Spillantini MG, Schmidt ML, Lee VM, Trojanowski JQ, Jakes R, Goedert M (1997) Alpha-synuclein in Lewy bodies. Nature 388:839–840

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Goedert M (2001) Alpha-synuclein and neurodegenerative diseases. Nat Rev Neurosci 2:492–501

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

George JM (2002) The synucleins. Genome Biol 3:REVIEWS3002 (abstract)

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Polymeropoulos MH, Lavedan C, Leroy E, Ide SE, Dehejia A, Dutra A, Pike B, Root H, Rubenstein J, Boyer R, Stenroos ES, Chandrasekharappa S, Athanassiadou A, Papapetropoulos T, Johnson WG, Lazzarini AM, Duvoisin RC, Di Iorio G, Golbe LI, Nussbaum RL (1997) Mutation in the alpha-synuclein gene identified in families with Parkinson’s disease. Science 276:2045–2047

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Kruger R, Kuhn W, Muller T, Woitalla D, Graeber M, Kosel S, Przuntek H, Epplen JT, Schols L, Riess O (1998) Ala30Pro mutation in the gene encoding alpha-synuclein in Parkinson’s disease. Nat Genet 18:106–108

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Uversky VN, Li J, Souillac P, Millett IS, Doniach S, Jakes R, Goedert M, Fink AL (2002) Biophysical properties of the synucleins and their propensities to fibrillate—inhibition of alpha-synuclein assembly by beta- and gamma-synucleins. J Biol Chem 277:11970–11978

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Eliezer D, Kutluay E, Bussell R, Browne G (2001) Conformational properties of alpha-synuclein in its free and lipid-associated states. J Mol Biol 307:1061–1073

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Shults CW (2006) Lewy bodies. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103:1661–1668

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Chandra S, Chen XC, Rizo J, Jahn R, Sudhof TC (2003) A broken alpha-helix in folded alpha-synuclein. J Biol Chem 278:15313–15318

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Lee HJ, Choi C, Lee SJ (2002) Membrane-bound alpha-synuclein has a high aggregation propensity and the ability to seed the aggregation of the cytosolic form. J Biol Chem 277:671–678

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Iversen LL, Mortishiresmith RJ, Pollack SJ, Shearman MS (1995) The toxicity in-vitro of beta-amyloid protein. Biochem J 311:1–16

PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Masters CL, Simms G, Weinman NA, Multhaup G, McDonald BL, Beyreuther K (1985) Amyloid plaque core protein in Alzheimer disease and Down syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82:4245–4249

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Selkoe DJ (1994) Cell biology of the amyloid beta-protein precursor and the mechanism of Alzheimer’s disease. Annu Rev Cell Biol 10:373–403

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Mandal PK, Pettegrew JW (2004) Alzheimer’s disease: soluble oligomeric Aβ(1.40) peptide in membrane mimic environment from solution NMR and circular dichroism studies. Neurochem Res 29:2255–2260

Google Scholar 

Coles M, Bicknell W, Watson AA, Fairlie DP, Craik DJ (1998) Solution structure of amyloid beta-peptide(1–40) in a water-micelle environment. Is the membrane-spanning domain where we think it is? Biochemistry 37:11064–11077

CAS  Google Scholar 

Shao HY, Jao SC, Ma K, Zagorski MG (1999) Solution structures of micelle-bound amyloid beta-(1–40) and beta-(1–42) peptides of Alzheimer’s disease. J Mol Biol 285:755–773

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Mandal PK, Pettegrew JW (2004) Alzheimer’s disease: NMR studies of asialo (GM1) and trisialo (GT1b) ganglioside interactions with A beta(1–40) peptide in a membrane mimic environment. Neurochem Res 29:447–453

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Pettegrew JW, Mandal PK, Panchalingam K, McClure RJ (2005) Catalytic breakdown of glycerophosphocholine by a peptide. Society for Neuroscience, Washington

Mandal PK, Pettegrew JW (2006) Evidence of catalytic type activity of Abeta peptide (manuscript under preparation)

Selkoe DJ (1999) Translating cell biology into therapeutic advances in Alzheimer’s disease. Nature 399:A23–A31

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Jarrett JT, Berger EP, Lansbury PT Jr (1993) The carboxy terminus of the beta amyloid protein is critical for the seeding of amyloid formation: implications for the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. Biochemistry 32:4693–4697

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Dickson DW (1997) The pathogenesis of senile plaques. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 56:321–339

PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

McKeith IG, Galasko D, Kosaka K, Perry EK, Dickson DW, Hansen LA, Salmon DP, Lowe J, Mirra SS, Byrne EJ, Lennox G, Quinn NP, Edwardson JA, Ince PG, Bergeron C, Burns A, Miller BL, Lovestone S, Collerton D, Jansen EN, Ballard C, de Vos RA, Wilcock GK, Jellinger KA, Perry RH (1996) Consensus guidelines for the clinical and pathologic diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB): report of the consortium on DLB international workshop. Neurology 47:1113–1124

PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

McKeith IG, Burn DJ, Ballard CG, Collerton D, Jaros E, Morris CM, McLaren A, Perry EK, Perry R, Piggott MA, O’Brien JT (2003) Dementia with Lewy bodies. Semin Clin Neuropsychiatry 8:46–57

