Choledocholithiasis is one of the causes of jaundice and may require urgent treatment. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has been the primary management strategy for choledocholithiasis. However, small stones can be overlooked during ERCP.
AimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of intraductal ultrasonography (IDUS) for detecting choledocholithiasis in icteric patients with highly suspected common bile duct (CBD) stones without definite stone diagnosis on ERCP.
MethodsNinety-five icteric (bilirubin ≥3 mg/dL) patients who underwent ERCP for highly suspected choledocholithiasis without definite filling defects on cholangiography were prospectively enrolled in the present study. We evaluated the bile duct using IDUS for the presence of stones or sludge. Reference standard for choledocholithiasis was endoscopic extraction of stone or sludge.
ResultBile duct stones were detected with IDUS in 31 of 95 patients (32.6 %). IDUS findings were confirmed by endoscopic stone extraction in all patients. The mean diameter of CBD stones detected by IDUS was 2.9 mm (range 1–7 mm). IDUS revealed biliary sludge in 24 patients (25.2 %) which was confirmed by sludge extraction in 21 patients (87.5 %). In dilated CBD, detection rate of bile duct stone/sludge based on IDUS was significantly higher than in non-dilated CBD (p = 0.004).
ConclusionIDUS is useful for the detection of occult CBD stone on ERCP in icteric patients with highly suspected CBD stones.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this article Subscribe and saveSpringer+ Basic
€34.99 /Month
Price includes VAT (Germany)
Instant access to the full article PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others Explore related subjectsDiscover the latest articles and news from researchers in related subjects, suggested using machine learning. AbbreviationsEndoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
Intraductal ultrasonography
Common bile duct
Endoscopic sphincterotomy
Endoscopic ultrasonography
Computed tomography
Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography
Ultrasonography
Gallbladder
Standard deviation
Positive predictive value
Negative predictive value
Confidence interval
Frank BB. Clinical evaluation of jaundice. A guideline of the Patient Care Committee of the American Gastroenterological Association. JAMA. 1989;262:3031–3034.
Williams EJ, Green J, Beckingham I, et al. Guidelines on the management of common bile duct stones (CBDS). Gut. 2008;57:1004–1021.
Sanders G, Kingsnorth AN. Gallstones. BMJ. 2007;335:295–299.
Das A, Isenberg G, Wong RC, et al. Wire-guided intraductal US: an adjunct to ERCP in the management of bile duct stones. Gastrointest Endosc. 2001;54:31–36.
Buscarini E, Tansini P, Vallisa D, et al. EUS for suspected choledocholithiasis: do benefits outweigh costs? A prospective, controlled study. Gastrointest Endosc. 2003;57:510–518.
Polkowski M, Regula J, Tilszer A, et al. Endoscopic ultrasound versus endoscopic retrograde cholangiography for patients with intermediate probability of bile duct stones: a randomized trial comparing two management strategies. Endoscopy. 2007;39:296–303.
Moon JH, Cho YD, Cha SW, et al. The detection of bile duct stones in suspected biliary pancreatitis: comparison of MRCP, ERCP, and intraductal US. Am J Gastroenterol. 2005;100:1051–1057.
Liu CL, Lo CM, Chan JK, et al. Detection of choledocholithiasis by EUS in acute pancreatitis: a prospective evaluation in 100 consecutive patients. Gastrointest Endosc. 2001;54:325–330.
Catanzaro A, Pfau P, Isenberg GA, et al. Clinical utility of intraductal US for evaluation of choledocholithiasis. Gastrointest Endosc. 2003;57:648–652.
Lee YT, Chan FK, Leung WK, et al. Comparison of EUS and ERCP in the investigation with suspected biliary obstruction caused by choledocholithiasis: a randomized study. Gastrointest Endosc. 2008;67:660–668.
Maple JT, Ben-Menachem T, Anderson MA, et al. The role of endoscopy in the evaluation of suspected choledocholithiasis. Gastrointest Endosc. 2010;71:1–9.
Katz D, Nikfarjam M, Sfakiotaki A, et al. Selective endoscopic cholangiography for the detection of common bile duct stones in patients with cholelithiasis. Endoscopy. 2004;36:1045–1049.
Amouyal P, Amouyal G, Levy P, et al. Diagnosis of choledocholithiasis by endoscopic ultrasonography. Gastroenterology. 1994;106:1062–1067.
Prat F, Amouyal G, Amouyal P, et al. Prospective controlled study of endoscopic ultrasonography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiography in patients with suspected common-bileduct lithiasis. Lancet. 1996;347:75–79.
Soto JA, Barish MA, Yucel EK, et al. Magnetic resonance cholangiography: comparison with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Gastroenterology. 1996;110:589–597.
Ohashi A, Ueno N, Tamada K, et al. Assessment of residual bile duct stones with use of intraductal US during endoscopic balloon sphincteroplasty: comparison with balloon cholangiography. Gastrointest Endosc. 1999;49:328–333.
Tseng LJ, Jao YT, Mo LR, et al. Over-the-wire US catheter probe as an adjunct to ERCP in the detection of choledocholithiasis. Gastrointest Endosc. 2001;54:720–723.
Gregg JA, De Girolami P, Carr-Locke DL. Effects of sphincteroplasty and endoscopic sphincterotomy on the bacteriologic characteristics of the common bile duct. Am J Surg. 1985;149:668–671.
Sand J, Airo I, Hiltunen KM, et al. Changes in biliary bacteria after endoscopic cholangiography and sphincterotomy. Am Surg. 1992;58:324–328.
Doi S, Yasuda I, Mukai T, et al. Comparison of long-term outcomes after endoscopic sphincterotomy versus endoscopic papillary balloon dilation: a propensity score-based cohort analysis. J Gastroenterol. 2012;48:1090–1096.
Sugiyama M, Atomi Y. Risk factors predictive of late complications after endoscopic sphincterotomy for bile duct stones: long-term (more than 10 years) follow-up study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2002;97:2763–2767.
Kubota Y, Takaoka M, Yamamoto S, et al. Diagnosis of common bile duct calculi with intraductal ultrasonography during endoscopic biliary cannulation. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2002;17:708–712.
Tamada K, Ohashi A, Tomiyama T, et al. Comparison of intraductal ultrasonography with percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy for the identification of residual bile duct stones during lithotripsy. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2001;16:100–103.
Fritz E, Kirchgatterer A, Hubner D, et al. ERCP is safe and effective in patients 80 years of age and older compared with younger patients. Gastrointest Endosc. 2006;64:899–905.
Mitchell RMS, O’Connor F, Dickey W. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is safe and effective in patients 90 years of age and older. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2003;36:72–74.
Gangi S, Saidi F, Patel K, et al. Cardiovascular complications after GI endoscopy: occurrence and risks in a large hospital system. Gastrointest Endosc. 2004;60:679–685.
Kerker A, Hardt C, Schlief HE, et al. Combined sedation with midazolam/propofol for gastrointestinal endoscopy in elderly patients. BMC Gastroenterol. 2010;10:11.
This work was supported by the SoonChunHyang University Research Fund. We thank A Ri Song, RN; Song Ah Jeong, RN; Sun Yeong Moon, RN; and the entire nursing staff for their support and assistance with the procedures.
Conflict of interestNone.
Author information Authors and AffiliationsDigestive Disease Center and Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, SoonChunHyang University School of Medicine, Bucheon and Seoul, Korea
Dong Choon Kim, Jong Ho Moon, Hyun Jong Choi, A Reum Chun, Yun Nah Lee, Tae Hoon Lee, Sang Woo Cha, Sang Gyune Kim, Young Seok Kim, Young Deok Cho & Sang-Heum Park
Department of Radiology, SoonChunHyang University School of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea
Min Hee Lee & Hae Kyung Lee
Digestive Disease Center and Research Institute, SoonChunHyang University Bucheon Hospital, 1174 Jung-Dong, Wonmi-Ku, Bucheon, 420-767, Korea
Jong Ho Moon
Correspondence to Jong Ho Moon.
About this article Cite this articleKim, D.C., Moon, J.H., Choi, H.J. et al. Usefulness of Intraductal Ultrasonography in Icteric Patients with Highly Suspected Choledocholithiasis Showing Normal Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography. Dig Dis Sci 59, 1902–1908 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-014-3127-1
Received: 17 January 2014
Accepted: 18 March 2014
Published: 10 July 2014
Issue Date: August 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-014-3127-1
RetroSearch is an open source project built by @garambo | Open a GitHub Issue
Search and Browse the WWW like it's 1997 | Search results from DuckDuckGo
HTML:
3.2
| Encoding:
UTF-8
| Version:
0.7.4