Arkush, E., & Stanish, C. (2005). Interpreting conflict in the ancient Andes. Current Anthropology, 46(1), 3–28.
Beach, D. (1980). The Shona and Zimbabwe, 900–1850: an outline of shona history. Gweru: Mambo.
Beach, D. (1998). Cognitive archaeology and imaginary history at Great Zimbabwe. Current Anthropology, 39(1), 47–72.
Bent, T. (1892). The ruined cities of Mashonaland. Bulawayo: Books of Rhodesia.
Bilman, B. (2002). Irrigation and the origins of the Southern Moche State on the north coast of peru. Latin American Antiquity, 13(4), 371–400.
Blanton, R. (1998). Beyond centralization: steps toward a theory of egalitarian behavior in archaic states. In G. Feinman, & J. Marcus (Eds.), Archaic States (pp. 135–172). Santa Fe: School of American Research Press.
Blanton, R., et al. (1996). A dual-processual theory for the evolution of Mesoamerican civilization. Current Anthropology, 37(10), 1–14.
Carneiro, R. (1970). A Theory of the Origin of the State. Science, 169, 733–738.
Carneiro, R. (1981). The chiefdom: precursor of the state. In G. Jones, & R. Kautz (Eds.), The Transition to Statehood in the New World (pp. 37–79). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Carneiro, R. (1990). Chiefdom-level warfare as exemplified in Fiji and the Cauca Valley. In J. Haas (Ed.), The Anthropology of War (pp. 190–211). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Caton-Thompson, G. (1970). The Zimbabwe culture: ruins and reactions. New York: Negro Universities Press [reprint of 1931 edition].
D’Altroy, T. (2002). The Incas. Malden: Blackwell.
Davison, C. C. (1972). Glass beads in African archaeology: Results from neutron activation analyses. Unpublished PhD Dissertation, University of California, Berkeley.
Denbow, J. (1984). Cows and kings: a spatial and economic analysis of a hierarchical Early Iron Age settlement system in eastern Botswana. In M. Hall, et al. (Ed.), Frontiers: southern African archaeology today (pp. 24–39). Oxford: British Archaeological Reports.
Earle, T. (1997). How Chiefs Come to Power. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Ehrenreich, R. N., et al. (1995). Heterarchy and the analyses of complex societies. Archaeological Paper Number 5. Arlington: American Anthropological Association.
Fagan, B. (1964). The Greefswald sequence: Bambandyanalo and Mapungubwe. The Journal of African History, 5(3), 337–361.
Feinman, G. (2001). Mesoamerican political complexity: the corporate–network dimension. In J. Haas (Ed.), From Leaders to Rulers (pp. 151–175). New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum.
Flannery, K. (1998). The Ground Plans of Archaic States. In G. Feinman, & J. Marcus (Eds.), Archaic States (pp. 15–57). Santa Fe: School of American Research Press.
Fried, M. (1967). The evolution of political society: an essay in political anthropology. New York: Random House.
Galloway, A. (1959). Skeletal remains of Bambandyanalo. Johannesburg: University of Witwatersrand.
Garlake, P. (1973). Great Zimbabwe. London: Thames and Hudson.
Garlake, P. (1978). Pastoralism and Zimbabwe. The Journal of African History, 19(4), 479–493.
Garlake, P. (1982). Prehistory and Ideology in Zimbabwe. Africa: Journal of the International African Institute, 52(3), 1–19 Past and Present in Zimbabwe (1982).
Garlake, P. (1983). Early Zimbabwe: From the Matopos to Inyanga. Harare: Mambo.
Haas, J. (2001). Warfare and the evolution of culture. In G. Feinman, & T. D. Price (Eds.), Archaeology at the millennium: a sourcebook (pp. 329–350). New York: Kluwer/Plenum.
Hall, M. (1990). Farmers, kings and traders: the peoples of southern Africa, 200–1860. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Hannan, J. (1974). Standard Shona Dictionary. Salisbury: Rhodesia Literature Bureau.
Hemming, J. (1970). The Conquest of the Incas. San Diego: Harcourt.
Herlehy, T. J. (1984). Ties that bind. International Journal of African Historical Studies, 17(2), 285–308.
Holl, A. F. C. (1985). Background to the Ghana Empire: archaeological investigations on the transition to statehood in the Dhar Tichitt region (Mauritania). Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 4, 73–115.
Holl, A. F. C. (1997). Western Africa: the prehistoric sequence. In J. O. Vogel (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Precolonial Africa (pp. 305–312). Walnut Creek: AltaMira.
Holl, A. F. C. (2000). The Diwan Revisited: Literacy, State Formation, and the Rise of Kanuri Domination (AD 1200–1600). London: Kegan Paul.
Holl, A. F. C. (2003). The land of Houlouf: Genesis of a Chadic chiefdom (1900BC–1800AD). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Museum of Anthropology.
Huffman, T. (1972). The rise and fall of Zimbabwe. The Journal of African History, 13(3), 353–366.
Huffman, T. (1982). Archaeology and ethnohistory of the African Iron Age. Annual Review of Archaeology, 11, 133–150.
Huffman, T. (1986a). Archaeological evidence and conventional explanations of Southern Bantu settlement. Africa: Journal of the International African Institute, 56(3), 280–298.
Huffman, T. (1986b). Cognitive studies of the iron age in southern Africa. World Archaeology, 18(1), 84–95 Perspectives in World Archaeology (June 1986).
Huffman, T. (1986c). Iron Age settlement patterns and the origins of class distinction in Southern Africa. Advances in World Archaeology, 5, 291–338.
Huffman, T. (1996). Snakes and crocodiles: power and symbolism in ancient Zimbabwe. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press.
Huffman, T. (2005). Mapungubwe: ancient African civilization on the Limpopo. Johannesburg: Wits University Press.
Huffman, T. (2007). Handbook to the Iron Age: The archaeology of pre-colonial farming societies in southern Africa. Scottsville: University of KwaZulu-Natal Press.
Johnson, A., & Earle, T. (2000). The evolution of human societies: from foraging group to agrarian state (2nd ed.). Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Keeley, L. (1996). War Before Civilization. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Kusimba, C. (1999). The rise and fall of Swahili states. Walnut Creek: AltaMira.
Kusimba, C. (2007). The collapse of coastal city-states of East Africa. In A. Ogundiran, & T. Falola (Eds.), Archaeology of Atlantic Africa and the African Diaspora (pp. 160–184). Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Kusimba, C., & Oka, R. (2008). Trade and polity in East Africa: re-examining elite strategies for acquiring power. In J. Rawley (Ed.), Africa in India, Indian in Africa. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Kusimba, C., & Kusimba, S. (2005). Mosaics and Interactions: East Africa 2000 BP to the Present. In A. B. Stahl (Ed.), African Archaeology: a critical introduction (pp. 394–419). Oxford: Blackwell.
Mabogunje, A. (1962). Yoruba Cities. Ibadan: University of Ibadan Press.
Mann, M. (1986). The Sources of Social Power. Volume 1. A History of power from the Beginning to A. D. 1760. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Manyanga, M. (2006). Resilient Landscapes: socio-environmental dynamics in the Shashi-Limpopo Basin, southern Zimbabwe c. AD 800 to the present, Studies in Global Archaeology 11, Department of Archaeology and Ancient History. Uppsala: Uppsala University.
Marcus, J. (1998). The Peaks and Valleys of Ancient States: An Extension of the Dynamic Model. In G. Feinman, & J. Marcus (Eds.), Archaic States (pp. 59–94). Santa Fe: School of American Research Press.
McIntosh, S. K. (1999). Pathways to Complexity: An African Perspective. In McIntosh, S. K. (ed.) Beyond Chiefdoms: pathways to complexity in Africa pp. 1–30. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Meyer, A. (1998). The archaeological sites of Greefswald. Pretoria: University of Pretoria Press.
Miller, D. (1996). The Tsodillo jewellery: Metalwork from Northern Botswana. Cape Town: University of Cape Town Press.
Mitchell, P. (2002). The Archaeology of southern Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Mitchell, P. (2005). African Connections: Archaeological perspectives on Africa and the Wider World. Walnut Creek: Altamira.
Morris, C. (1998). Inka Strategies of Incorporation and Governance. In G. Feinman, & J. Marcus (Eds.), Archaic States (pp. 293–309). Santa Fe: School of American Research Press.
Moseley, M. (2001). The Incas and their Ancestors. New York: Thames and Hudson.
Ndoro, W. (2001). Your Monument our Shrine: The preservation of Great Zimbabwe. Uppsala: Uppsala University Studies in African Archaeology 19, Department of Archaeology and Ancient History.
Pikirayi, I. (1993). The archaeological identity of the Mutapa state: Towards an historical archaeology of northern Zimbabwe, Studies in African Archaeology 6, Uppsala, Societas Archaeologica Upsaliensis.
Pikirayi, I. (2001). The Zimbabwe Culture: Origins and Decline of Southern Zambezian States. Walnut Creek: AltaMira.
Pikirayi, I. (2006a). The demise of Great Zimbabwe, AD 1420–1550: an environmental re-appraisal. In A. Green, & R. Leech (Eds.), Cities in the World, 1500–2000. The Society for Post-Medieval Archaeology Monograph 3 (pp. 31–47). Leeds: Maney.
Popelka, R. S., et al. (2005). Laser ablation ICP-MS of African glass trade beads. In R. J. Speakman, & H. Neff (Eds.), Laser ablation ICP-MS in archaeological research (pp. 84–93). Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
Pwiti, G. (2005). Southern Africa and the East Africa Coast. In A. B. Stahl (Ed.), African Archaeology: A Critical Introduction (pp. 378–391). Oxford: Blackwell.
Rightmire, G. P. (1970). Iron Age Skulls from Southern Africa Reassessed by Multiple Discriminant Analysis. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 33, 147–167.
Robb, J. (1999). Material Symbols in Prehistory. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.
Robinson, K. (1966). The Iron Age in Kapula Vlei, near Msuma Dam, Wankie Gane Reserve, Rhodesia. Arnoldia, 2, 1–7.
Service, E. (1975). Origins of the State and Civilization: The Process of Cultural Evolution. New York: Norton.
Sinclair, P. (1982). Chibuene—an early trading site in Southern Mozambique. Festschrift for J. Kirkman. Paideuma, 28, 149–164.
Sinclair, P. (1987). Space, Time and Social Formation: a territorial approach to the archaeology and anthropology of Zimbabwe and Mozambique, c. 0–1700 AD. Uppsala: Societas Archaeologica Upsaliensis.
Sinclair, P. J. J., et al. (1993). Urban Trajectories on the Zimbabwean Plateau. In T. Shaw, et al. (Ed.), The Archaeology of Africa: food, metals and towns (pp. 705–731). London: Routledge.
Sinclair, P., & Hakansson, T. (2000). The Swahili city-state culture. In M. Hansen (Ed.), Comparative study of thirty city-state cultures (pp. 461–482). Copenhagen: Reizels Forlog.
Smith, J., Lee-Thorp, J., & Hall, S. (2007). Climate change and agropastoralist settlement in the Shashe-Limpopo River Basin, southern Africa. South African Archaeological Bulletin, 62(186), 115–125.
Soper, R. (2006). The Terrace Builders of Nyanga. Avondale: Weaver.
Spencer, C., & Redmond, E. (2004). Primary State Formation in Mesoamerica. Annual Review of Anthropology, 33, 173–199.
Stahl, A. B. (2001). Making History in Banda. Anthropological Visions of Africa’s Past. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Stahl, A. B. (2005). African Archaeology: A Critical Introduction. Oxford: Blackwell.
Steyn, M. (1997). A reassessment of the human skeletons from K2 and Mapungubwe (South Africa). South African Archaeological Bulletin, 51, 14–20.
Steyn, M., & Henneberg, M. (1995a). The health status of the people of the Iron Age sites at K2 and Mapungubwe (South Africa). Revista di Antropologia, 73, 133–143.
Steyn, M., & Henneberg, M. (1995b). Pre-Columbian presence of treponemal disease: a possible case from Iron Age southern Africa. Current Anthropology, 36(5), 869–873.
Steyn, M., & Henneberg, M. (1996). Skeletal growth of children from the Iron Age site at K2 (South Africa). American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 100(3), 389–396.
Steyn, M., & Henneberg, M. (1997). Cranial growth in the prehistoric sample from K2 and Mapungubwe (South Africa) is population specific. Homo, 48(1), 62–71.
Summers, R. (1967). Archaeological Distributions and a Tentative History of Tsetse Fly Infestation in Rhodesia and Adjacent Territories. Arnoldia, 3, 1–18.
Trigger, B. (2003). Understanding Early Civilizations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Tyson, P. D., & Lindesay, J. A. (1992). The climate of the last 2000 years in southern Africa. The Holocene, 2, 271–278.
Tyson, P. D., Karlen, W., Holmgren, K., & Heiss, G. (2000). The Little Ice Age and medieval warming in South Africa. South African Journal of Science, 96, 121–126.
Tyson, P. D., Lee-Thorp, J., Holmgren, K., & Thackeray, J. F. (2002). Changing gradients of climate change in southern Africa during the past millennium: implications for population movements. Climate Change, 52, 29–135.
Usman, A. A. (2001). A View From the Periphery: Northern Yoruba Villages During the Old Oyo Empire, Nigeria. Journal of Field Archaeology, 27, 43–61.
Van der Merwe, N. J. (1969). The Carbon-14 Dating of Iron. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Walker, N. J. (1995). Late Pliestocene and Holocene Hunter-gatherers of he Matopos. (Studies in African Archaeology 10). Uppsala: Societas Archaeologica Upsaliensis.
Webster, D. L. (1998). Warfare and Status Rivalry. In G. Feinman, & J. Marcus (Eds.), Archaic States (pp. 311–351). Santa Fe: School of American Research Press.
Wilmsen, E. (1989). Land Filled with Flies: A Political Economy of the Kalahari. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Wood, M. (2000). Making connections: relationships between international trade and glass beads from the Shashe-Limpopo area. In M. Leslie, and T. Maggs (eds.) Africa Naissance: The Limpopo Valley 1000 years ago. The South African Archaeological Society Goodwin Series, 8, 78–90.
Yoffee, N. (2005). Myths of the Archaic State: Evolution of the Earliest Cities, States, and Civilizations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
RetroSearch is an open source project built by @garambo | Open a GitHub Issue
Search and Browse the WWW like it's 1997 | Search results from DuckDuckGo
HTML:
3.2
| Encoding:
UTF-8
| Version:
0.7.4