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yokota O, Terada S, Ishizu H, Ujike H, Ishihara T, Nakashima H, Yasuda M, Kitamura Y, Ueda K, Checler F, Kuroda S (2002) NACP/alpha-synuclein, NAC, and beta-amyloid pathology of familial Alzheimer’s disease with the E184D presenilin-1 mutation: a clinicopathological study of two autopsy cases. Acta Neuropathol 104:637–648

PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Liu CW, Giasson BI, Lewis KA, Lee VM, DeMartino GN, Thomas PJ (2005) A precipitating role for truncated alpha-synuclein and the proteasome in alpha-synuclein aggregation—implications for pathogenesis of Parkinson disease. J Biol Chem 280:22670–22678

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Masliah E, Rockenstein E, Veinbergs I, Mallory M, Hashimoto M, Takeda A, Sagara Y, Sisk A, Mucke L (2000) Dopaminergic loss and inclusion body formation in alpha-synuclein mice: implications for neurodegenerative disorders. Science 287:1265–1269

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Masliah E, Rockenstein E, Veinbergs I, Sagara Y, Mallory M, Hashimoto M, Mucke L (2001) Beta-amyloid peptides enhance alpha-synuclein accumulation and neuronal deficits in a transgenic mouse model linking Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98:12245–12250

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Marion D, Wuthrich K (1983) Application of phase sensitive two-dimensional correlated spectroscopy (COSY) for measurements of 1H–1H spin–spin coupling constants in proteins. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 113:967–974

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Piotto M, Saudek V, Sklenar V (1992) Gradient-tailored excitation for single-quantum NMR-spectroscopy of aqueous-solutions. J Biomol NMR 2:661–665

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Mandal PK, Majumdar A (2004) A comprehensive discussion of HSQC and HMQC pulse sequences. Concepts Magn Reson A 20A:1–23

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Delaglio F, Grzesiek S, Vuister GW, Zhu G, Pfeifer J, Bax A (1995) NMRPipe: a multidimensional spectral processing system based on UNIX pipes. J Biomol NMR 6:277–293

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Garrett DS, Powers R, Gronenborn AM, Clore GM (1991) A common sense approach to peak picking two-, three- and four-dimensional spectra using automatic computer analysis of contour diagrams. J Magn Reson 95:214–220

CAS  Google Scholar 

Goddard TD, Kneller DG (1994) SPARKY 3. University of California, San Francisco

Hansen L, Salmon D, Galasko D, Masliah E, Katzman R, DeTeresa R, Thal L, Pay MM, Hofstetter R, Klauber M et al (1990) The Lewy body variant of Alzheimer’s disease: a clinical and pathologic entity. Neurology 40:1–8

PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Galasko D, Hansen LA, Katzman R, Wiederholt W, Masliah E, Terry R, Hill LR, Lessin P, Thal LJ (1994) Clinical–neuropathological correlations in Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. Arch Neurol 51:888–895

PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Arima K, Ueda K, Sunohara N, Hirai S, Izumiyama Y, Tonozuka-Uehara H, Kawai M (1998) Immunoelectron-microscopic demonstration of NACP/alpha-synuclein-epitopes on the filamentous component of Lewy bodies in Parkinson’s disease and in dementia with Lewy bodies. Brain Res 808:93–100

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Kosaka K, Yoshimura M, Ikeda K, Budka H (1984) Diffuse type of Lewy body disease: progressive dementia with abundant cortical Lewy bodies and senile changes of varying degree—a new disease? Clin Neuropathol 3:185–192

PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Gibb WR, Esiri MM, Lees AJ (1987) Clinical and pathological features of diffuse cortical Lewy body disease (Lewy body dementia). Brain 110(Pt 5):1131–1153

Google Scholar 

Gibb WR, Luthert PJ, Janota I, Lantos PL (1989) Cortical Lewy body dementia: clinical features and classification. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 52:185–192

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Perry RH, Irving D, Blessed G, Fairbairn A, Perry EK (1990) Senile dementia of Lewy body type. A clinically and neuropathologically distinct form of Lewy body dementia in the elderly. J Neurol Sci 95:119–139

CAS  Google Scholar 

Hashimoto M, Rockenstein E, Crews L, Masliah E (2003) Role of protein aggregation in mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. Neuromolecular Med 4:21–35

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Jensen PH, Nielsen MS, Jakes R, Dotti G, Goedert M (1998) Binding of alpha-synuclein to brain vesicles is abolished by familial Parkinson’s disease mutation. J Biol Chem 273:26292–26294

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Iwai A, Yoshimoto M, Masliah E, Saitoh T (1995) Non-A beta component of Alzheimer’s disease amyloid (NAC) is amyloidogenic. Biochemistry 34:10139–10145

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Sidhu A, Wersinger C, Vernier P (2004) Alpha-synuclein regulation of the dopaminergic transporter: a possible role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease. FEBS Lett 565:1–5

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Bennett MC, Bishop JF, Leng Y, Chock PB, Chase TN, Mouradian MM (1999) Degradation of alpha-synuclein by proteasome. J Biol Chem 274:33855–33858

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Kang J, Lemaire HG, Unterbeck A, Salbaum JM, Masters CL, Grzeschik KH, Multhaup G, Beyreuther K, Muller-Hill B (1987) The precursor of Alzheimer’s disease amyloid A4 protein resembles a cell-surface receptor. Nature 325:733–736

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Narayanan V, Scarlata S (2001) Membrane binding and self-association of alpha-synucleins. Biochemistry 40:9927–9934

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar