanowire-based conductometric biosensors. Biosensors 2:205–220

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Wojkiewicz JL, Bliznyuk VN, Carquigny S, Elkamchi N, Redon N, Lasri T, Pud AA, Reynaud S (2011) Nanostructured polyaniline-based composites for ppb range ammonia sensing. Sens Actuators B 160:1394–1403

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Huang YF, Chang CS, Lin CW (2012) An effective layout of polyaniline nanofibers incorporated in membrane-electrode assembly as methanol transport regulator for direct methanol fuel cells. Int J Hydrogen Energy 37:11975–11983

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Ciric-Marjanovic G (2013) Recent advances in polyaniline composites with metals, metalloids and non-metals. Synthet Metals 170:31–56

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Sih BC, Wolf MO (2005) Metal nanoparticle-conjugated polymer nanocomposites. Chem Commun 27:3375–3384

Article  Google Scholar 

Sekar M, Sakthi V, Rengaraj S (2004) Kinetics and equilibrium adsorption study of lead(II) onto activated carbon prepared from coconut shell. J Colloid Interface Sci 279:307–313

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Akar ST, Akar T, Kaynak Z, Anilan B, Cabuk A, Tabak AZ, Demir TA, Gedikbey T (2009) Removal of copper(II) ions from synthetic solution and real wastewater by the combined action of dried Trametes versicolor cells and montmorillonite. Hydrometallurgy 97:98–104

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Stejskal J, Gilbert RG (2002) Polyaniline preparation of a conducting polymer (IUPAC technical report). Pure Appl Chem 74:857–867

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Gupta VK, Pathania D, Kothiyal NC, Sharma G (2014) Polyaniline zirconium (IV) silicophosphate nanocomposite for remediation of methylene blue dye from waste water. J Mol Liquid 190:139–145

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Siddiqi ZM, Pathania D (2003) Titanium(IV) tungstosilicate and titanium(IV) tungstophosphate: two new inorganic ion exchangers. J Chromatro A 987:147–158

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Gupta VK, Agarwal S, Pathania D, Kothiyal NC, Sharma G (2013) Use of pectin–thorium (IV) tungstomolybdate nanocomposite for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue. Carbohyd Polym 96:277–283

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Topp NE, Pepper KW (1949) Properties of ion-exchange resins in relation to their structure. Part I. Titration curves. J Chem Soc 3299–3303

Naushad M (2014) Surfactant assisted nano-composite cation exchanger: development, characterization and applications for the removal of toxic Pb²⁺ from aqueous medium. Chem Eng J 235:100–108

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Khan AA, Paquiza L (2011) Characterization and ion-exchange behavior of thermally stable nano-composite polyaniline zirconium titanium phosphate: its analytical application in separation of toxic metals. Desalination 265:242–254

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Nabi SA, Bushra R, Naushad M, Khan A (2010) Synthesis, characterization and analytical applications of a new composite cation exchange material, poly-o-toluidine stannicmolybdate for the separation of toxic metal ions. Chem Eng J 165:529–536

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

AL-Othman ZA, Naushad M, Inamuddin (2011) Organic–inorganic type composite cation exchanger poly-o-toluidine Zr(IV) tungstate: preparation, physicochemical characterization and its analytical application in separation of heavy metals. Chem Eng J 172:369–375

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Nabi SA, Usmani S, Rahman N (1996) Synthesis, characterization and analytical application of ion exchange material: zirconium (IV) iodophosphate. Ann Chim Sci Mat 21:521–530

CAS  Google Scholar 

Mesalam MMA (2003) Sorption kinetics of copper, zinc, cadmium and nickel ions on synthesized silico-antimonate ion exchanger. Colloid Surf A Phys Eng Aspects 225:85–94

Article  Google Scholar 

Nachod FC, Wood W (1944) The reaction velocity of ion exchange. J Am Chem Soc 66:1380–1384

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Davies M (1963) Infrared spectroscopy and molecular structure. Elsevier, Amsterdam, p 318

Google Scholar 

Rao CNR (1963) Chemical applications of infrared spectroscopy. Academic, NY, p 355

Google Scholar 

Miller FA, Wilkins CH (1952) Infrared spectra and characteristic frequencies of inorganic ions. Anal Chem 24:1253–1294

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Davis M (1963) Infrared spectroscopy and molecular structure. Elsevier, Amsterdam, p 318

Google Scholar 

Rao CNR (1963) Chemical applications of infrared spectroscopy. Academic, NY, p 250

Google Scholar 

Mohammad F, Nalwa HS (2000) Handbook of advanced electronic and photonic materials and devices. Academic, New York, p 321

Google Scholar 

Ganguli AK, Ahmad T, Vaidya S, Ahmed J (2008) Microemulsion route to the synthesis of nanoparticles. Pure Appl Chem 80:2451–2477

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Sultana S, Rafiuddin KMZ, Umar K (2012) Synthesis and characterization of copper ferrite nanoparticles doped polyaniline. J Alloys Compd 535:44–49

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Shumaila LGBVS, Alam M, Siddiqui AM, Zulfequar M, Husain M (2010) Synthesis and characterization of Se doped polyaniline. Curr Appl Phys 11:217–222

Article  Google Scholar 

Rathore BS, Sharma G, Pathania D, Gupta VK (2014) Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity of cellulose acetate-tin (IV) phosphate nanocomposite. Carbohydr Polym 103:221–227

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Khan AA, Khan A, Inamuddin (2007) Preparation and characterization of a new organic–inorganic nano-composite poly-o-toluidine Th(IV) phosphate: its analytical applications as cation-exchanger and in making ion-selective electrode. Talanta 72:699–710

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Nabi SA, Shahadat M, Bushra R, Shalla AH, Ahmed F (2010) Development of composite ion-exchange adsorbent for pollutants removal from environmental waste. Chem Eng J 165:405–412

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Nabi SA, Shalla AH (2009) Synthesis, characterization and analytical application of hybrid; acrylamide zirconium (IV) arsenate a cation exchanger, effect of dielectric constant on distribution coefficient of metal ions. J Hazard Mater 163:657–664

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Sharma G, Pathania D, Naushad M (2014) Preparation, characterization and antimicrobial activity of biopolymer based nanocomposite ion exchanger pectin zirconium (IV) selenotungstophosphate: application for removal of toxic metals. J Ind Eng Chem 20:4482–4490. doi:10.1016/j.jiec.2014.02.020

Article  CAS  Google Scholar