We discuss the different physical processes that are important to understand the thermal X-ray emission and absorption spectra of the diffuse gas in clusters of galaxies and the warm-hot intergalactic medium. The ionisation balance, line and continuum emission and absorption properties are reviewed and several practical examples are given that illustrate the most important diagnostic features in the X-ray spectra.
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SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Sorbonnelaan 2, 3584 CA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
J. S. Kaastra & F. B. S. Paerels
Astronomical Institute, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80000, 3508 TA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
J. S. Kaastra
Department of Astronomy, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
F. B. S. Paerels
Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS, UMR 7095, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 98bis Bd Arago, 75014, Paris, France
F. Durret
Institute for Astro- and Particle Physics, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
S. Schindler
Physics Institute, Potsdam University, Am Neuen Palais 10, 14469, Potsdam, Germany
P. Richter
Correspondence to J. S. Kaastra.
Rights and permissionsOpen Access This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0 ), which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.
About this article Cite this articleKaastra, J.S., Paerels, F.B.S., Durret, F. et al. Thermal Radiation Processes. Space Sci Rev 134, 155–190 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-008-9310-y
Received: 11 October 2007
Revised: 07 November 2007
Accepted: 07 November 2007
Published: 13 February 2008
Issue Date: February 2008
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-008-9310-y
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