Home - News ( United States | United Kingdom | Italy | Germany ) - Football scores

Showing content from https://link.springer.com/doi/10.1007/s00464-012-2511-1 below:

Prevention and treatment of bile duct injuries during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: the clinical practice guidelines of the European Association for Endoscopic Surgery (EAES)

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is one of the most common surgical procedures in Europe (and the world) and has become the standard procedure for the management of symptomatic cholelithiasis or acute cholecystitis in patients without specific contraindications. Bile duct injuries (BDI) are rare but serious complications that can occur during a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Prevention and management of BDI has given rise to a host of publications but very few recommendations, especially in Europe.

A systematic research of the literature was performed. An international expert panel was invited to appraise the current literature and to develop evidence-based recommendations. Statements and recommendations were drafted after a consensus development conference in May 2011, followed by presentation and discussion at the annual congress of the EAES held in Torino in June 2011. Finally, full guidelines were consented and adopted by the expert panel via e-mail and web conference.

A total of 1,765 publications were identified through the systematic literature search and additional submission by panellists; 671 publications were selected as potentially relevant. Only 46 publications fulfilled minimal methodological criteria to support Clinical Practice Guidelines recommendations. Because the level of evidence was low for most of the studies, most statements or recommendations had to be based on consensus of opinion among the panel members. A total of 15 statements and recommendations were developed covering the following topics: classification of injuries, epidemiology, prevention, diagnosis, and management of BDI.

Because BDI is a rare event, it is difficult to generate evidence for prevention, diagnosis, or the management of BDI from clinical studies. Nevertheless, the panel has formulated recommendations. Due to the currently limited evidence, a European registry should be considered to collect and analyze more valid data on BDI upon which recommendations can be based.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Springer+ Basic

€34.99 /Month

• Get 10 units per month
• Download Article/Chapter or eBook
• 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
• Cancel anytime

Price includes VAT (Germany)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

1. Guidelines CoSfDTCP, Medicine Io (2011) Clinical practice guidelines we can trust. The National Academies Press, Washington

2. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) (2009) The guidelines manual

3. Shea BJ, Grimshaw J, Wells G, Boers M, Andersson N, Hamel C, Porter A, Tugwell P, Moher D, Bouter LM (2007) Development of AMSTAR: a measurement tool to assess the methodological quality of systematic reviews. BMC Med Res Method 7:10

   Google Scholar 

4. Shea BJ, Hamel C, Wells G, Bouter LM, Kristjansson E, Grimshaw J, Henry D, Boers M (2009) AMSTAR is a reliable and valid measurement tool to assess the methodological quality of systematic reviews. J Clin Epidemiol 62:1013–1020

   Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

5. Gurusamy K, Samraj K, Gluud C, Wilson E, Davidson BR (2010) Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on the safety and effectiveness of early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis. Br J Surg 97:141–150

   Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

6. Gurusamy KS, Bong JJ, Fusai G, Davidson BR (2010) Methods of cystic duct occlusion during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD006807

7. Gurusamy KS, Samraj K, Fusai G, Davidson BR (2008) Early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for biliary colic. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD007196

8. Gurusamy KS, Samraj K, Ramamoorthy R, Farouk M, Fusai G, Davidson BR (2010) Miniport versus standard ports for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006804.pub2

9. Keus F, Gooszen HG, van Laarhoven CJ (2010) Open, small-incision, or laparoscopic cholecystectomy for patients with symptomatic cholecystolithiasis. An overview of Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group reviews. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD008318

10. Bahram M, Gaballa G (2010) The value of pre-operative magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) in management of patients with gall stones. Int J Surg 8:342–345

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

11. Bessa SS, Al-Fayoumi TA, Katri KM, Awad AT (2008) Clipless laparoscopic cholecystectomy by ultrasonic dissection. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 18:593–598

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

12. Calik A, Topaloglu S, Topcu S, Turkyilmaz S, Kucuktulu U, Piskin B (2007) Routine intraoperative aspiration of gallbladder during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc 21:1578–1581

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

13. Gupta A, Agarwal PN, Kant R, Malik V (2004) Evaluation of fundus-first laparoscopic cholecystectomy. JSLS 8:255–258

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

14. Harju J, Kokki H, Paakkonen M, Karjalainen K, Eskelinen M (2010) Feasibility of minilaparotomy versus laparoscopic cholecystectomy for day surgery: a prospective randomised study. Scand J Surg 99:132–136

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

15. Jarhult J (2005) Is preoperative evaluation of the biliary tree necessary in uncomplicated gallstone disease? Results of a randomized trial. Scand J Surg 94:31–33

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

16. Kato K, Kasai S, Matsuda M, Onodera K, Kato J, Imai M, Mito M, Saito T (1996) A new technique for laparoscopic cholecystectomy—retrograde laparoscopic cholecystectomy: an analysis of 81 cases. Endoscopy 28:356–359

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

17. Katsinelos P, Kountouras J, Paroutoglou G, Chatzimavroudis G, Germanidis G, Zavos C, Pilpilidis I, Paikos D, Papaziogas B (2008) A comparative study of 10-Fr vs. 7-Fr straight plastic stents in the treatment of postcholecystectomy bile leak. Surg Endosc 22:101–106

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

18. Khan OA, Balaji S, Branagan G, Bennett DH, Davies N (2011) Randomized clinical trial of routine on-table cholangiography during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Br J Surg 98:362–367

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

19. Kiviluoto T, Siren J, Luukkonen P, Kivilaakso E (1998) Randomised trial of laparoscopic versus open cholecystectomy for acute and gangrenous cholecystitis. Lancet 351:321–325

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

20. Kumar M, Agrawal CS, Gupta RK (2007) Three-port versus standard four-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a randomized controlled clinical trial in a community-based teaching hospital in eastern Nepal. JSLS 11:358–362

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

21. Leida Z, Ping B, Shuguang W, Yu H (2008) A randomized comparison of primary closure and T-tube drainage of the common bile duct after laparoscopic choledochotomy. Surg Endosc 22:1595–1600

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

22. Marks J, Tacchino R, Roberts K, Onders R, Denoto G, Paraskeva P, Rivas H, Soper N, Rosemurgy A, Shah S (2011) Prospective randomized controlled trial of traditional laparoscopic cholecystectomy versus single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy: report of preliminary data. Am J Surg 201:369–372 discussion 372-373

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

23. Mavrogiannis C, Liatsos C, Papanikolaou IS, Karagiannis S, Galanis P, Romanos A (2006) Biliary stenting alone versus biliary stenting plus sphincterotomy for the treatment of post-laparoscopic cholecystectomy biliary leaks: a prospective randomized study. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 18:405–409

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

24. Ros A, Gustafsson L, Krook H, Nordgren CE, Thorell A, Wallin G, Nilsson E (2001) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy versus mini-laparotomy cholecystectomy: a prospective, randomized, single-blind study. Ann Surg 234:741–749

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

25. Sabharwal AJ, Minford EJ, Marson LP, Muir IM, Hill D, Auld CD (1998) Laparoscopic cholangiography: a prospective study. Br J Surg 85:624–626

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

26. Talwar N, Pusuluri R, Arora MP, Pawar M (2006) Randomized controlled trial of conventional carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum versus gasless technique for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. JK Sci 8:73–78

    Google Scholar 

27. Trichak S (2003) Three-port vs standard four-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc 17:1434–1436

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

28. Alkhaffaf B, Parkin E, Flook D (2011) Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography prior to laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a common and potentially hazardous technique that can be avoided. Arch Surg 146:329–333

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

29. Amott D, Webb A, Tulloh B (2005) Prospective comparison of routine and selective operative cholangiography. ANZ J Surg 75:378–382

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

30. Glattli A, Metzger A, Klaiber C, Seiler C, Maddern GJ, Baer HU (1994) Cholecystocholangiography vs cystic duct cholangiography during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. A prospective controlled trial. Surg Endosc 8:299–301

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

31. Huang SM, Hsiao KM, Pan H, Yao CC, Lai TJ, Chen LY, Wu CW, Lui WY (2011) Overcoming the difficulties in laparoscopic management of contracted gallbladders with gallstones: possible role of fundus-down approach. Surg Endosc 25:284–291

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

32. Huscher CG, Lirici MM, Di Paola M, Crafa F, Napolitano C, Mereu A, Recher A, Corradi A, Amini M (2003) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy by ultrasonic dissection without cystic duct and artery ligature. Surg Endosc 17:442–451

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

33. Hussain A, Mahmood HK, Dulku K (2008) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be safely performed in a resource-limited setting: the first 49 laparoscopic cholecystectomies in Yemen. JSLS 12:71–76

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

34. Kavlakoglu B, Pekcici R, Oral S (2010) Verification of clipless closure of cystic duct by harmonic scalpel. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 20:591–595

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

35. Kelley JE, Burrus RG, Burns RP, Graham LD, Chandler KE (1993) Safety, efficacy, cost, and morbidity of laparoscopic versus open cholecystectomy: a prospective analysis of 228 consecutive patients. Am Surg 59:23–27

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

36. Xu F, Xu CG, Xu DZ (2004) A new method of preventing bile duct injury in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. World J Gastroenterol 10:2916–2918

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

37. Yamashita Y, Kurohiji T, Kakegawa T (1994) Evaluation of two training programs for laparoscopic cholecystectomy: incidence of major complications. World J Surg 18:279–285 discussion 285

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

38. Biffl WL, Moore EE, Offner PJ, Franciose RJ, Burch JM (2001) Routine intraoperative laparoscopic ultrasonography with selective cholangiography reduces bile duct complications during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. J Am Coll Surg 193:272–280

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

39. Buanes T, Mjaland O, Waage A, Langeggen H, Holmboe J (1998) A population-based survey of biliary surgery in Norway. Relationship between patient volume and quality of surgical treatment. Surg Endosc 12:852–855

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

40. Buanes T, Waage A, Mjaland O, Solheim K (1996) Bile leak after cholecystectomy significance and treatment: results from the National Norwegian Cholecystectomy Registry. Int Surg 81:276–279

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

41. Cagir B, Rangraj M, Maffuci L, Ostrander LE, Herz BL (1994) A retrospective analysis of laparoscopic and open cholecystectomies. J Laparoendosc Surg 4:89–100

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

42. Carlson MA, Ludwig KA, Frantzides CT, Cattey RP, Henry LG, Walker AP, Schulte WJ, Wilson SD (1993) Routine or selective intraoperative cholangiography in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. J Laparoendosc Surg 3:27–33

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

43. Chau CH, Tang CN, Siu WT, Ha JP, Li MK (2002) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy versus open cholecystectomy in elderly patients with acute cholecystitis: retrospective study. Hong Kong Med J 8:394–399

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

44. Costi R, Mazzeo A, Tartamella F, Manceau C, Vacher B, Valverde A (2010) Cholecystocholedocholithiasis: a case-control study comparing the short- and long-term outcomes for a “laparoscopy-first” attitude with the outcome for sequential treatment (systematic endoscopic sphincterotomy followed by laparoscopic cholecystectomy). Surg Endosc 24:51–62

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

45. de Vries A, Donkervoort SC, van Geloven AA, Pierik EG (2005) Conversion rate of laparoscopic cholecystectomy after endoscopic retrograde cholangiography in the treatment of choledocholithiasis: does the time interval matter? Surg Endosc 19:996–1001

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

46. Fletcher DR, Hobbs MS, Tan P, Valinsky LJ, Hockey RL, Pikora TJ, Knuiman MW, Sheiner HJ, Edis A (1999) Complications of cholecystectomy: risks of the laparoscopic approach and protective effects of operative cholangiography: a population-based study. Ann Surg 229:449–457

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

47. Gelmini R, Franzoni C, Zona S, Andreotti A, Saviano M (2010) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy with Harmonic scalpel. JSLS 14:14–19

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

48. Hanif F, Ahmed Z, Samie MA, Nassar AH (2010) Laparoscopic transcystic bile duct exploration: the treatment of first choice for common bile duct stones. Surg Endosc 24:1552–1556

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

49. Nickkholgh A, Soltaniyekta S, Kalbasi H (2006) Routine versus selective intraoperative cholangiography during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a survey of 2,130 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc 20:868–874

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

50. Wu SD, Han JY, Tian Y (2011) Single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy versus conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a retrospective comparative study. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 21:25–28

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

51. Joseph M, Phillips MR, Farrell TM, Rupp CC (2012) Single incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy is associated with a higher bile duct injury rate: a review and a word of caution. Ann Surg 256:1–6

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

52. AQUA (2011) Institute for Applied Quality Improvement and Research in Health Care GmbH. German Hospital Quality Report 2010

53. Harboe KM, Bardram L (2011) The quality of cholecystectomy in Denmark: outcome and risk factors for 20,307 patients from the national database. Surg Endosc 25:1630–1641

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

54. Harboe KM, Bardram L (2011) Nationwide quality improvement of cholecystectomy: results from a national database. Int J Qual Health Care 23:565–573

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

55. Karvonen J, Salminen P, Gronroos JM (2011) Bile duct injuries during open and laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the laparoscopic era: alarming trends. Surg Endosc 25:2906–2910

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

56. Chuang KI, Corley D, Postlethwaite DA, Merchant M, Harris HW (2012) Does increased experience with laparoscopic cholecystectomy yield more complex bile duct injuries? Am J Surg 203:480–487

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

57. Lehmann KS, Ritz JP, Wibmer A, Gellert K, Zornig C, Burghardt J, Busing M, Runkel N, Kohlhaw K, Albrecht R, Kirchner TG, Arlt G, Mall JW, Butters M, Bulian DR, Bretschneider J, Holmer C, Buhr HJ (2010) The German registry for natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery: report of the first 551 patients. Ann Surg 252:263–270

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

58. Giger U, Ouaissi M, Schmitz SF, Krahenbuhl S, Krahenbuhl L (2011) Bile duct injury and use of cholangiography during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Br J Surg 98:391–396

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

59. Cuschieri A, Dubois F, Mouiel J, Mouret P, Becker H, Buess G, Trede M, Troidl H (1991) The European experience with laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Am J Surg 161:385–387

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

60. Hunter JG (1994) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy and the common bile duct. Surg Endosc 8:285–286

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

61. Strasberg SM (2005) Biliary injury in laparoscopic surgery: part 2. Changing the culture of cholecystectomy. J Am Coll Surg 201:604–611

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

62. Archer SB, Brown DW, Smith CD, Branum GD, Hunter JG (2001) Bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: results of a national survey. Ann Surg 234:549–558 discussion 558-549

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

63. Lekawa M, Shapiro SJ, Gordon LA, Rothbart J, Hiatt JR (1995) The laparoscopic learning curve. Surg Laparosc Endosc 5:455–458

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

64. Ford JA, Soop M, Du J, Loveday BP, Rodgers M (2012) Systematic review of intraoperative cholangiography in cholecystectomy. Br J Surg 99:160–167

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

65. Buddingh KT, Nieuwenhuijs VB, van Buuren L, Hulscher JB, de Jong JS, van Dam GM (2011) Intraoperative assessment of biliary anatomy for prevention of bile duct injury: a review of current and future patient safety interventions. Surg Endosc 25:2449–2461

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

66. Pfluke JM, Bowers SP (2011) Laparoscopic intraoperative biliary ultrasonography: findings during laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute disease. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 21:505–509

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

67. Hashimoto M, Matsuda M, Watanabe G (2010) Intraoperative ultrasonography for reducing bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Hepatogastroenterology 57:706–709

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

68. Hublet A, Dili A, Lemaire J, Mansvelt B, Molle G, Bertrand C (2009) Laparoscopic ultrasonography as a good alternative to intraoperative cholangiography (IOC) during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: results of prospective study. Acta Chir Belg 109:312–316

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

69. Machi J, Tateishi T, Oishi AJ, Furumoto NL, Oishi RH, Uchida S, Sigel B (1999) Laparoscopic ultrasonography versus operative cholangiography during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: review of the literature and a comparison with open intraoperative ultrasonography. J Am Coll Surg 188:360–367

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

70. Santambrogio R, Bianchi P, Opocher E, Mantovani A, Schubert L, Ghelma F, Panzera M, Verga M, Spina GP (1996) Intraoperative ultrasonography (IOUS) during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc 10:622–627

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

The supportive work of Sunya-Lee Antoine, Monika Becker, Christoph Mosch, and Maren Walgenbach Institute for Research in Operative Medicine (IFOM, Witten/Herdecke University) is highly appreciated.

The authors have no conflicts of interest or financial ties to disclose.

1. Institute for Research in Operative Medicine (IFOM), Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Campus Cologne-Merheim, Ostmerheimer Straße 200, 51109, Cologne, Germany

   M. Eikermann, T. Jaschinski, D. Pieper & E. A. M. Neugebauer

2. Department of Visceral, Vascular, and Transplantation Surgery, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Campus Cologne-Merheim, Cologne, Germany

   R. Siegel

3. Meander Medisch Centrum, Afdeling Chirurgie, Amersfoort, The Netherlands

   I. Broeders

4. Department B of General Surgery, Hôpital Charles Nicolle, University of Tunis El Manar, Boulevard du 9 avril 1938, Tunis, 1006, Tunisia

   C. Dziri

5. First Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Hippokration Hospital, Athens Medical School Greece, 115 27, Athens, Greece

   A. Fingerhut

6. Allgemein-, Viszeral-, Thorax- und Gefässchirurgie, Klinikum Memmingen, Memmingen, Germany

   C. Gutt

7. BMI Ross Hall Hospital, Glasgow, UK

   A. Nassar

8. Clinica Chirurgica e Tecnologie Avanzate, Dipartimento di Chirurgia Generale, Specialità Chirurgiche e Trapianti d’Organo “Paride Stefanini”, Azienda Policlinico Umberto I, “Sapienza” Università di Roma, Rome, Italy

   A. M. Paganini

9. Service of Surgery, Hospital de Santpau, Autonomous University Autonomous of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

   E. Targarona

10. GRB-Consulting Company for Risk-Management, Klingenbergstraße 4, 32758, Detmold, Germany

    M. Schrewe

11. Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Operative Laparoscopy, 2nd Surgical Department, Academic Teaching Hospital, AKH Linz, Linz, Austria

    A. Shamiyeh

12. Klinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Onkologische Chirurgie, HELIOS Klinikum Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany

    M. Strik

1. M. Eikermann
2. R. Siegel
3. I. Broeders
4. C. Dziri
5. A. Fingerhut
6. C. Gutt
7. T. Jaschinski
8. A. Nassar
9. A. M. Paganini
10. D. Pieper
11. E. Targarona
12. M. Schrewe
13. A. Shamiyeh
14. M. Strik
15. E. A. M. Neugebauer

Correspondence to E. A. M. Neugebauer.

(((((Laparoscop* OR Celioscop* OR Coelioscop* OR Abdominoscop* OR Peritoneoscop* OR lap) AND (cholecystectom* OR colecystecto* OR chole) OR “Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic” [Mesh]) AND ((((injur* OR bile leak* OR biliary leak* OR transection* OR occlusion* OR stricture* OR stenosis* OR obstruct* OR laceration* OR damage*) OR (harm* OR convers* OR “Peritonitis”[MeSH] OR peritonitis OR “Cholestasis”[Mesh] OR Cholestas*) OR (peritone* AND inflamma*) OR ((biliary OR bile) AND stas*)) AND (bile duct* OR biliary tract*)) OR “Biliary Tract/injuries”[Mesh])) AND (German [LA] OR English [LA]))) NOT (animals [MeSH] NOT (humans [MeSH] AND animals [MeSH]))

((((Laparoscop* OR Celioscop* OR Coelioscop* OR Abdominoscop* OR Peritoneoscop* OR lap) AND (cholecystectom* OR colecystecto* OR chole)) OR “Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic”[Mesh])) AND ((injur* OR bile leak* OR biliary leak* OR transection* OR occlusion* OR stricture* OR stenosis* OR obstruct* OR laceration* OR damage* OR harm* OR convers* OR “Peritonitis”[MesH] OR peritonitis OR “Cholestasis”[Mesh] OR Cholestas* OR (peritone* AND inflamma*) OR ((biliary OR bile) AND stas*)) AND ((bile duct* OR biliary tract*) OR “Biliary Tract”[Mesh]))

1. 1.

   Absil B, Mendes da Costa P (1994) Cholecystectomies: from laparotomy to laparoscopy. Acta Chir Belg 94:180–184

2. 2.

   Adams DB, Borowicz MR, Wootton FT 3rd, Cunningham JT (1993) Bile duct complications after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc 7:79–83

3. 3.

   Adamsen S, Hansen OH, Funch-Jensen P, Schulze S, Stage JG, Wara P (1997) Bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a prospective nationwide series. J Am Coll Surg 184:571–578

4. 4.

   Aduna M, Larena JA, Martin D, Martinez-Guerenu B, Aguirre I, Astigarraga E (2005) Bile duct leaks after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: value of contrast-enhanced MRCP. Abdom Imaging 30:480–487

5. 5.

   Airan M, Appel M, Berci G, Coburg AJ, Cohen M, Cuschieri A, Dent T, Duppler D, Easter D, Greene F et al. (1992) Retrospective and prospective multi-institutional laparoscopic cholecystectomy study organized by the Society of American Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Surgeons. Surg Endosc 6:169–176; discussion 177–168

6. 6.

   Akoglu M, Ercan M, Bostanci EB, Teke Z, Parlak E (2010) Surgical outcomes of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in scleroatrophic gallbladders. Turk J Gastroenterol 21:156–162

7. 7.

   Akolekar D, Nixon SJ, Parks RW (2009) Intraoperative cholangiography in modern surgical practice. Dig Surg 26:130–134

8. 8.

   Al-Akeely MH, Alam MK, Bismar HA, Khalid K, Al-Teimi I, Al-Dossary NF (2005) Mirizzi syndrome: ten years experience from a teaching hospital in Riyadh. World J Surg 29:1687–1692

9. 9.

   Alhamdani A, Mahmud S, Jameel M, Baker A (2008) Primary closure of choledochotomy after emergency laparoscopic common bile duct exploration. Surg Endosc 22:2190–2195

10. 10.

    Al-Kubati WR (2010) Bile duct injuries following laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A clinical study. Saudi J Gastroenterol 16:100–104

11. 11.

    Allen NL, Leeth RR, Finan KR, Tishler DS, Vickers SM, Wilcox CM, Hawn MT (2006) Outcomes of cholecystectomy after endoscopic sphincterotomy for choledocholithiasis. J Gastrointest Surg 10:292–296

12. 12.

    Al-Mulhim AS, Al-Mulhim AA (2009) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in 427 adults with sickle cell disease: a single-center experience. Surg Endosc 23:1599–1602

13. 13.

    Al-Sebayel MI (2003) High bile duct injury following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Saudi Med J 24:971–973

14. 14.

    Alves A, Farges O, Nicolet J, Watrin T, Sauvanet A, Belghiti J (2003) Incidence and consequence of an hepatic artery injury in patients with postcholecystectomy bile duct strictures. Ann Surg 238:93–96

15. 15.

    Ammori BJ, Davides D, Vezakis A, Larvin M, McMahon MJ (2003) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: are patients with biliary pancreatitis at increased operative risk? Surg Endosc 17:777–780

16. 16.

    Ammori BJ, Vezakis A, Davides D, Martin IG, Larvin M, McMahon MJ (2001) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in morbidly obese patients. Surg Endosc 15:1336–1339

17. 17.

    Andersson R, Eriksson K, Blind PJ, Tingstedt B (2008) Iatrogenic bile duct injury—a cost analysis. HPB (Oxford) 10:416–419

18. 18.

    Angrisani L, Lorenzo M, Corcione F, Vincenti R (1997) Gallstones in cirrhotics revisited by a laparoscopic view. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 7:213–220

19. 19.

    Antonopoulos C, Voulimeneas I, Ioannides P, Kotsifas T, Kavallieratos N, Vagianos C (2009) Bile leaks after cholecystectomy: the significance of patient selection. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 19:379–383

20. 20.

    Aru GM, Davis CR Jr, Elliott NL, Morris SJ (1997) Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in the treatment of bile leaks and bile duct strictures after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. South Med J 90:705–708

21. 21.

    Arvidsson D, Berggren U, Haglund U (1998) Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration. Eur J Surg 164:369–375

22. 22.

    Asbun HJ, Rossi RL, Lowell JA, Munson JL (1993) Bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: mechanism of injury, prevention, and management. World J Surg 17:547–551; 551–542

23. 23.

    Ascher SM, Evans SR, Zeman RK (1993) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: intraoperative ultrasound of the extrahepatic biliary tree and the natural history of postoperative transabdominal ultrasound findings. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 14:331–337

24. 24.

    Assaff Y, Matter I, Sabo E, Mogilner JG, Nash E, Abrahamson J, Eldar S (1998) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis and the consequences of gallbladder perforation, bile spillage, and “loss” of stones. Eur J Surg 164:425–431

25. 25.

    Atabek U, Spence RK, Pello MJ, Alexander JB, Villanueva D, Camishion RC (1993) Safety of teaching laparoscopic cholecystectomy to surgical residents. J Laparoendosc Surg 3:23–26

26. 26.

    Ausch C, Hochwarter G, Taher M, Holzer B, Rosen HR, Urban M, Sebesta C, Hruby W, Schiessel R (2005) Improving the safety of laparoscopic cholecystectomy: the routine use of preoperative magnetic resonance cholangiography. Surg Endosc 19:574–580

27. 27.

    Avgerinos C, Kelgiorgi D, Touloumis Z, Baltatzi L, Dervenis C (2009) One thousand laparoscopic cholecystectomies in a single surgical unit using the “critical view of safety” technique. J Gastrointest Surg 13:498–503

28. 28.

    Bachellier P, Nakano H, Weber JC, Lemarque P, Oussoultzoglou E, Candau C, Wolf P, Jaeck D (2001) Surgical repair after bile duct and vascular injuries during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: when and how? World J Surg 25:1335–1345

29. 29.

    Bagia JS, North L, Hunt DR (2001) Mirizzi syndrome: an extra hazard for laparoscopic surgery. ANZ J Surg 71:394–397

30. 30.

    Bagnato VJ, McGee GE, Hatten LE, Varner JE, Culpepper JP, 3rd (1991) Justification for routine cholangiography during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Laparosc Endosc 1:89–93

31. 31.

    Bailey RW, Zucker KA, Flowers JL, Scovill WA, Graham SM, Imbembo AL (1991) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Experience with 375 consecutive patients. Ann Surg 214:531–540; discussion 540–531

32. 32.

    Baird DR, Wilson JP, Mason EM, Duncan TD, Evans JS, Luke JP, Ruben DM, Lucas GW (1992) An early review of 800 laparoscopic cholecystectomies at a university-affiliated community teaching hospital. Am Surg 58:206–210

33. 33.

    Bakr AA (1997) A new modified layout for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. JSLS 1:281–283

34. 34.

    Balakrishnan S, Samdani T, Singhal T, Hussain A, Grandy-Smith S, Nicholls J, El-Hasani S (2008) Patient experience with gallstone disease in a national health service district hospital. JSLS 12:389–394

35. 35.

    Balakrishnan VB, Kumar R, Dhanpathi H, Nadig M, Mohapatra T, Bal CS, Malhotra A (2008) Hepatobiliary scintigraphy in detecting lesser sac bile leak in postcholecystectomy patients: the need to recognize as a separate entity. Clin Nucl Med 33:161–167

36. 36.

    Barkun JS, Fried GM, Barkun AN, Sigman HH, Hinchey EJ, Garzon J, Wexler MJ, Meakins JL (1993) Cholecystectomy without operative cholangiography. Implications for common bile duct injury and retained common bile duct stones. Ann Surg 218:371–377; discussion 377–379

37. 37.

    Barrow PJ, Siriwardena AK (2007) Outcome of hepaticojejunostomy without access loop for repair of iatrogenic bile duct injury at laparoscopic cholecystectomy. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 14:374–376

38. 38.

    Barton JR, Russell RC, Hatfield AR (1995) Management of bile leaks after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Br J Surg 82:980–984

39. 39.

    Bauer TW, Morris JB, Lowenstein A, Wolferth C, Rosato FE, Rosato EF (1998) The consequences of a major bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. J Gastrointest Surg 2:61–66

40. 40.

    Bektas H, Schrem H, Winny M, Klempnauer J (2007) Surgical treatment and outcome of iatrogenic bile duct lesions after cholecystectomy and the impact of different clinical classification systems. Br J Surg 94:1119–1127

41. 41.

    Bektas H, Winny M, Schrem H, Becker T, Klempnauer J (2007) [Late stage stenoses of bile ducts after iatrogenic bile duct injuries following cholecystectomy]. Zentralbl Chir 132:523–528

42. 42.

    Beldi G, Glattli A (2003) Laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy for severe cholecystitis. Surg Endosc 17:1437–1439

43. 43.

    Belz J, Schwacha H, Hagenmuller F (1997) [Nasobiliary tube in management of postoperative bile fistulas]. Chirurg 68:68–71

44. 44.

    Ben Baruch D, Mobel M, Antebi E (1996) The role of nuclear scintigraphy of suspected bile duct injury following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Isr J Med Sci 32:1306–1308

45. 45.

    Bentzon N, Adamsen S (1995) Impact of laparoscopic technique on the quality of cholecystectomy. J Laparoendosc Surg 5:279–287

46. 46.

    Berci G (1992) Biliary ductal anatomy and anomalies. The role of intraoperative cholangiography during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Clin North Am 72:1069–1075

47. 47.

    Berger M, Junemann K, Schramm H (2001) [Danger of monopolar current in laparoscopic gallbladder surgery]. Zentralbl Chir 126:591–595

48. 48.

    Berggren P, Farago I, Gabrielsson N, Thor K (1997) Intravenous cholangiography before 1000 consecutive laparoscopic cholecystectomies. Br J Surg 84:472–476

49. 49.

    Bergman JJ, van den Brink GR, Rauws EA, de Wit L, Obertop H, Huibregtse K, Tytgat GN, Gouma DJ (1996) Treatment of bile duct lesions after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Gut 38:141–147

50. 50.

    Bernard HR, Hartman TW (1993) Complications after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Am J Surg 165:533–535

51. 51.

    Berthou J, Dron B, Charbonneau P, Moussalier K, Pellissier L (2007) Evaluation of laparoscopic treatment of common bile duct stones in a prospective series of 505 patients: indications and results. Surg Endosc 21:1970–1974

52. 52.

    Bezzi M, Silecchia G, Orsi F, Materia A, Salvatori FM, Fiocca F, Fantini A, Basso N, Rossi P (1995) Complications after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Coordinated radiologic, endoscopic, and surgical treatment. Surg Endosc 9:29–36

53. 53.

    Bingener J, Richards ML, Schwesinger WH, Strodel WE, Sirinek KR (2003) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for elderly patients: gold standard for golden years? Arch Surg 138:531–535; discussion 535–536

54. 54.

    Bingener-Casey J, Richards ML, Strodel WE, Schwesinger WH, Sirinek KR (2002) Reasons for conversion from laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy: a 10-year review. J Gastrointest Surg 6:800–805

55. 55.

    Bingham J, McKie LD, McLoughlin J, Diamond T (2000) Biliary complications associated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy—an analysis of common misconceptions. Ulster Med J 69:106–111

56. 56.

    Birdi I, Hunt TM, Veitch PS, Armon M, Jervis P, Barr C (1994) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in Leicester: an audit of 555 patients. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 76:390–395

57. 57.

    Bismuth H (2003) Surgical management of bile duct stricture following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Acta Chir Belg 103:140–142

58. 58.

    Bockler D, Geoghegan J, Klein M, Weissmann Q, Turan M, Meyer L, Scheele J (1999) Implications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy for surgical residency training. JSLS 3:19–22

59. 59.

    Bonatsos G, Leandros E, Dourakis N, Birbas C, Delibaltadakis G, Golematis B (1995) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Intraoperative findings and postoperative complications. Surg Endosc 9:889–893

60. 60.

    Bonatsos G, Leandros E, Polydorou A, Romanos A, Dourakis N, Birbas C, Golematis B (1996) ERCP in association with laparoscopic cholecystectomy. A strategy to minimize the number of unnecessary ERCPs. Surg Endosc 10:37–40

61. 61.

    Borjeson J, Liu SK, Jones S, Matolo NM (2000) Selective intraoperative cholangiography during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: how selective? Am Surg 66:616–618

62. 62.

    Born P, Bruhl K, Rosch T, Ungeheuer A, Neuhaus H, Classen M (1996) Long-term follow-up of endoscopic therapy in patients with post-surgical biliary leakage. Hepatogastroenterology 43:477–482

63. 63.

    Borowicz MR, Adams DB, Simpson JP, Cunningham JT (1995) Management of biliary strictures due to laparoscopic cholecystectomy. J Surg Res 58:86–89

64. 64.

    Borzellino G, de Manzoni G, Ricci F, Castaldini G, Guglielmi A, Cordiano C (1999) Emergency cholecystostomy and subsequent cholecystectomy for acute gallstone cholecystitis in the elderly. Br J Surg 86:1521–1525

65. 65.

    Branum G, Schmitt C, Baillie J, Suhocki P, Baker M, Davidoff A, Branch S, Chari R, Cucchiaro G, Murray E et al. (1993) Management of major biliary complications after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Ann Surg 217:532–540; discussion 540–531

66. 66.

    Bresadola V, Intini S, Terrosu G, Baccarani U, Marcellino MG, Sistu M, Scanavacca F, Bresadola F (2001) Intraoperative cholangiography in laparoscopic cholecystectomy during residency in general surgery. Surg Endosc 15:812–815

67. 67.

    Brooks DC, Becker JM, Connors PJ, Carr-Locke DL (1993) Management of bile leaks following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc 7:292–295

68. 68.

    Brugge WR, Rosenberg DJ, Alavi A (1994) Diagnosis of postoperative bile leaks. Am J Gastroenterol 89:2178–2183

69. 69.

    Brune IB, Schonleben K, Omran S (1994) Complications after laparoscopic and conventional cholecystectomy: a comparative study. HPB Surg 8:19–25

70. 70.

    Brunt LM, Quasebarth MA, Dunnegan DL, Soper NJ (2001) Outcomes analysis of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the extremely elderly. Surg Endosc 15:700–705

71. 71.

    Bryant TL (1992) Bipolar electrocautery in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. J Laparoendosc Surg 2:155–158

72. 72.

    Cala Z, Velnic D, Cvitanovic B, Rasic Z, Perko Z (1996) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: results after 1000 procedures. Acta Med Croatica 50:147–149

73. 73.

    Calvete J, Sabater L, Camps B, Verdu A, Gomez-Portilla A, Martin J, Torrico MA, Flor B, Cassinello N, Lledo S (2000) Bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: myth or reality of the learning curve? Surg Endosc 14:608–611

74. 74.

    Caratozzolo E, Massani M, Recordare A, Bonariol L, Antoniutti M, Jelmoni A, Bassi N (2004) Usefulness of both operative cholangiography and conversion to decrease major bile duct injuries during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 11:171–175

75. 75.

    Carr A, Bhavaraju A, Goza J, Wilson R (2010) Initial experience with single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Am Surg 76:703–707

76. 76.

    Carroll BJ, Friedman RL, Liberman MA, Phillips EH (1996) Routine cholangiography reduces sequelae of common bile duct injuries. Surg Endosc 10:1194–1197

77. 77.

    Carvalho GL, Silva FW, Silva JS, de Albuquerque PP, Coelho Rde M, Vilaca TG, Lacerda CM (2009) Needlescopic clipless cholecystectomy as an efficient, safe, and cost-effective alternative with diminutive scars: the first 1000 cases. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 19:368–372

78. 78.

    Cates JA, Tompkins RK, Zinner MJ, Busuttil RW, Kallman C, Roslyn JJ (1993) Biliary complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Am Surg 59:243–247

79. 79.

    Chan AC, Chung SC, Lau JW, Brockwell J, Li MK, Tate JJ, Au KT, Li AK (1994) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: results of first 300 cases in Hong Kong. J R Coll Surg Edinb 39:26–30

80. 80.

    Chander J, Vindal A, Lal P, Gupta N, Ramteke VK (2011) Laparoscopic management of CBD stones: an Indian experience. Surg Endosc 25:172–181

81. 81.

    Chandio A, Timmons S, Majeed A, Twomey A, Aftab F (2009) Factors influencing the successful completion of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. JSLS 13:581–586

82. 82.

    Chandler JG, Voyles CR, Floore TL, Bartholomew LA (1997) Litigious consequences of open and laparoscopic biliary surgical mishaps. J Gastrointest Surg 1:138–145; discussion 145

83. 83.

    Chau CH, Siu WT, Tang CN, Ha PY, Kwok SY, Yau KK, Li AC, Li MK (2006) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis: the evolving trend in an institution. Asian J Surg 29:120–124

84. 84.

    Chaudhary A, Negi SS, Puri SK, Narang P (2002) Comparison of magnetic resonance cholangiography and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography in the evaluation of bile duct strictures after cholecystectomy. Br J Surg 89:433–436

85. 85.

    Cheema S, Brannigan AE, Johnson S, Delaney PV, Grace PA (2003) Timing of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in acute cholecystitis. Ir J Med Sci 172:128–131

86. 86.

    Chen X, Luo D, Li S, Mao J, Zhou Z, Yu S, Duan Z (1996) Experience in prevention of serious complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Chin Med J (Engl) 109:223–227

87. 87.

    Chen X, Mao J, Wang S, Ru S, Qin X, Luo D, Li S, Duan Z, Wei S, Zhou C (1995) A two-year experience with laparoscopic cholecystectomy—a report of 1475 cases from Kunming, China. Ann Acad Med Singapore 24:312–315

88. 88.

    Cheung MT, Yuen CH, Tse CW, Chia NH, Chiu WY (1999) Audit of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a single center. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 9:181–183

89. 89.

    Chng HC, Chia KH, Ng FC (1993) Experience with laparoscopic cholecystectomy at the Toa Payoh Hospital. Singapore Med J 34:205–207

90. 90.

    Choi JY, Kim MJ, Park MS, Kim JH, Lim JS, Oh YT, Kim KW (2006) Imaging findings of biliary and nonbiliary complications following laparoscopic surgery. Eur Radiol 16:1906–1914

91. 91.

    Chow A, Purkayastha S, Aziz O, Pefanis D, Paraskeva P (2010) Single-incision laparoscopic surgery for cholecystectomy: a retrospective comparison with 4-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Arch Surg 145:1187–1191

92. 92.

    Christoforidis E, Goulimaris I, Tsalis K, Kanellos I, Demetriades H, Betsis D (2002) The endoscopic management of persistent bile leakage after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc 16:843–846

93. 93.

    Christoforidis E, Vasiliadis K, Goulimaris I, Tsalis K, Kanellos I, Papachilea T, Tsorlini E, Betsis D (2007) A single center experience in minimally invasive treatment of postcholecystectomy bile leak, complicated with biloma formation. J Surg Res 141:171–175

94. 94.

    Chuang KI, Corley D, Postlethwaite DA, Merchant M, Harris HW (2012) Does increased experience with laparoscopic cholecystectomy yield more complex bile duct injuries? Am J Surg 203:480–487

95. 95.

    Clair DG, Carr-Locke DL, Becker JM, Brooks DC (1993) Routine cholangiography is not warranted during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Arch Surg 128:551–554; discussion 554–555

96. 96.

    Cohen MM, Young W, Theriault ME, Hernandez R (1996) Has laparoscopic cholecystectomy changed patterns of practice and patient outcome in Ontario? CMAJ 154:491–500

97. 97.

    Collet D (1997) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in 1994. Results of a prospective survey conducted by SFCERO on 4,624 cases. Societe Francaise de Chirurgie Endoscopique et Radiologie Operatoire. Surg Endosc 11:56–63

98. 98.

    Collet D, Edye M, Perissat J (1993) Conversions and complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Results of a survey conducted by the French Society of Endoscopic Surgery and Interventional Radiology. Surg Endosc 7:334–338

99. 99.

    Contractor QQ, Dubian MK, Boujemla M, Contractor TQ (2001) Endoscopic therapy after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. J Clin Gastroenterol 33:218–221

100. 100.

     Conzo G, Amato G, Angrisani L, Bardi U, Belli G, Brancaccio U, Calise F, Celsi S, Corcione F, Cuccurullo D, De Falco G, De Werra C, De Sena G, Docimo G, Esposito MG, Fantini C, Giardiello C, Livrea A, Lorenzo M, Molino C, Musella M, Muto C, Palazzo A, Porcelli A, Rea R, Rendano F, Santangelo M, Santaniello W, Santini L, Sperlongano P, Stanzione F, Tartaglia A, Tricarico A, Vincenti R, Delrio P (2007) Hepaticojejunostomy in the treatment of iatrogenic biliary lesions following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. A retrospective study on 51 cases. Hepatogastroenterology 54:2328–2332

101. 101.

     Corbitt JD Jr, Cantwell DV (1991) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy with operative cholangiogram. Surg Laparosc Endosc 1:229–232

102. 102.

     Corbitt JD Jr, Leonetti LA (1997) One thousand and six consecutive laparoscopic intraoperative cholangiograms. JSLS 1:13–16

103. 103.

     Cox MR, Wilson TG, Jeans PL, Padbury RT, Toouli J (1994) Minimizing the risk of bile duct injury at laparoscopic cholecystectomy. World J Surg 18:422–426; discussion 426–427

104. 104.

     Croce E, Azzola M, Golia M, Russo R, Pompa C (1994) Laparocholecystectomy. 6,865 cases from Italian institutions. Surg Endosc 8:1088–1091

105. 105.

     Csendes A, Navarrete C, Burdiles P, Yarmuch J (2001) Treatment of common bile duct injuries during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: endoscopic and surgical management. World J Surg 25:1346–1351

106. 106.

     Csikesz N, Ricciardi R, Tseng JF, Shah SA (2008) Current status of surgical management of acute cholecystitis in the United States. World J Surg 32:2230–2236

107. 107.

     Csikesz NG, Singla A, Murphy MM, Tseng JF, Shah SA (2010) Surgeon volume metrics in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Dig Dis Sci 55:2398–2405

108. 108.

     Cuschieri A, Dubois F, Mouiel J, Mouret P, Becker H, Buess G, Trede M, Troidl H (1991) The European experience with laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Am J Surg 161:385–387

109. 109.

     Daradkeh S (2005) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: analytical study of 1208 cases. Hepatogastroenterology 52:1011–1014

110. 110.

     Dashow L, Friedman I, Kempner R, Rudick J, McSherry C (1992) Initial experience with laparoscopic cholecystectomy at the Beth Israel Medical Center. Surg Gynecol Obstet 175:25–30

111. 111.

     Davidoff AM, Pappas TN, Murray EA, Hilleren DJ, Johnson RD, Baker ME, Newman GE, Cotton PB, Meyers WC (1992) Mechanisms of major biliary injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Ann Surg 215:196–202

112. 112.

     Davids PH, Ringers J, Rauws EA, de Wit LT, Huibregtse K, van der Heyde MN, Tytgat GN (1993) Bile duct injury after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: the value of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Gut 34:1250–1254

113. 113.

     Davis CJ, Arregui ME, Nagan RF, Shaar C (1992) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: the St. Vincent experience. Surg Laparosc Endosc 2:64–68

114. 114.

     De Palma GD, Galloro G, Iuliano G, Puzziello A, Persico F, Masone S, Persico G (2002) Leaks from laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Hepatogastroenterology 49:924–925

115. 115.

     De Palma GD, Galloro G, Romano G, Sottile R, Puzziello A, Persico F, Masone S, Labianca O, Persico G (2003) Long-term follow-up after endoscopic biliary stent placement for bile duct strictures from laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Hepatogastroenterology 50:1229–1231

116. 116.

     de Reuver PR, Busch OR, Rauws EA, Lameris JS, van Gulik TM, Gouma DJ (2007) Long-term results of a primary end-to-end anastomosis in peroperative detected bile duct injury. J Gastrointest Surg 11:296–302

117. 117.

     de Reuver PR, Grossmann I, Busch OR, Obertop H, van Gulik TM, Gouma DJ (2007) Referral pattern and timing of repair are risk factors for complications after reconstructive surgery for bile duct injury. Ann Surg 245:763–770

118. 118.

     de Reuver PR, Rauws EA, Bruno MJ, Lameris JS, Busch OR, van Gulik TM, Gouma DJ (2007) Survival in bile duct injury patients after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a multidisciplinary approach of gastroenterologists, radiologists, and surgeons. Surgery 142:1–9

119. 119.

     De Wit LT, Rauws EA, Gouma DJ (1999) Surgical management of iatrogenic bile duct injury. Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl 230:89–94

120. 120.

     Debru E, Dawson A, Leibman S, Richardson M, Glen L, Hollinshead J, Falk GL (2005) Does routine intraoperative cholangiography prevent bile duct transection? Surg Endosc 19:589–593

121. 121.

     Dexter SP, Martin IG, Marton J, McMahon MJ (1997) Long operation and the risk of complications from laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Br J Surg 84:464–466

122. 122.

     Deziel DJ, Millikan KW, Economou SG, Doolas A, Ko ST, Airan MC (1993) Complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a national survey of 4,292 hospitals and an analysis of 77,604 cases. Am J Surg 165:9–14

123. 123.

     Diamantis T, Tsigris C, Kiriakopoulos A, Papalambros E, Bramis J, Michail P, Felekouras E, Griniatsos J, Rosenberg T, Kalahanis N, Giannopoulos A, Bakoyiannis C, Bastounis E (2005) Bile duct injuries associated with laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy: an 11-year experience in one institute. Surg Today 35:841–845

124. 124.

     Dion YM, Morin J (1990) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a report of 60 cases. Can J Surg 33:483–486

125. 125.

     Doctor N, Dooley JS, Dick R, Watkinson A, Rolles K, Davidson BR (1998) Multidisciplinary approach to biliary complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Br J Surg 85:627–632

126. 126.

     Doganay M, Kama NA, Reis E, Kologlu M, Atli M, Gozalan U (2002) Management of main bile duct injuries that occur during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc 16:216

127. 127.

     Dolan JP, Diggs BS, Sheppard BC, Hunter JG (2005) Ten-year trend in the national volume of bile duct injuries requiring operative repair. Surg Endosc 19:967–973

128. 128.

     Dolan S, Khan Z, McNally D, Calvert CH, Moorehead RJ (1999) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: experience with 303 patients over the initial four years. Ulster Med J 68:64–67

129. 129.

     Dominguez EP, Giammar D, Baumert J, Ruiz O (2006) A prospective study of bile leaks after laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis. Am Surg 72:265–268

130. 130.

     Donohue JH, Farnell MB, Grant CS, van Heerden JA, Wahlstrom HE, Sarr MG, Weaver AL, Ilstrup DM (1992) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: early Mayo Clinic experience. Mayo Clin Proc 67:449–455

131. 131.

     Dorazio RA (1995) Selective operative cholangiography in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Am Surg 61:911–913

132. 132.

     Dubois F, Berthelot G, Levard H (1995) Coelioscopic cholecystectomy: experience with 2006 cases. World J Surg 19:748–752

133. 133.

     Duff WM (2006) Avoiding misidentification injuries in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: use of cystic duct marking technique in intraoperative cholangiography. J Am Coll Surg 203:257–261

134. 134.

     Dunn D, Nair R, Fowler S, McCloy R (1994) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in England and Wales: results of an audit by the Royal College of Surgeons of England. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 76:269–275

135. 135.

     Edwards C, Bradshaw A, Ahearne P, Dematos P, Humble T, Johnson R, Mauterer D, Soosaar P (2010) Single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy is feasible: initial experience with 80 cases. Surg Endosc 24:2241–2247

136. 136.

     Eldar S, Sabo E, Nash E, Abrahamson J, Matter I (1997) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis: prospective trial. World J Surg 21:540–545

137. 137.

     Elsey JK, Feliciano DV (2010) Initial experience with single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy. J Am Coll Surg 210:620–624, 624–626

138. 138.

     Emous M, Westerterp M, Wind J, Eerenberg JP, van Geloven AA (2010) Registering the critical view of safety: photo or video? Surg Endosc 24:2527–2530

139. 139.

     Erben Y, Benavente-Chenhalls LA, Donohue JM, Que FG, Kendrick ML, Reid-Lombardo KM, Farnell MB, Nagorney DM (2011) Diagnosis and Treatment of Mirizzi Syndrome: 23-Year Mayo Clinic Experience. J Am Coll Surg

140. 140.

     Ercan M, Bostanci EB, Teke Z, Karaman K, Dalgic T, Ulas M, Ozer I, Ozogul YB, Atalay F, Akoglu M (2010) Predictive factors for conversion to open surgery in patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 20:427–434

141. 141.

     Ercan M, Bostanci EB, Ulas M, Ozer I, Ozogul Y, Seven C, Atalay F, Akoglu M (2009) Effects of previous abdominal surgery incision type on complications and conversion rate in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 19:373–378

142. 142.

     Farha GJ, Mullins JR, Beamer RL (1992) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a private community setting. J Laparoendosc Surg 2:75–80

143. 143.

     Fathy O, Zeid MA, Abdallah T, Fouad A, Eleinien AA, el-Hak NG, Eleibiedy G, el-Wahab MA, Sultan A, Anwar N, Ezzat F (2003) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a report on 2000 cases. Hepatogastroenterology 50:967–971

144. 144.

     Fatima J, Barton JG, Grotz TE, Geng Z, Harmsen WS, Huebner M, Baron TH, Kendrick ML, Donohue JH, Que FG, Nagorney DM, Farnell MB (2010) Is there a role for endoscopic therapy as a definitive treatment for post-laparoscopic bile duct injuries? J Am Coll Surg 211:495–502

145. 145.

     Ferguson CM (1992) Electrosurgical laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Am Surg 58:96–99

146. 146.

     Ferguson CM, Rattner DW, Warshaw AL (1992) Bile duct injury in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Laparosc Endosc 2:1–7

147. 147.

     Ferzli G, Kloss DA (1991) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: 111 consecutive cases. Am J Gastroenterol 86:1176–1178

148. 148.

     Ferzli G, Massaad A, Piperno B, Fiorillo M, Kiel T (1996) Changing experiences with 1848 cholecystectomies at a single institution. J Laparoendosc Surg 6:1–11

149. 149.

     Ferzli GS, Fiorillo MA, Hayek NE, Sabido F (1997) Chief resident experience with laparoscopic cholecystectomy. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 7:147–150

150. 150.

     Feussner H, Ungeheuer A, Lehr L, Siewert JR (1991) [Technique of laparoscopic cholecystectomy]. Langenbecks Arch Chir 376:367–374

151. 151.

     Fiallo VM, O’Connor FX, Reed WP (1994) Preceptored introduction of laparoscopic techniques for cholecystectomy into a large university-affiliated medical center. Surg Endosc 8:1063–1066

152. 152.

     Flowers JL, Zucker KA, Graham SM, Scovill WA, Imbembo AL, Bailey RW (1992) Laparoscopic cholangiography. Results and indications. Ann Surg 215:209–216

153. 153.

     Flum DR, Dellinger EP, Cheadle A, Chan L, Koepsell T (2003) Intraoperative cholangiography and risk of common bile duct injury during cholecystectomy. JAMA 289:1639–1644

154. 154.

     Flum DR, Koepsell T, Heagerty P, Sinanan M, Dellinger EP (2001) Common bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy and the use of intraoperative cholangiography: adverse outcome or preventable error? Arch Surg 136:1287–1292

155. 155.

     Foutch PG, Harlan JR, Hoefer M (1993) Endoscopic therapy for patients with a post-operative biliary leak. Gastrointest Endosc 39:416–421

156. 156.

     Fox AD, Baigrie RJ, Cobb RA, Dowling BL (1996) Peroperative cholangiography through the gallbladder (cholecystocholangiography) during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Laparosc Endosc 6:22–25

157. 157.

     Frilling A, Li J, Weber F, Fruhauf NR, Engel J, Beckebaum S, Paul A, Zopf T, Malago M, Broelsch CE (2004) Major bile duct injuries after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a tertiary center experience. J Gastrointest Surg 8:679–685

158. 158.

     Frimberger E (1999) Laparoscopic cholecystotomy. Baillieres Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 13:199–205

159. 159.

     Fronza JS, Linn JG, Nagle AP, Soper NJ (2010) A single institution’s experience with single incision cholecystectomy compared to standard laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surgery 148:731–734; discussion 734–736

160. 160.

     Fullarton GM, Bell G (1994) Prospective audit of the introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the west of Scotland. West of Scotland Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Audit Group. Gut 35:1121–1126

161. 161.

     Gadacz TR (1993) U.S. experience with laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Am J Surg 165:450–454

162. 162.

     Gai H, Thiele H (1992) [Ultrasound selection criteria for laparoscopic cholecystectomy]. Chirurg 63:426–431

163. 163.

     Gartner U, Schwenke E (1998) [Endoscopic therapy of postoperative complications of the bile ducts]. Zentralbl Chir 123 Suppl 2:106–109

164. 164.

     Gazzaniga GM, Filauro M, Mori L (2001) Surgical treatment of iatrogenic lesions of the proximal common bile duct. World J Surg 25:1254–1259

165. 165.

     Gentileschi P, Di Paola M, Catarci M, Santoro E, Montemurro L, Carlini M, Nanni E, Alessandroni L, Angeloni R, Benini B, Cristini F, Dalla Torre A, De Stefano C, Gatto A, Gossetti F, Manfroni S, Mascagni P, Masoni L, Montalto G, Polito D, Puce E, Silecchia G, Terenzi A, Valle M, Vita S, Zanarini T (2004) Bile duct injuries during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a 1994–2001 audit on 13,718 operations in the area of Rome. Surg Endosc 18:232–236

166. 166.

     Georgiades CP, Mavromatis TN, Kourlaba GC, Kapiris SA, Bairamides EG, Spyrou AM, Kokkinos CN, Spyratou CS, Ieronymou MI, Diamantopoulos GI (2008) Is inflammation a significant predictor of bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy? Surg Endosc 22:1959–1964

167. 167.

     Gharaibeh KI, Qasaimeh GR, Al-Heiss H, Ammari F, Bani-Hani K, Al-Jaberi TM, Al-Natour S (2002) Effect of timing of surgery, type of inflammation, and sex on outcome of laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 12:193–198

168. 168.

     Ghazal AH, Sorour MA, El-Riwini M, El-Bahrawy H (2009) Single-step treatment of gall bladder and bile duct stones: a combined endoscopic-laparoscopic technique. Int J Surg 7:338–346

169. 169.

     Ghnnam W, Malek J, Shebl E, Elbeshry T, Ibrahim A (2010) Rate of conversion and complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a tertiary care center in Saudi Arabia. Ann Saudi Med 30:145–148

170. 170.

     Giger U, Ouaissi M, Schmitz SF, Krahenbuhl S, Krahenbuhl L (2011) Bile duct injury and use of cholangiography during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Br J Surg 98:391–396

171. 171.

     Giger UF, Michel JM, Opitz I, Th Inderbitzin D, Kocher T, Krahenbuhl L (2006) Risk factors for perioperative complications in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy: analysis of 22,953 consecutive cases from the Swiss Association of Laparoscopic and Thoracoscopic Surgery database. J Am Coll Surg 203:723–728

172. 172.

     Gigot J, Etienne J, Aerts R, Wibin E, Dallemagne B, Deweer F, Fortunati D, Legrand M, Vereecken L, Doumont J, Van Reepinghen P, Beguin C (1997) The dramatic reality of biliary tract injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. An anonymous multicenter Belgian survey of 65 patients. Surg Endosc 11:1171–1178

173. 173.

     Glattli A, Klaiber C, Metzger A (1994) [Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: current status]. Schweiz Med Wochenschr 124:502–508

174. 174.

     Golub R, Brodsky N, Cantu R Jr, Kuan J, Palmadessa D (2000) Same-session endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and cholecystectomy. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 10:272–274

175. 175.

     Goodman GR, Hunter JG (1991) Results of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a university hospital. Am J Surg 162:576–579

176. 176.

     Gourgiotis S, Dimopoulos N, Germanos S, Vougas V, Alfaras P, Hadjiyannakis E (2007) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a safe approach for management of acute cholecystitis. JSLS 11:219–224

177. 177.

     Graber JN, Schultz LS, Pietrafitta JJ, Hickok DF (1992) Complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a prospective review of an initial 100 consecutive cases. Lasers Surg Med 12:92–97

178. 178.

     Grace PA, Qureshi A, Burke P, Leahy A, Brindley N, Osborne H, Lane B, Broe P, Bouchier-Hayes D (1993) Selective cholangiography in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Br J Surg 80:244–246

179. 179.

     Grau-Talens EJ, Garcia-Olives F, Ruperez-Arribas MP (1998) Transcylindrical cholecystectomy: new technique for minimally invasive cholecystectomy. World J Surg 22:453–458

180. 180.

     Grau-Talens EJ, Giner M (2010) Transcylindrical gas-free cholecystectomy for the treatment of cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, and choledocholithiasis. Surg Endosc 24:2099–2104

181. 181.

     Griniatsos J, Karvounis E, Isla AM (2005) Limitations of fluoroscopic intraoperative cholangiography in cases suggestive of choledocholithiasis. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 15:312–317

182. 182.

     Gronroos JM, Hamalainen MT, Karvonen J, Gullichsen R, Laine S (2003) Is male gender a risk factor for bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy? Langenbecks Arch Surg 388:261–264

183. 183.

     Hakamada K, Narumi S, Toyoki Y, Nara M, Oohashi M, Miura T, Jin H, Yoshihara S, Sugai M, Sasaki M (2008) Intraoperative ultrasound as an educational guide for laparoscopic biliary surgery. World J Gastroenterol 14:2370–2376

184. 184.

     Hallenscheidt T, Dietz C, Fuhrmann C, Kramling HJ (2000) [Intraoperative cholangiography in laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis]. Zentralbl Chir 125:183–185

185. 185.

     Hallfeldt KK, Puhlmann M, Neelamekam TK, Hay DJ (1994) [Laparoscopic cholecystectomy-experiences in a British district general hospital]. Zentralbl Chir 119:378–382

186. 186.

     Hamad MA, Nada AA, Abdel-Atty MY, Kawashti AS (2011) Major biliary complications in 2,714 cases of laparoscopic cholecystectomy without intraoperative cholangiography: a multicenter retrospective study. Surg Endosc

187. 187.

     Hamazaki K, Kurose M (2000) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: experience with 150 consecutive patients in Kurashiki. Hiroshima J Med Sci 49:1–6

188. 188.

     Han HJ, Choi SB, Kim WB, Choi SY (2011) Single-incision multiport laparoscopic cholecystectomy: things to overcome. Arch Surg 146:68–73

189. 189.

     Harboe KM, Bardram L (2011) The quality of cholecystectomy in Denmark: outcome and risk factors for 20,307 patients from the national database. Surg Endosc 25:1630–1641

190. 190.

     Hardy KJ, Miller H, Fletcher DR, Jones RM, Shulkes A, McNeil JJ (1994) An evaluation of laparoscopic versus open cholecystectomy. Med J Aust 160:58–62

191. 191.

     Harris BC (1993) Retrospective comparison of outcome of 100 consecutive open cholecystectomies and 100 consecutive laparoscopic cholecystectomies. South Med J 86:993–996

192. 192.

     Harrison VL, Dolan JP, Pham TH, Diggs BS, Greenstein AJ, Sheppard BC, Hunter JG (2011) Bile duct injury after laparoscopic cholecystectomy in hospitals with and without surgical residency programs: is there a difference? Surg Endosc 25:1969–1974

193. 193.

     Hashimoto M, Matsuda M, Watanabe G (2010) Intraoperative ultrasonography for reducing bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Hepatogastroenterology 57:706–709

194. 194.

     Hasl DM, Ruiz OR, Baumert J, Gerace C, Matyas JA, Taylor PH, Kennedy GM (2001) A prospective study of bile leaks after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc 15:1299–1300

195. 195.

     Hawasli A (1993) Does routine cystic duct cholangiogram during laparoscopic cholecystectomy prevent common bile duct injury? Surg Laparosc Endosc 3:290–295

196. 196.

     Haynes JH, Guha SC, Taylor SG (2004) Laparoscopic cholescystectomy in a rural family practice: the Vivian, LA, experience. J Fam Pract 53:205–208; discussion 209–212

197. 197.

     Hazzan D, Geron N, Golijanin D, Reissman P, Shiloni E (2003) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in octogenarians. Surg Endosc 17:773–776

198. 198.

     Heise M, Schmidt SC, Adler A, Hintze RE, Langrehr JM, Neuhaus P (2003) [Management of bile duct injuries following laparoscopic cholecystectomy]. Zentralbl Chir 128:944–951

199. 199.

     Hellinger A, Lange R, Peitgen K, Stephan V, Krause U, Erhard J (1997) [Bile duct lesions in laparoscopic cholecystectomy-methods of reconstruction and results]. Zentralbl Chir 122:1092–1098

200. 200.

     Helmy MA (2008) Iatrogenic bile duct injuries: management of ten patients. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 38:873–882

201. 201.

     Hernandez J, Ross S, Morton C, McFarlin K, Dahal S, Golkar F, Albrink M, Rosemurgy A (2010) The learning curve of laparoendoscopic single-site (LESS) cholecystectomy: definable, short, and safe. J Am Coll Surg 211:652–657

202. 202.

     Hershman MJ, Rosin RD (1992) Laparoscopic laser cholecystectomy: our first 200 patients. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 74:242–247

203. 203.

     Herve J, Simoens C, Smets D, Ngongang C, Mendes da Costa P (2007) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy; a retrospective 10-year study. Hepatogastroenterology 54:1326–1330

204. 204.

     Herzog U, Kocher T, Ackermann C, Schuppisser JP, Looser C, Tondelli P (1992) [Laparoscopic cholecystectomy-experiences and results with a new surgical technique]. Schweiz Med Wochenschr 122:659–662

205. 205.

     Himal HS (1996) The role of ERCP in laparoscopic cholecystectomy-related cystic duct stump leaks. Surg Endosc 10:653–655

206. 206.

     Hjelmqvist B (2000) Complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy as recorded in the Swedish laparoscopy registry. Eur J Surg Suppl:18–21

207. 207.

     Hobbs MS, Mai Q, Knuiman MW, Fletcher DR, Ridout SC (2006) Surgeon experience and trends in intraoperative complications in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Br J Surg 93:844–853

208. 208.

     Hoferlin A, Roder W, Hohle KD (1995) [Does the “Bergetrokar” decrease the rate of intraoperative complications in laparoscopic cholecystectomy?]. Chirurg 66:990–993

209. 209.

     Hoffmann W, Neuhaus H (1993) [The role of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in complications after laparoscopic cholecystectomy]. Bildgebung 60(Suppl 1):57–60

210. 210.

     Holbling N, Pilz E, Feil W, Schiessel R (1995) [Laparoscopic cholecystectomy-a meta-analysis of 23,700 cases and status of a personal patient sample]. Wien Klin Wochenschr 107:158–162

211. 211.

     Holte K, Bardram L, Wettergren A, Rasmussen A (2010) Reconstruction of major bile duct injuries after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Dan Med Bull 57:A4135

212. 212.

     Holzinger J, Mayer F, Heinerman PM, Sungler P, Waclawiczek HW, Boeckl O (1997) [Treatment of postoperative bile fistulas after laparoscopic cholecystectomy by ERCP, EPT and bile duct drainage]. Zentralbl Chir 122:1088–1091

213. 213.

     Holzman MD, Sharp K, Holcomb GW, Frexes-Steed M, Richards WO (1994) An alternative technique for laparoscopic cholangiography. Surg Endosc 8:927–930

214. 214.

     Hosch SB, Zornig C, Izbicki JR, Prenzel KL, Thonke F, Broelsch CE (1996) [Surgical correction of bile duct injuries after laparoscopic cholecystectomy]. Zentralbl Chir 121:290–293

215. 215.

     Huang CS, Lein HH, Tai FC, Wu CH (2003) Long-term results of major bile duct injury associated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc 17:1362–1367

216. 216.

     Huang CS, Tai FC, Shi MY, Chen DF, Wang NY (1992) Complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy: an analysis of 200 cases. J Formos Med Assoc 91:785–792

217. 217.

     Huang SM, Wu CW, Hong HT, Ming L, King KL, Lui WY (1993) Bile duct injury and bile leakage in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Br J Surg 80:1590–1592

218. 218.

     Huang X, Feng Y, Huang Z (1997) Complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in China: an analysis of 39,238 cases. Chin Med J (Engl) 110:704–706

219. 219.

     Hubert C, Annet L, van Beers BE, Gigot JF (2010) The “inside approach of the gallbladder” is an alternative to the classic Calot’s triangle dissection for a safe operation in severe cholecystitis. Surg Endosc 24:2626–2632

220. 220.

     Hugh TB, Chen FC, Hugh TJ, Li B (1992) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy. A prospective study of outcome in 100 unselected patients. Med J Aust 156:318–320

221. 221.

     Hunter JG (1991) Avoidance of bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Am J Surg 162:71–76

222. 222.

     Hussain MI, Khan AF (2006) Outcome of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in acute and chronic cholecystitis. Saudi Med J 27:657–660

223. 223.

     Ibrahim S, Tay KH, Lim SH, Ravintharan T, Tan NC (2008) Analysis of a structured training programme in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Langenbecks Arch Surg 393:943–948

224. 224.

     Ichihara T, Suzuki N, Horisawa M, Kataoka M, Uchida Y, Sekiya M, Matsui T, Chen H, Sakamoto J, Nakao A, Koide A (1996) The importance of the real-time fluoroscopic intraoperative direct cholangiogram in the laparoscopic cholecystectomy using a new instrument. Hepatogastroenterology 43:1296–1304

225. 225.

     Ichihara T, Takada M, Ajiki T, Fukumoto S, Urakawa T, Nagahata Y, Kuroda Y (2004) Tape ligature of cystic duct and fundus-down approach for safety laparoscopic cholecystectomy: outcome of 500 patients. Hepatogastroenterology 51:362–364

226. 226.

     Ichiya T, Maguchi H, Takahashi K, Katanuma A, Osanai M, Kin T (2011) Endoscopic management of laparoscopic cholecystectomy-associated bile duct injuries. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci 18:81–86

227. 227.

     Ido K, Isoda N, Kawamoto C, Suzuki T, Ioka T, Nagamine N, Taniguchi Y, Kumagai M, Kimura K (1996) Confirmation of a “safety zone” by intraoperative cholangiography during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc 10:798–800

228. 228.

     Ihasz M, Hung CM, Regoly-Merei J, Fazekas T, Batorfi J, Balint A, Zaborszky A, Posfai G (1997) Complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in Hungary: a multicentre study of 13,833 patients. Eur J Surg 163:267–274

229. 229.

     Ikeda T, Yonemura Y, Ueda N, Kabashima A, Mashino K, Yamashita K, Fujii K, Tashiro H, Sakata H (2011) Intraoperative cholangiography using an endoscopic nasobiliary tube during a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Today 41:667–673

230. 230.

     Inui H, Kwon AH, Kamiyama Y (1998) Managing bile duct injury during and after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 5:445–449

231. 231.

     Ishizaki Y, Miwa K, Yoshimoto J, Sugo H, Kawasaki S (2006) Conversion of elective laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy between 1993 and 2004. Br J Surg 93:987–991

232. 232.

     Ishizawa T, Bandai Y, Ijichi M, Kaneko J, Hasegawa K, Kokudo N (2010) Fluorescent cholangiography illuminating the biliary tree during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Br J Surg 97:1369–1377

233. 233.

     Ji W, Li LT, Li JS (2006) Role of laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy in the treatment of complicated cholecystitis. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 5:584–589

234. 234.

     Johnson LW, Sehon JK, Lee WC, Zibari GB, McDonald JC (2001) Mirizzi’s syndrome: experience from a multi-institutional review. Am Surg 67:11–14

235. 235.

     Johnson SR, Koehler A, Pennington LK, Hanto DW (2000) Long-term results of surgical repair of bile duct injuries following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surgery 128:668–677

236. 236.

     Johnston SM, Kidney S, Sweeney KJ, Zaki A, Tanner WA, Keane FV (2003) Changing trends in the management of gallstone disease. Surg Endosc 17:781–786

237. 237.

     Jones DB, Dunnegan DL, Soper NJ (1995) Results of a change to routine fluorocholangiography during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surgery 118:693–701; discussion 701–692

238. 238.

     Jones-Monahan K, Gruenberg JC (1998) Bile duct injuries during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a community’s experience. Am Surg 64:638–642

239. 239.

     Jorgensen JO, Norman SL, Hunt DR (1996) A prospective audit of selective cholangiography for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Aust N Z J Surg 66:441–444

240. 240.

     Kaffes AJ, Hourigan L, De Luca N, Byth K, Williams SJ, Bourke MJ (2005) Impact of endoscopic intervention in 100 patients with suspected postcholecystectomy bile leak. Gastrointest Endosc 61:269–275

241. 241.

     Kahler G, Muller C, al-Sibaie A, Scheele J (1998) [Diagnosis and therapy of biliary complications after laparoscopic cholecystectomy by ERCP]. Zentralbl Chir 123 Suppl 2:96–97

242. 242.

     Kakizoe S, Kakizoe Y, Guntani A, Kabashima A, Kakizoe H, Sadamatsu K, Kakizoe T, Kakizoe K (2004) Personal experience of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Hepatogastroenterology 51:934–936

243. 243.

     Kama NA, Doganay M, Dolapci M, Reis E, Atli M, Kologlu M (2001) Risk factors resulting in conversion of laparoscopic cholecystectomy to open surgery. Surg Endosc 15:965–968

244. 244.

     Kaman L, Behera A, Singh R, Katariya RN (2004) Management of major bile duct injuries after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc 18:1196–1199

245. 245.

     Kaman L, Sanyal S, Behera A, Singh R, Katariya RN (2006) Comparison of major bile duct injuries following laparoscopic cholecystectomy and open cholecystectomy. ANZ J Surg 76:788–791

246. 246.

     Kano N, Yamakawa T, Ishikawa Y, Sakai S, Honda H, Kasugai H, Tachibana A (1994) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a report of 409 consecutive cases and its future outlook. Surg Today 24:399–402

247. 247.

     Karvonen J, Gullichsen R, Laine S, Salminen P, Gronroos JM (2007) Bile duct injuries during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: primary and long-term results from a single institution. Surg Endosc 21:1069–1073

248. 248.

     Karvonen J, Salminen P, Gronroos JM (2011) Bile duct injuries during open and laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the laparoscopic era: alarming trends. Surg Endosc

249. 249.

     Kato K, Matsuda M, Onodera K, Kobayashi T, Kasai S, Mito M (1994) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy from fundus downward. Surg Laparosc Endosc 4:373–374

250. 250.

     Katsinelos P, Kountouras J, Paroutoglou G, Beltsis A, Zavos C, Chatzimavroudis G, Vasiliadis I, Papaziogas B (2006) The role of endoscopic treatment in postoperative bile leaks. Hepatogastroenterology 53:166–170

251. 251.

     Kaushik R, Sharma R, Batra R, Yadav TD, Attri AK, Kaushik SP (2002) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: an Indian experience of 1233 cases. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 12:21–25

252. 252.

     Kelly MD (2009) Laparoscopic retrograde (fundus first) cholecystectomy. BMC Surg 9:19

253. 253.

     Kent AL, Cox MR, Wilson TG, Padbury RT, Toouli J (1994) Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Aust N Z J Surg 64:407–412

254. 254.

     Keulemans YC, Bergman JJ, de Wit LT, Rauws EA, Huibregtse K, Tytgat GN, Gouma DJ (1998) Improvement in the management of bile duct injuries? J Am Coll Surg 187:246–254

255. 255.

     Khan M, Qadri SJ, Nazir SS (2010) Use of rigid nephroscope for laparoscopic common bile duct exploration-a single-center experience. World J Surg 34:784–790

256. 256.

     Khan MH, Howard TJ, Fogel EL, Sherman S, McHenry L, Watkins JL, Canal DF, Lehman GA (2007) Frequency of biliary complications after laparoscopic cholecystectomy detected by ERCP: experience at a large tertiary referral center. Gastrointest Endosc 65:247–252

257. 257.

     Khan MN, Nordon I, Ghauri AS, Ranaboldo C, Carty N (2009) Urgent cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis in a district general hospital—is it feasible? Ann R Coll Surg Engl 91:30–34

258. 258.

     Kholdebarin R, Boetto J, Harnish JL, Urbach DR (2008) Risk factors for bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a case–control study. Surg Innov 15:114–119

259. 259.

     Kim JH, Kim JW, Jeong IH, Choi TY, Yoo BM, Kim MW, Kim WH (2008) Surgical outcomes of laparoscopic cholecystectomy for severe acute cholecystitis. J Gastrointest Surg 12:829–835

260. 260.

     Kim JH, Kim WH, Yoo BM, Kim MW (2010) Management of patients who return to the hospital with a bile leak after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 20:317–322

261. 261.

     Kimura K, Ido K, Taniguchi Y, Kawamoto C, Satoh S, Isoda N, Ohtani M, Kumagai M, Horikawa S (1992) Prospective study of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in two hundred and fifty patients. Endoscopy 24:740–744

262. 262.

     Kimura T, Kimura K, Suzuki K, Sakai S, Ohtomo Y, Sakuramachi S, Yamashita Y, Ido K, Kitano S, Yazaki Y (1993) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: the Japanese experience. Surg Laparosc Endosc 3:194–198

263. 263.

     Kimura T, Suzuki K, Umehara Y, Kawabe A, Wada H (2005) Features and management of bile leaks after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 12:61–64

264. 264.

     Klima S, Schyra B (1999) [Results of routine intraoperative cholangiography]. Zentralbl Chir 124:1054–1058

265. 265.

     Knight JS, Mercer SJ, Somers SS, Walters AM, Sadek SA, Toh SK (2004) Timing of urgent laparoscopic cholecystectomy does not influence conversion rate. Br J Surg 91:601–604

266. 266.

     Knorr C, Kastl S, Hohenberger W (2006) [The “inspection jejunostomy” after complex reconstructions of the central bile ducts]. Rozhl Chir 85:624–630

267. 267.

     Ko ST, Airan MC (1991) Review of 300 consecutive laparoscopic cholecystectomies: development, evolution, and results. Surg Endosc 5:103–108

268. 268.

     Kocher M, Cerna M, Havlik R, Kral V, Gryga A, Duda M (2007) Percutaneous treatment of benign bile duct strictures. Eur J Radiol 62:170–174

269. 269.

     Koffron A, Ferrario M, Parsons W, Nemcek A, Saker M, Abecassis M (2001) Failed primary management of iatrogenic biliary injury: incidence and significance of concomitant hepatic arterial disruption. Surgery 130:722–728; discussion 728–731

270. 270.

     Kok KY, Mathew VV, Tan KK, Yapp SK (1998) A prospective review of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in Brunei. Surg Laparosc Endosc 8:120–122

271. 271.

     Konstadoulakis MM, Antonakis PT, Karatzikos G, Alexakis N, Leandros E (2004) Intraoperative findings and postoperative complications in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: the Greek experience with 5,539 patients in a single center. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 14:31–36

272. 272.

     Koo KP, Thirlby RC (1996) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in acute cholecystitis. What is the optimal timing for operation? Arch Surg 131:540–544; discussion 544–545

273. 273.

     Koperna T, Kisser M, Schulz F (1999) Laparoscopic versus open treatment of patients with acute cholecystitis. Hepatogastroenterology 46:753–757

274. 274.

     Korman J, Cosgrove J, Furman M, Nathan I, Cohen J (1996) The role of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and cholangiography in the laparoscopic era. Ann Surg 223:212–216

275. 275.

     Korner T, Brennenstuhl M, Kristahl H, Graf S (1998) [Endoscopic interventions of the biliary tract in postoperative complications after cholecystectomy for preventing relaparotomy]. Zentralbl Chir 123 Suppl 2:98–101

276. 276.

     Koulas SG, Tsimoyiannis J, Koutsourelakis I, Zikos N, Pappas-Gogos G, Siakas P, Tsimoyiannis EC (2006) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy performed by surgical trainees. JSLS 10:484–487

277. 277.

     Kozarek R, Gannan R, Baerg R, Wagonfeld J, Ball T (1992) Bile leak after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Diagnostic and therapeutic application of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Arch Intern Med 152:1040–1043

278. 278.

     Kozarek RA, Ball TJ, Patterson DJ, Brandabur JJ, Raltz S, Traverso LW (1994) Endoscopic treatment of biliary injury in the era of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Gastrointest Endosc 40:10–16

279. 279.

     Krahenbuhl L, Sclabas G, Wente MN, Schafer M, Schlumpf R, Buchler MW (2001) Incidence, risk factors, and prevention of biliary tract injuries during laparoscopic cholecystectomy in Switzerland. World J Surg 25:1325–1330

280. 280.

     Kruis W, Roehrig H, Hardt M, Pohl C, Schlosser D (1997) A prospective evaluation of the diagnostic work-up before laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Endoscopy 29:602–608

281. 281.

     Kulber DA, Berci G, Paz-Partlow M, Ashok G, Hiatt JR (1994) Value of early cholescintigraphy in detection of biliary complications after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Am Surg 60:190–193

282. 282.

     Kullman E, Borch K, Lindstrom E, Svanvik J, Anderberg B (1996) Value of routine intraoperative cholangiography in detecting aberrant bile ducts and bile duct injuries during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Br J Surg 83:171–175

283. 283.

     Kum CK, Eypasch E, Lefering R, Paul A, Neugebauer E, Troidl H (1996) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis: is it really safe? World J Surg 20:43–48; discussion 48–49

284. 284.

     Kumar A, Thombare MM, Sikora SS, Saxena R, Kapoor VK, Kaushik SP (1996) Morbidity and mortality of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in an institutional setup. J Laparoendosc Surg 6:393–397

285. 285.

     Kupferschmidt H, Havelka J, Schwery S, Bernardi M, Buhler H (1996) [Endoscopic therapy of bile leakage following laparoscopic cholecystectomy]. Schweiz Med Wochenschr Suppl 79:89S–93S

286. 286.

     Kurauchi N, Kamii N, Kazui K, Saji Y, Uchino J (1998) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a report on the community hospital experience in Hokkaido. Surg Today 28:714–718

287. 287.

     Kuroki T, Tajima Y, Tsuneoka N, Kitasato A, Adachi T, Mishima T, Kanematsu T (2007) Biliary navigation surgery using endoscopic nasobiliary drainage tube for the prevention of bile duct injury in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Hepatogastroenterology 54:1018–1019

288. 288.

     Kurose M, Hamazaki K, Takai K, Hayashi N, Kaneshige T, Yerdel MA, Sakagami K, Mimura H, Orita K (1992) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy report of 30 cases. Hiroshima J Med Sci 41:43–47

289. 289.

     Kurumi Y, Tani T, Hanasawa K, Kodama M (2000) The prevention of bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy from the point of view of anatomic variation. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 10:192–199

290. 290.

     Kuster GG, Gilroy S, Graefen M (1993) Intraoperative cholangiography for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Gynecol Obstet 176:411–417

291. 291.

     Kuster GG, Gilroy SB (1995) Intraoperative trans-gallbladder cholangiography intended to delineate bile duct anatomy. J Laparoendosc Surg 5:377–384

292. 292.

     Kuzela L, Oltman M, Sutka J, Hrcka R, Novotna T, Vavrecka A (2005) Prospective follow-up of patients with bile duct strictures secondary to laparoscopic cholecystectomy, treated endoscopically with multiple stents. Hepatogastroenterology 52:1357–1361

293. 293.

     Kwon AH, Inui H, Imamura A, Uetsuji S, Kamiyama Y (1998) Preoperative assessment for laparoscopic cholecystectomy: feasibility of using spiral computed tomography. Ann Surg 227:351–356

294. 294.

     Kwon AH, Matsui Y, Uemura Y (2004) Surgical procedures and histopathologic findings for patients with xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis. J Am Coll Surg 199:204–210

295. 295.

     Kwon AH, Uetsuji S, Ogura T, Kamiyama Y (1997) Spiral computed tomography scanning after intravenous infusion cholangiography for biliary duct anomalies. Am J Surg 174:396–401; discussion 401–392

296. 296.

     Ladocsi LT, Benitez LD, Filippone DR, Nance FC (1997) Intraoperative cholangiography in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a review of 734 consecutive cases. Am Surg 63:150–156

297. 297.

     Lai EC, Fok M, Chan AS (2003) Needlescopic cholecystectomy: prospective study of 150 patients. Hong Kong Med J 9:238–242

298. 298.

     Lal P, Agarwal PN, Malik VK, Chakravarti AL (2002) A difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy that requires conversion to open procedure can be predicted by preoperative ultrasonography. JSLS 6:59–63

299. 299.

     Larson GM, Vitale GC, Casey J, Evans JS, Gilliam G, Heuser L, McGee G, Rao M, Scherm MJ, Voyles CR (1992) Multipractice analysis of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in 1,983 patients. Am J Surg 163:221–226

300. 300.

     Lee KT, Shan YS, Wang ST, Lin PW (2005) Verres needle decompression of distended gallbladder to facilitate laparoscopic cholecystectomy in acute cholecystitis: a prospective study. Hepatogastroenterology 52:1388–1392

301. 301.

     Lee PC, Lai IR, Yu SC (2004) Minilaparoscopic (needlescopic) cholecystectomy: a study of 1,011 cases. Surg Endosc 18:1480–1484

302. 302.

     Lehmann KS, Ritz JP, Wibmer A, Gellert K, Zornig C, Burghardt J, Busing M, Runkel N, Kohlhaw K, Albrecht R, Kirchner TG, Arlt G, Mall JW, Butters M, Bulian DR, Bretschneider J, Holmer C, Buhr HJ (2010) The German registry for natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery: report of the first 551 patients. Ann Surg 252:263–270

303. 303.

     Leitman IM, Fisher ML, McKinley MJ, Rothman R, Ward RJ, Reiner DS, Tortolani AJ (1993) The evaluation and management of known or suspected stones of the common bile duct in the era of minimal access surgery. Surg Gynecol Obstet 176:527–533

304. 304.

     Lekawa M, Shapiro SJ, Gordon LA, Rothbart J, Hiatt JR (1995) The laparoscopic learning curve. Surg Laparosc Endosc 5:455–458

305. 305.

     Lepner U, Grunthal V (2005) Intraoperative cholangiography can be safely omitted during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a prospective study of 413 consecutive patients. Scand J Surg 94:197–200

306. 306.

     Leung KL, Kwong KH, Lau WY, Chung SC, Li AK (1996) Absorbable clips for cystic duct ligation in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc 10:49–51

307. 307.

     Lezoche E, Paganini AM (2000) Technical considerations and laparoscopic bile duct exploration: transcystic and choledochotomy. Semin Laparosc Surg 7:262–278

308. 308.

     Li J, Frilling A, Nadalin S, Paul A, Malago M, Broelsch CE (2008) Management of concomitant hepatic artery injury in patients with iatrogenic major bile duct injury after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Br J Surg 95:460–465

309. 309.

     Li LB, Cai XJ, Mou YP, Wei Q, Wang XF (2005) Factors influencing the results of treatment of bile duct injuries during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 4:113–116

310. 310.

     Lichten JB, Reid JJ, Zahalsky MP, Friedman RL (2001) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the new millennium. Surg Endosc 15:867–872

311. 311.

     Lichtenstein S, Moorman DW, Malatesta JQ, Martin MF (2000) The role of hepatic resection in the management of bile duct injuries following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Am Surg 66:372–376; discussion 377

312. 312.

     Lien HH, Huang CS, Shi MY, Chen DF, Wang NY, Tai FC, Chen SH, Lai CY (2004) Management of bile leakage after laparoscopic cholecystectomy based on etiological classification. Surg Today 34:326–330

313. 313.

     Lillemoe KD, Martin SA, Cameron JL, Yeo CJ, Talamini MA, Kaushal S, Coleman J, Venbrux AC, Savader SJ, Osterman FA, Pitt HA (1997) Major bile duct injuries during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Follow-up after combined surgical and radiologic management. Ann Surg 225:459–468; discussion 468–471

314. 314.

     Lim CC, Law NM, Cheng J, Ng HS (1994) Role of ERCP in the management of bile duct lesions post bile duct surgery. Singapore Med J 35:571–574

315. 315.

     Lim KR, Ibrahim S, Tan NC, Lim SH, Tay KH (2007) Risk factors for conversion to open surgery in patients with acute cholecystitis undergoing interval laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Ann Acad Med Singapore 36:631–635

316. 316.

     Lim SH, Salleh I, Poh BK, Tay KH (2005) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: an audit of our training programme. ANZ J Surg 75:231–233

317. 317.

     Lirici MM, Califano A (2010) Management of complicated gallstones: results of an alternative approach to difficult cholecystectomies. Minim Invasive Ther Allied Technol 19:304–315

318. 318.

     Litwin DE, Girotti MJ, Poulin EC, Mamazza J, Nagy AG (1992) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: trans-Canada experience with 2201 cases. Can J Surg 35:291–296

319. 319.

     Liu CL, Lo CM, Fan ST (1997) Acute biliary pancreatitis: diagnosis and management. World J Surg 21:149–154

320. 320.

     Liyanage CA, Sadakari Y, Kitada H, Ienaga J, Tanabe R, Takahata S, Nabae T, Tanaka M (2009) Prevention of iatrogenic bile duct injuries in difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomies: is the naso-biliary drain the answer? J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 16:458–462

321. 321.

     Lo CM, Lai EC, Fan ST, Liu CL, Wong J (1996) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis in the elderly. World J Surg 20:983–986; discussion 987

322. 322.

     Lorimer JW, Fairfull-Smith RJ (1995) Intraoperative cholangiography is not essential to avoid duct injuries during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Am J Surg 169:344–347

323. 323.

     Lotz GW, Stahlschmidt M, Moergel K (1993) [Obligatory intraoperative cholangiography in laparoscopic cholecystectomy]. Chirurg 64:412–415

324. 324.

     Low JK, Barrow P, Owera A, Ammori BJ (2007) Timing of laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis: evidence to support a proposal for an early interval surgery. Am Surg 73:1188–1192

325. 325.

     Lubikowski J, Post M, Bialek A, Kordowski J, Milkiewicz P, Wojcicki M (2011) Surgical management and outcome of bile duct injuries following cholecystectomy: a single-center experience. Langenbecks Arch Surg 396:699–707

326. 326.

     Ludwig K, Bernhardt J, Lorenz D (2002) Value and consequences of routine intraoperative cholangiography during cholecystectomy. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 12:154–159

327. 327.

     Lujan JA, Parrilla P, Robles R, Torralba JA, Garcia Ayllon J, Liron R, Sanchez-Bueno F (1995) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the treatment of acute cholecystitis. J Am Coll Surg 181:75–77

328. 328.

     Luo D, Chen XR, Li SH, Mao JX, Yu SM (2002) Non-image diagnosis of bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 1:106–110

329. 329.

     MacFadyen BV Jr, Vecchio R, Ricardo AE, Mathis CR (1998) Bile duct injury after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The United States experience. Surg Endosc 12:315–321

330. 330.

     Machi J, Johnson JO, Deziel DJ, Soper NJ, Berber E, Siperstein A, Hata M, Patel A, Singh K, Arregui ME (2009) The routine use of laparoscopic ultrasound decreases bile duct injury: a multicenter study. Surg Endosc 23:384–388

331. 331.

     Machi J, Oishi AJ, Tajiri T, Murayama KM, Furumoto NL, Oishi RH (2007) Routine laparoscopic ultrasound can significantly reduce the need for selective intraoperative cholangiography during cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc 21:270–274

332. 332.

     Madanur MA, Battula N, Sethi H, Deshpande R, Heaton N, Rela M (2007) Pseudoaneurysm following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 6:294–298

333. 333.

     Madariaga JR, Dodson SF, Selby R, Todo S, Iwatsuki S, Starzl TE (1994) Corrective treatment and anatomic considerations for laparoscopic cholecystectomy injuries. J Am Coll Surg 179:321–325

334. 334.

     Madhavan KK, Macintyre IM, Wilson RG, Saunders JH, Nixon SJ, Hamer-Hodges DW (1995) Role of intraoperative cholangiography in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Br J Surg 82:249–252

335. 335.

     Magnanini F, Peralta C, Pardo R, Curras A, Zalar A, Olmos M (1994) Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: before and after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Acta Gastroenterol Latinoam 24:213–217

336. 336.

     Magnuson TH, Ratner LE, Zenilman ME, Bender JS (1997) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: applicability in the geriatric population. Am Surg 63:91–96

337. 337.

     Mahatharadol V (2004) Bile duct injuries during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: an audit of 1522 cases. Hepatogastroenterology 51:12–14

338. 338.

     Malik AM, Laghari AA, Talpur AH, Khan A (2008) Iatrogenic biliary injuries during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. A continuing threat. Int J Surg 6:392–395

339. 339.

     Manoukian AV, Schmalz MJ, Geenen JE, Hogan WJ, Venu RP, Johnson GK (1993) Endoscopic treatment of problems encountered after laparoscopic cholecystectomy [corrected]. Gastrointest Endosc 39:9–14

340. 340.

     Manouras A, Pararas N, Antonakis P, Lagoudiannakis EE, Papageorgiou G, Dalianoudis IG, Konstadoulakis MM (2009) Management of major bile duct injury after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a case report. J Med Case Reports 3:44

341. 341.

     Marakis GN, Pavlidis TE, Ballas K, Aimoniotou E, Psarras K, Karvounaris D, Rafailidis S, Demertzidis H, Sakantamis AK (2007) Major complications during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Int Surg 92:142–146

342. 342.

     Marti W, Herzog U, Kocher T, Schuppisser JP, Ackermann C, Tondelli P (1994) [Cholecystectomy today. A prospective study]. Schweiz Med Wochenschr 124:763–767

343. 343.

     Martin IG, Holdsworth PJ, Asker J, Baltas B, Glinatsis MT, Sue-Ling H, Gibson J, Johnston D, McMahon MJ (1992) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy as a routine procedure for gallstones: results of an ‘all-comers’ policy. Br J Surg 79:807–810

344. 344.

     Martin MB, Earle KR (2010) Does a surgeon as first assistant reduce the incidence of common bile duct injuries during laparoscopic cholecystectomy? Am Surg 76:287–291

345. 345.

     Mathisen O, Soreide O, Bergan A (2002) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: bile duct and vascular injuries: management and outcome. Scand J Gastroenterol 37:476–481

346. 346.

     Matthews BD, Williams GB (1999) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in an academic hospital: evaluation of changes in perioperative outcomes. JSLS 3:9–17

347. 347.

     Mazer LM, Tapper EB, Sarmiento JM (2011) Non-operative management of right posterior sectoral duct injury following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. J Gastrointest Surg 15:1237–1242

348. 348.

     McGee JM, Malnar KF, Bellefeuille CE, Berry BL, Katsis SB, Clingan FA (1997) Longitudinal cholecystectomy study: patterns of care in a total community experience. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 7:99–109

349. 349.

     McLindon JP, England RE, Martin DF (1998) Causes, clinical features and non-operative management of bile leaks. Eur Radiol 8:1602–1607

350. 350.

     Melton GB, Lillemoe KD, Cameron JL, Sauter PA, Coleman J, Yeo CJ (2002) Major bile duct injuries associated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy: effect of surgical repair on quality of life. Ann Surg 235:888–895

351. 351.

     Mercado MA, Chan C, Salgado-Nesme N, Lopez-Rosales F (2008) Intrahepatic repair of bile duct injuries. A comparative study. J Gastrointest Surg 12:364–368

352. 352.

     Merrie AE, Booth MW, Shah A, Pettigrew RA, McCall JL (1997) Bile duct imaging and injury: a regional audit of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Aust N Z J Surg 67:706–711

353. 353.

     Meshikhes AW, al-Dhurais S, Bhatia D, al-Khatir N (1995) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: the Dammam Central Hospital experience. Int Surg 80:102–104

354. 354.

     Messmer P, Rothenbuhler JM, Vogelbach P, Harder F (1996) [laparoscopic cholecystectomy and acute cholecystitis-feasibility and morbidity]. Swiss Surg:127–130

355. 355.

     Metzger J, Berbig R, Muller C (1993) [Preoperative ERCP and laparoscopic cholecystectomy for treatment of choledocholithiasis]. Helv Chir Acta 59:643–648

356. 356.

     Millat B, Deleuze A, de Saxce B, de Seguin C, Fingerhut A (1997) Routine intraoperative cholangiography is feasible and efficient during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Hepatogastroenterology 44:22–27

357. 357.

     Miller RE, Kimmelstiel FM (1992) Surgical laparoscopic experience during the first year on a teaching service. Surg Gynecol Obstet 175:523–527

358. 358.

     Mir IS, Mohsin M, Kirmani O, Majid T, Wani K, Hassan MU, Naqshbandi J, Maqbool M (2007) Is intra-operative cholangiography necessary during laparoscopic cholecystectomy? A multicentre rural experience from a developing world country. World J Gastroenterol 13:4493–4497

359. 359.

     Miroshnik M, Saafan A, Koh S, Farlow J, Neophyton J, Lizzio J, Yee F, Ethell T, Bean A, Fenton-Lee D (2002) Biliary tract injury in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: results of a single unit. ANZ J Surg 72:867–870

360. 360.

     Mirza DF, Narsimhan KL, Ferraz Neto BH, Mayer AD, McMaster P, Buckels JA (1997) Bile duct injury following laparoscopic cholecystectomy: referral pattern and management. Br J Surg 84:786–790

361. 361.

     Misawa T, Saito R, Shiba H, Son K, Futagawa Y, Nojiri T, Kitajima K, Uwagawa T, Ishida Y, Ishii Y, Yanaga K (2006) Analysis of bile duct injuries (Stewart-Way classification) during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 13:427–434

362. 362.

     Misra M, Schiff J, Rendon G, Rothschild J, Schwaitzberg S (2005) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy after the learning curve: what should we expect? Surg Endosc 19:1266–1271

363. 363.

     Misra S, Melton GB, Geschwind JF, Venbrux AC, Cameron JL, Lillemoe KD (2004) Percutaneous management of bile duct strictures and injuries associated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a decade of experience. J Am Coll Surg 198:218–226

364. 364.

     Mo LR, Yau MP, Hwang MH, Lin RC, Kuo JY, Tsai CC (1993) The role of ERCP and therapeutic biliary endoscopy in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. J Laparoendosc Surg 3:19–22

365. 365.

     Moore DE, Feurer ID, Holzman MD, Wudel LJ, Strickland C, Gorden DL, Chari R, Wright JK, Pinson CW (2004) Long-term detrimental effect of bile duct injury on health-related quality of life. Arch Surg 139:476–481; discussion 481–472

366. 366.

     Moore MJ, Bennett CL (1995) The learning curve for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The Southern Surgeons Club. Am J Surg 170:55–59

367. 367.

     Moran J, Del Grosso E, Wills JS, Hagy JA, Baker R (1994) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: imaging of complications and normal postoperative CT appearance. Abdom Imaging 19:143–146

368. 368.

     Morgenstern L, McGrath MF, Carroll BJ, Paz-Partlow M, Berci G (1995) Continuing hazards of the learning curve in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Am Surg 61:914–918

369. 369.

     Morlang T, Umscheid T, Stelter WJ (1995) [Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a prospective study of 1,775 unselected patients]. Zentralbl Chir 120:353–359

370. 370.

     Morris JB, Margolis R, Rosato EF (1993) Safe laparoscopic cholecystectomy without intraoperative cholangiography. Surg Laparosc Endosc 3:17–20

371. 371.

     Mucio M, Felemovicius J, De la Concha F, Cabello R, Zamora A (1994) The Mexican experience with laparoscopic cholecystectomy and common bile duct exploration. A multicentric trial. Surg Endosc 8:306–309

372. 372.

     Mufti TS, Ahmad S, Naveed D, Akbar M, Zafar A (2007) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: an early experience at Ayub Teaching Hospital Abbottabad. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 19:42–44

373. 373.

     Nader M, D’Agostino HB, Vea R, Ariza Mde G, Zibari G, Manas K, Jordan P, Shi R (2009) Biliary spills and collections: causes, diagnosis, and multidisciplinary management. J La State Med Soc 161:46–52; quiz 53–44

374. 374.

     Nair RG, Dunn DC, Fowler S, McCloy RF (1997) Progress with cholecystectomy: improving results in England and Wales. Br J Surg 84:1396–1398

375. 375.

     Nakajima J, Sasaki A, Obuchi T, Baba S, Nitta H, Wakabayashi G (2009) Laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy for severe cholecystitis. Surg Today 39:870–875

376. 376.

     Navez B, Mutter D, Russier Y, Vix M, Jamali F, Lipski D, Cambier E, Guiot P, Leroy J, Marescaux J (2001) Safety of laparoscopic approach for acute cholecystitis: retrospective study of 609 cases. World J Surg 25:1352–1356

377. 377.

     Nealon WH, Urrutia F (1996) Long-term follow-up after bilioenteric anastomosis for benign bile duct stricture. Ann Surg 223:639–645; discussion 645–638

378. 378.

     Neidich R, Soper N, Edmundowicz S, Chokshi H, Aliperti G (1996) Endoscopic management of bile duct leaks after attempted laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Laparosc Endosc 6:348–354

379. 379.

     Nenner RP, Imperato PJ, Alcorn CM (1992) Serious complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in New York State. N Y State J Med 92:179–181

380. 380.

     Neri V, Ambrosi A, Di Lauro G, Fersini A, Valentino TP (2003) Difficult cholecystectomies: validity of the laparoscopic approach. JSLS 7:329–333

381. 381.

     Neuhaus P, Schmidt SC, Hintze RE, Adler A, Veltzke W, Raakow R, Langrehr JM, Bechstein WO (2000) [Classification and treatment of bile duct injuries after laparoscopic cholecystectomy]. Chirurg 71:166–173

382. 382.

     Newman CL, Wilson RA, Newman L, 3rd, Eubanks S, Duncan TD, Mason EM, Wilson JP, Lucas GW (1995) 1525 laparoscopic cholecystectomies without biliary injury: a single institution’s experience. Am Surg 61:226–228

383. 383.

     Nordin A, Halme L, Makisalo H, Isoniemi H, Hockerstedt K (2002) Management and outcome of major bile duct injuries after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: from therapeutic endoscopy to liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 8:1036–1043

384. 384.

     Nuzzo G, Giuliante F, Giovannini I, Ardito F, D’Acapito F, Vellone M, Murazio M, Capelli G (2005) Bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: results of an Italian national survey on 56 591 cholecystectomies. Arch Surg 140:986–992

385. 385.

     Nuzzo G, Giuliante F, Giovannini I, Murazio M, D’Acapito F, Ardito F, Vellone M, Gauzolino R, Costamagna G, Di Stasi C (2008) Advantages of multidisciplinary management of bile duct injuries occurring during cholecystectomy. Am J Surg 195:763–769

386. 386.

     Olsen D (1997) Bile duct injuries during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc 11:133–138

387. 387.

     Onders RP, Hallowell PT (2005) The era of ultrasonography during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Am J Surg 189:348–351

388. 388.

     Ooi LL, Goh YC, Chew SP, Tay KH, Foo E, Low CH, Ch’ng HC, Chan ST, Soo KC (1999) Bile duct injuries during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a collective experience of four teaching hospitals and results of repair. Aust N Z J Surg 69:844–846

389. 389.

     Orlando R, 3rd, Russell JC, Lynch J, Mattie A (1993) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy. A statewide experience. The Connecticut Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Registry. Arch Surg 128:494–498; discussion 498–499

390. 390.

     O’Rourke NA, Askew AR, Cowen AE, Roberts R, Fielding GA (1993) The role of ERCP and endoscopic sphincterotomy in the era of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Aust N Z J Surg 63:3–7

391. 391.

     Ou ZB, Li SW, Liu CA, Tu B, Wu CX, Ding X, Liu ZJ, Sun K, Feng HY, Gong JP (2009) Prevention of common bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 8:414–417

392. 392.

     Ovaska J, Airo I, Haglund C, Kivilaakso E, Kiviluoto T, Palm J, Paakkonen M, Ristkari S, Smitten KV (1996) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: the Finnish experience. Ann Chir Gynaecol 85:208–211

393. 393.

     Ozturk E, Can MF, Yagci G, Ersoz N, Ozerhan IH, Harlak A, Sahin M, Cetiner S, Tufan T (2009) Management and mid- to long-term results of early referred bile duct injuries during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Hepatogastroenterology 56:17–25

394. 394.

     Paczynski A, Koziarski T, Stanowski E, Krupa J (2002) Extrahepatic bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy – own material. Med Sci Monit 8:CR438–440

395. 395.

     Paganini AM, Feliciotti F, Guerrieri M, Tamburini A, Campagnacci R, Lezoche E (2002) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy and common bile duct exploration are safe for older patients. Surg Endosc 16:1302–1308

396. 396.

     Paganini AM, Guerrieri M, Sarnari J, De Sanctis A, D’Ambrosio G, Lezoche G, Perretta S, Lezoche E (2007) Thirteen years’ experience with laparoscopic transcystic common bile duct exploration for stones. Effectiveness and long-term results. Surg Endosc 21:34–40

397. 397.

     Panpimanmas S, Kanyaprasit K (2004) Complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy and their management. Hepatogastroenterology 51:9–11

398. 398.

     Park MS, Kim KW, Yu JS, Kim MJ, Lim JS, Cho ES, Yoon DS, Kim TK, Lee SI, Lee JD, Lee WJ, Ha HK, Lee JT, Yoo HS (2004) Early biliary complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy: evaluation on T2-weighted MR cholangiography in conjunction with mangafodipir trisodium-enhanced 3D T1-weighted MR cholangiography. AJR Am J Roentgenol 183:1559–1566

399. 399.

     Pasmans HL, Go PM, Gouma DJ, Heidendal GA, van Engelshoven JM, van Kroonenburgh MJ (1992) Scintigraphic diagnosis of bile leakage after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. A prospective study. Clin Nucl Med 17:697–700

400. 400.

     Patel AG, Murgatroyd B, Carswell K, Belgaumkar A (2011) Fundus-first transumbilical single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy with a cholangiogram: a feasibility study. Surg Endosc 25:954–957

401. 401.

     Patterson EJ, McLoughlin RF, Mathieson JR, Cooperberg PL, MacFarlane JK (1996) An alternative approach to acute cholecystitis. Percutaneous cholecystostomy and interval laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc 10:1185–1188

402. 402.

     Pavlidis TE, Marakis GN, Ballas K, Symeonidis N, Psarras K, Rafailidis S, Karvounaris D, Sakantamis AK (2007) Risk factors influencing conversion of laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 17:414–418

403. 403.

     Pavlidis TE, Marakis GN, Symeonidis N, Psarras K, Ballas K, Rafailidis S, Sakantamis AK (2008) Considerations concerning laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the extremely elderly. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 18:56–60

404. 404.

     Pencev D, Brady PG, Pinkas H, Boulay J (1994) The role of ERCP in patients after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Am J Gastroenterol 89:1523–1527

405. 405.

     Peng WK, Sheikh Z, Nixon SJ, Paterson-Brown S (2005) Role of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the early management of acute gallbladder disease. Br J Surg 92:586–591

406. 406.

     Perera MT, Monaco A, Silva MA, Bramhall SR, Mayer AD, Buckels JA, Mirza DF (2011) Laparoscopic posterior sectoral bile duct injury: the emerging role of nonoperative management with improved long-term results after delayed diagnosis. Surg Endosc

407. 407.

     Perera MT, Silva MA, Hegab B, Muralidharan V, Bramhall SR, Mayer AD, Buckels JA, Mirza DF (2011) Specialist early and immediate repair of post-laparoscopic cholecystectomy bile duct injuries is associated with an improved long-term outcome. Ann Surg 253:553–560

408. 408.

     Perez Lara FJ, de Luna Diaz R, Moreno Ruiz J, Suescun Garcia R, del Rey Moreno A, Hernandez Carmona J, Oliva Munoz H (2006) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients over 70 years of age: review of 176 cases. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 98:42–48

409. 409.

     Perini RF, Uflacker R, Cunningham JT, Selby JB, Adams D (2005) Isolated right segmental hepatic duct injury following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 28:185–195

410. 410.

     Perissat J, Collet D, Edye M, Magne E, Belliard R, Desplantez J (1992) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: an analysis of 777 cases. Baillieres Clin Gastroenterol 6:727–742

411. 411.

     Peterli R, Herzog U, Schuppisser JP, Ackermann C, Tondelli P (2000) The learning curve of laparoscopic cholecystectomy and changes in indications: one institutions’s experience with 2,650 cholecystectomies. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 10:13–19

412. 412.

     Peters JH, Ellison EC, Innes JT, Liss JL, Nichols KE, Lomano JM, Roby SR, Front ME, Carey LC (1991) Safety and efficacy of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. A prospective analysis of 100 initial patients. Ann Surg 213:3–12

413. 413.

     Peters JH, Gibbons GD, Innes JT, Nichols KE, Front ME, Roby SR, Ellison EC (1991) Complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surgery 110:769–777; discussion 777–768

414. 414.

     Peters JH, Krailadsiri W, Incarbone R, Bremner CG, Froes E, Ireland AP, Crookes P, Ortega AE, Anthone GA, Stain SA (1994) Reasons for conversion from laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy in an urban teaching hospital. Am J Surg 168:555–558; discussion 558–559

415. 415.

     Peters JH, Ollila D, Nichols KE, Gibbons GD, Davanzo MA, Miller J, Front ME, Innes JT, Ellison EC (1994) Diagnosis and management of bile leaks following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Laparosc Endosc 4:163–170

416. 416.

     Pfluke JM, Bowers SP (2011) Laparoscopic Intraoperative Biliary Ultrasonography: Findings During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy for Acute Disease. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A

417. 417.

     Philipp SR, Miedema BW, Thaler K (2009) Single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy using conventional instruments: early experience in comparison with the gold standard. J Am Coll Surg 209:632–637

418. 418.

     Philips JA, Lawes DA, Cook AJ, Arulampalam TH, Zaborsky A, Menzies D, Motson RW (2008) The use of laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy for complicated cholelithiasis. Surg Endosc 22:1697–1700

419. 419.

     Pier A, Thevissen P, Ablassmaier B (1991) [Technique in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Experiences and results in 200 interventions]. Chirurg 62:323–331

420. 420.

     Pietra N, Sarli L, Maccarini PU, Sabadini G, Costi R, Gobbi S (2000) Five-year prospective audit of routine intravenous cholangiography and selective endoscopic retrograde cholangiography with or without intraoperative cholangiography in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. World J Surg 24:345–352

421. 421.

     Pietrabissa A, Di Candio G, Giulianotti PC, Shimi SM, Cuschieri A, Mosca F (1995) Comparative evaluation of contact ultrasonography and transcystic cholangiography during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a prospective study. Arch Surg 130:1110–1114

422. 422.

     Pietrafitta JJ, Schultz LS, Graber JN, Josephs LG, Hickok DF (1991) Cholecystcholangiography during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: cholecystcholangiography or cystic duct cholangiography. J Laparoendosc Surg 1:197–206

423. 423.

     Pinkas H, Brady PG (2008) Biliary leaks after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: time to stent or time to drain. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 7:628–632

424. 424.

     Pisanu A, Altana ML, Piu S, Uccheddu A (2003) Bile leak from the accessory biliary duct following laparascopic cholecystectomy. G Chir 24:115–118

425. 425.

     Plummer JM, Duncan ND, Mitchell DI, McDonald AH, Reid M, Arthurs M (2006) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for chronic cholecystitis in Jamaican patients with sickle cell disease: preliminary experience. West Indian Med J 55:22–24

426. 426.

     Plummer JM, Mitchell DI, Duncan ND, McDonald AH, Arthurs M (2006) Bile duct injuries in the laparoscopic era: the University Hospital of the West Indies experience. West Indian Med J 55:228–231

427. 427.

     Poole G, Waldron B, Shimi SM, Cuschieri A (1997) Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration after failed endoscopic stone extraction. Endoscopy 29:609–613

428. 428.

     Poole GH, Yellapu S (2000) Acute laparoscopic cholecystectomy. A case controlled study. Surg Endosc 14:106–109

429. 429.

     Porte RJ, De Vries BC (1996) Laparoscopic versus open cholecystectomy: a prospective matched-cohort study. HPB Surg 9:71–75

430. 430.

     Power C, Maguire D, McAnena OJ, Calleary J (2000) Use of the ultrasonic dissecting scalpel in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc 14:1070–1073

431. 431.

     Prakash K, Jacob G, Lekha V, Venugopal A, Venugopal B, Ramesh H (2002) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in acute cholecystitis. Surg Endosc 16:180–183

432. 432.

     Prat F, Pelletier G, Ponchon T, Fritsch J, Meduri B, Boyer J, Person B, Bretagne JF (1997) What role can endoscopy play in the management of biliary complications after laparoscopic cholecystectomy? Endoscopy 29:341–348

433. 433.

     Priego P, Ramiro C, Molina JM, Rodriguez Velasco G, Lobo E, Galindo J, Fresneda V (2009) Results of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a third-level university hospital after 17 years of experience. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 101:20–30

434. 434.

     Quinn SF, Sangster W, Standage B, Schuman E, Gross G (1992) Biliary complications related to laparoscopic cholecystectomies: radiologic diagnosis and management. Surg Laparosc Endosc 2:279–286

435. 435.

     Raakow R, Schmidt S, Knoop M, Neuhaus P (1998) [Surgical interventional endoscopic treatment concept of bile duct lesions after laparoscopic cholecystectomy]. Langenbecks Arch Chir Suppl Kongressbd 115:1541–1543

436. 436.

     Ragozzino A, De Ritis R, Mosca A, Iaccarino V, Imbriaco M (2004) Value of MR cholangiography in patients with iatrogenic bile duct injury after cholecystectomy. AJR Am J Roentgenol 183:1567–1572

437. 437.

     Raijman I, Catalano MF, Hirsch GS, MacFadyen B, Broughan TA, Chung RS, Sivak MV, Jr. (1994) Endoscopic treatment of biliary leakage after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Endoscopy 26:741–744

438. 438.

     Raj PK, Castillo G, Urban L (2001) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: fundus-down approach. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 11:95–100

439. 439.

     Rakos G, Markus B, Szell K (1997) Cholecystectomy through a mini laparotomy alongside laparoscopic technique. Acta Chir Hung 36:286–288

440. 440.

     Rantis PC Jr, Greenlee HB, Pickleman J, Prinz RA (1993) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy bile duct injuries: more than meets the eye. Am Surg 59:533–540

441. 441.

     Raute M, Podlech P, Jaschke W, Manegold BC, Trede M, Chir B (1993) Management of bile duct injuries and strictures following cholecystectomy. World J Surg 17:553–562

442. 442.

     Reardon PR, Kamelgard JI, Applebaum B, Rossman L, Brunicardi FC (1999) Feasibility of laparoscopic cholecystectomy with miniaturized instrumentation in 50 consecutive cases. World J Surg 23:128–131; discussion 131–122

443. 443.

     Rees BI, Williams HR (1992) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: the first 155 patients. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 74:233–236

444. 444.

     Ress AM, Sarr MG, Nagorney DM, Farnell MB, Donohue JH, McIlrath DC (1993) Spectrum and management of major complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Am J Surg 165:655–662

445. 445.

     Rice DC, Memon MA, Jamison RL, Agnessi T, Ilstrup D, Bannon MB, Farnell MB, Grant CS, Sarr MG, Thompson GB, van Heerden JA, Zietlow SP, Donohue JH (1997) Long-term consequences of intraoperative spillage of bile and gallstones during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. J Gastrointest Surg 1:85–90; discussion 90–81

446. 446.

     Richardson AJ, Brancatisano R, Avramovic J, Roney W, Little JM (1993) Injuries to the bile duct resulting from laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Aust N Z J Surg 63:684–689

447. 447.

     Richardson MC, Bell G, Fullarton GM (1996) Incidence and nature of bile duct injuries following laparoscopic cholecystectomy: an audit of 5913 cases. West of Scotland Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Audit Group. Br J Surg 83:1356–1360

448. 448.

     Riciardi R, Islam S, Canete JJ, Arcand PL, Stoker ME (2003) Effectiveness and long-term results of laparoscopic common bile duct exploration. Surg Endosc 17:19–22

449. 449.

     Robinson BL, Donohue JH, Gunes S, Thompson GB, Grant CS, Sarr MG, Farnell MB, van Heerden JA (1995) Selective operative cholangiography. Appropriate management for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Arch Surg 130:625–630; discussion 630–621

450. 450.

     Robinson TN, Stiegmann GV, Durham JD, Johnson SI, Wachs ME, Serra AD, Kumpe DA (2001) Management of major bile duct injury associated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc 15:1381–1385

451. 451.

     Rojas-Ortega S, Arizpe-Bravo D, Marin Lopez ER, Cesin-Sanchez R, Roman GR, Gomez C (2003) Transcystic common bile duct exploration in the management of patients with choledocholithiasis. J Gastrointest Surg 7:492–496

452. 452.

     Rossi M, Salvatori FM, Giglio L, Fanelli F, Cantisani V, Rossi P, David V (2002) Interventional radiology techniques in the treatment of complications due to videolaparoscopic cholecystectomy. Radiol Med 103:384–395

453. 453.

     Rossi RL, Schirmer WJ, Braasch JW, Sanders LB, Munson JL (1992) Laparoscopic bile duct injuries. Risk factors, recognition, and repair. Arch Surg 127:596–601; discussion 601–592

454. 454.

     Roviaro GC, Maciocco M, Rebuffat C, Varoli F, Vergani V, Rabughino G, Scarduelli A (1997) Complications following cholecystectomy. J R Coll Surg Edinb 42:324–328

455. 455.

     Roy AF, Passi RB, Lapointe RW, McAlister VC, Dagenais MH, Wall WJ (1993) Bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Can J Surg 36:509–516

456. 456.

     Rubio PA (1993) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: experience in 500 consecutive cases. Int Surg 78:277–279

457. 457.

     Russell JC, Walsh SJ, Mattie AS, Lynch JT (1996) Bile duct injuries, 1989–1993. A statewide experience. Connecticut Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Registry. Arch Surg 131:382–388

458. 458.

     Ryan ME, Geenen JE, Lehman GA, Aliperti G, Freeman ML, Silverman WB, Mayeux GP, Frakes JT, Parker HW, Yakshe PN, Goff JS (1998) Endoscopic intervention for biliary leaks after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a multicenter review. Gastrointest Endosc 47:261–266

459. 459.

     Ryan SM, Milsom P, Yang J, Snyman G (2009) Travelling surgeons—a clinical audit of laparoscopic cholecystectomy procedures in Northland, New Zealand. N Z Med J 122:34–40

460. 460.

     Sackier JM, Berci G, Phillips E, Carroll B, Shapiro S, Paz-Partlow M (1991) The role of cholangiography in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Arch Surg 126:1021–1025; discussion 1025–1026

461. 461.

     Sahajpal AK, Chow SC, Dixon E, Greig PD, Gallinger S, Wei AC (2010) Bile duct injuries associated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy: timing of repair and long-term outcomes. Arch Surg 145:757–763

462. 462.

     Salky B, Bauer J (1994) Intravenous cholangiography, ERCP, and selective operative cholangiography in the performance of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc 8:289–291

463. 463.

     Samardzic J, Latic F, Kraljik D, Pitlovic V, Mrkovic H, Miskic D, Latic A, Delibegovic S (2010) Treatment of common bile duct stones—is the role of ERCP changed in era of minimally invasive surgery? Med Arh 64:187–188

464. 464.

     Sanabria JR, Gallinger S, Croxford R, Strasberg SM (1994) Risk factors in elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy for conversion to open cholecystectomy. J Am Coll Surg 179:696–704

465. 465.

     Sanchez A, Rodriguez O, Bellorin O, Sanchez R, Benitez G (2010) Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration in patients with gallstones and choledocholithiasis. JSLS 14:246–250

466. 466.

     Sandha GS, Bourke MJ, Haber GB, Kortan PP (2004) Endoscopic therapy for bile leak based on a new classification: results in 207 patients. Gastrointest Endosc 60:567–574

467. 467.

     Sandoval BA, Goettler CE, Robinson AV, O’Donnell JK, Adler LP, Stellato TA (1997) Cholescintigraphy in the diagnosis of bile leak after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Am Surg 63:611–616

468. 468.

     Sanjay P, Fulke JL, Exon DJ (2010) ‘Critical view of safety’ as an alternative to routine intraoperative cholangiography during laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute biliary pathology. J Gastrointest Surg 14:1280–1284

469. 469.

     Santambrogio R, Bianchi P, Opocher E, Mantovani A, Schubert L, Ghelma F, Panzera M, Verga M, Spina GP (1996) Intraoperative ultrasonography (IOUS) during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc 10:622–627

470. 470.

     Saraswat VA, Choudhuri G, Sharma BC, Agarwal DK, Gupta R, Baijal SS, Sikora SS, Saxena R, Kapoor VK (1996) Endoscopic management of postoperative bile leak. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 11:148–151

471. 471.

     Sari YS, Tunali V, Tomaoglu K, Karagoz B, Guneyi A, Karagoz I (2005) Can bile duct injuries be prevented? “A new technique in laparoscopic cholecystectomy”. BMC Surg 5:14

472. 472.

     Sarli L, Iusco D, Sgobba G, Roncoroni L (2002) Gallstone cholangitis: a 10-year experience of combined endoscopic and laparoscopic treatment. Surg Endosc 16:975–980

473. 473.

     Sarli L, Iusco DR, Roncoroni L (2003) Preoperative endoscopic sphincterotomy and laparoscopic cholecystectomy for the management of cholecystocholedocholithiasis: 10-year experience. World J Surg 27:180–186

474. 474.

     Sarli L, Pietra N, Costi R, Grattarola M (1999) Gallbladder perforation during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. World J Surg 23:1186–1190

475. 475.

     Sarli L, Pietra N, Franze A, Colla G, Costi R, Gobbi S, Trivelli M (1999) Routine intravenous cholangiography, selective ERCP, and endoscopic treatment of bile duct stones before laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Gastrointest Endosc 50:200–208

476. 476.

     Sarmiento JM, Farnell MB, Nagorney DM, Hodge DO, Harrington JR (2004) Quality-of-life assessment of surgical reconstruction after laparoscopic cholecystectomy-induced bile duct injuries: what happens at 5 years and beyond? Arch Surg 139:483–488; discussion 488–489

477. 477.

     Sasaki A, Nakajima J, Nitta H, Obuchi T, Baba S, Wakabayashi G (2008) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with a history of gastrectomy. Surg Today 38:790–794

478. 478.

     Savar A, Carmody I, Hiatt JR, Busuttil RW (2004) Laparoscopic bile duct injuries: management at a tertiary liver center. Am Surg 70:906–909

479. 479.

     Savassi-Rocha PR, Almeida SR, Sanches MD, Andrade MA, Frerreira JT, Diniz MT, Rocha AL (2003) Iatrogenic bile duct injuries. Surg Endosc 17:1356–1361

480. 480.

     Savassi-Rocha PR, Ferreira JT, Diniz MT, Sanches SR (1997) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in Brazil: analysis of 33,563 cases. Int Surg 82:208–213

481. 481.

     Schafer M, Schneiter R, Krahenbuhl L (2003) Incidence and management of Mirizzi syndrome during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc 17:1186–1190; discussion 1191–1182

482. 482.

     Schiphorst AH, Besselink MG, Boerma D, Timmer R, Wiezer MJ, van Erpecum KJ, Broeders IA, van Ramshorst B (2008) Timing of cholecystectomy after endoscopic sphincterotomy for common bile duct stones. Surg Endosc 22:2046–2050

483. 483.

     Schlumpf R, Klotz HP, Wehrli H, Herzog U (1994) A nation’s experience in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Prospective multicenter analysis of 3722 cases. Surg Endosc 8:35–41

484. 484.

     Schmidt SC, Langrehr JM, Hintze RE, Neuhaus P (2005) Long-term results and risk factors influencing outcome of major bile duct injuries following cholecystectomy. Br J Surg 92:76–82

485. 485.

     Schmiederer R, Kubitzky M, Razek P, Pinnisch K, Prochaska M, Tuchmann A (1995) [Minimally invasive surgery-choledocholithiasis: therapeutic splitting]. Wien Klin Wochenschr 107:54–56

486. 486.

     Schmitt CM, Baillie J, Cotton PB (1995) ERCP following laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a safe and effective way to manage CBD stones and complications. HPB Surg 8:187–192

487. 487.

     Schnarkowski P, Decker D, Decker P, Kreft B, Hirner A, Reiser MF (1995) [Radiological diagnosis before and after laparoscopic cholecystectomies]. Rofo 162:497–501

488. 488.

     Schol FP, Go PM, Gouma DJ (1994) Risk factors for bile duct injury in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: analysis of 49 cases. Br J Surg 81:1786–1788

489. 489.

     Schwery S, Havelka J, Zaugg PY, Buhler H (1994) [The value of ERCP in the diagnosis and therapy of complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy]. Schweiz Med Wochenschr 124:771–775

490. 490.

     Seeliger H, Furst A, Zulke C, Jauch KW (2002) Surgical management of bile duct injuries following laparoscopic cholecystectomy: analysis and follow-up of 28 cases. Langenbecks Arch Surg 387:286–293

491. 491.

     Sefr R, Ochmann J, Kozumplik L, Vrastyak J, Penka I (1995) The role of relaparoscopy in the management of bile leaks after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Int Surg 80:356–357

492. 492.

     Sekido H, Matsuo K, Morioka D, Kunihiro O, Tanaka K, Endo I, Togo S, Shimada H (2004) Surgical strategy for the management of biliary injury in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Hepatogastroenterology 51:357–361

493. 493.

     Sequeira R, Weinbaum F, Satterfield J, Chassin J, Mock L (1994) Credentialing physicians for new technology: the physician’s learning curve must not harm the patient. Am Surg 60:821–823

494. 494.

     Shaikh IA, Thomas H, Joga K, Amin AI, Daniel T (2009) Post-cholecystectomy cystic duct stump leak: a preventable morbidity. J Dig Dis 10:207–212

495. 495.

     Sicklick JK, Camp MS, Lillemoe KD, Melton GB, Yeo CJ, Campbell KA, Talamini MA, Pitt HA, Coleman J, Sauter PA, Cameron JL (2005) Surgical management of bile duct injuries sustained during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: perioperative results in 200 patients. Ann Surg 241:786–792; discussion 793–785

496. 496.

     Sikora SS, Kumar A, Das NR, Sarkari A, Saxena R, Kapoor VK (2001) Laparoscopic bile duct injuries: spectrum at a tertiary-care center. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 11:63–68

497. 497.

     Silva MA, Coldham C, Mayer AD, Bramhall SR, Buckels JA, Mirza DF (2008) Specialist outreach service for on-table repair of iatrogenic bile duct injuries-new kind of ‘travelling surgeon’. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 90:243–246

498. 498.

     Singh B, Moodley J, Haffejee AA, Naidu AG, Rajaruthnam P (1998) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy—an audit from Durban. S Afr J Surg 36:17–21

499. 499.

     Singhal T, Balakrishnan S, Grandy-Smith S, Hunt J, Asante M, El-Hasani S (2006) Gallstones: best served hot. JSLS 10:332–335

500. 500.

     Siperstein A, Pearl J, Macho J, Hansen P, Gitomirsky A, Rogers S (1999) Comparison of laparoscopic ultrasonography and fluorocholangiography in 300 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc 13:113–117

501. 501.

     Sjer AE, Boland DM, van Rijn PJ, Mohamad S (2010) A decade of washing out common bile duct stones with papillary balloon dilatation as a one-stage procedure during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc 24:2226–2230

502. 502.

     Slim K, Pezet D, Stencl J Jr, Lechner C, Le Roux S, Lointier P, Chipponi J (1995) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: an original three-trocar technique. World J Surg 19:394–397

503. 503.

     Smith EB (1992) Complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. J Natl Med Assoc 84:880–882

504. 504.

     Smith JF, Boysen D, Tschirhart J, Williams T (1991) Risks and benefits of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the community hospital setting. J Laparoendosc Surg 1:325–332

505. 505.

     Smith JF, Boysen D, Tschirhart J, Williams T, Vasilenko P (1992) Comparison of laparoscopic cholecystectomy versus elective open cholecystectomy. J Laparoendosc Surg 2:311–317

506. 506.

     Smith R, Kolyn D, Pymar H, Sauerbrei E, Pace RF (1992) Ultrasonographic and radiologic evaluation of patients after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Can J Surg 35:55–58

507. 507.

     Snow LL, Weinstein LS, Hannon JK, Lane DR (2001) Evaluation of operative cholangiography in 2043 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a case for the selective operative cholangiogram. Surg Endosc 15:14–20

508. 508.

     Soderlund C, Frozanpor F, Linder S (2005) Bile duct injuries at laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a single-institution prospective study. Acute cholecystitis indicates an increased risk. World J Surg 29:987–993

509. 509.

     Soper NJ, Dunnegan DL (1991) Does intraoperative gallbladder perforation influence the early outcome of laparoscopic cholecystectomy? Surg Laparosc Endosc 1:156–161

510. 510.

     Soper NJ, Dunnegan DL (1993) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: experience of a single surgeon. World J Surg 17:16–20

511. 511.

     Soper NJ, Flye MW, Brunt LM, Stockmann PT, Sicard GA, Picus D, Edmundowicz SA, Aliperti G (1993) Diagnosis and management of biliary complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Am J Surg 165:663–669

512. 512.

     Soper NJ, Stockmann PT, Dunnegan DL, Ashley SW (1992) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The new ‘gold standard’? Arch Surg 127:917–921; discussion 921–913

513. 513.

     Sportelli G, Crovaro M, Mercuri M, Carrara A, Giri S, Fiocca F (2000) Conservative approach in the treatment of the biliary tract’s iatrogenic lesions. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 4:123–126

514. 514.

     Stair JM, DeLoach JM Jr, Woodward LA, Ludwig FR (1991) Laparoscopic laser cholecystectomy. Results of 100 successful operations. J Ark Med Soc 88:83–85

515. 515.

     Steele RJ, Marshall K, Lang M, Doran J (1995) Introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a large teaching hospital: independent audit of the first 3 years. Br J Surg 82:968–971

516. 516.

     Stewart L, Hunter JG, Wetter A, Chin B, Way LW (2010) Operative reports: form and function. Arch Surg 145:865–871

517. 517.

     Stewart L, Robinson TN, Lee CM, Liu K, Whang K, Way LW (2004) Right hepatic artery injury associated with laparoscopic bile duct injury: incidence, mechanism, and consequences. J Gastrointest Surg 8:523–530; discussion 530–521

518. 518.

     Stewart L, Way LW (1995) Bile duct injuries during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Factors that influence the results of treatment. Arch Surg 130:1123–1128; discussion 1129

519. 519.

     Stoker ME, Vose J, O’Mara P, Maini BS (1992) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy. A clinical and financial analysis of 280 operations. Arch Surg 127:589–594; discussion 594–585

520. 520.

     Strasberg SM, Eagon CJ, Drebin JA (2000) The “hidden cystic duct” syndrome and the infundibular technique of laparoscopic cholecystectomy—the danger of the false infundibulum. J Am Coll Surg 191:661–667

521. 521.

     Strasberg SM, Hertl M, Soper NJ (1995) An analysis of the problem of biliary injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. J Am Coll Surg 180:101–125

522. 522.

     Stuart SA, Simpson TI, Alvord LA, Williams MD (1998) Routine intraoperative laparoscopic cholangiography. Am J Surg 176:632–637

523. 523.

     Suhocki PV, Meyers WC (1999) Injury to aberrant bile ducts during cholecystectomy: a common cause of diagnostic error and treatment delay. AJR Am J Roentgenol 172:955–959

524. 524.

     Sulkowski U, Brockmann J, Dinse P (1996) [Injuries of the extrahepatic bile ducts. Clinical aspects, diagnosis and therapy]. Langenbecks Arch Chir 381:246–250

525. 525.

     Sungler P, Mayer F, Waclawiczek HW, Boeckl O (1998) [Surgical ultrasound-indications for “therapeutic splitting” in complicated gallstones]. Langenbecks Arch Chir Suppl Kongressbd 115:1133–1135

526. 526.

     Suter M, Meyer A (2001) A 10-year experience with the use of laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis: is it safe? Surg Endosc 15:1187–1192

527. 527.

     Syrakos T, Antonitsis P, Zacharakis E, Takis A, Manousari A, Bakogiannis K, Efthimiopoulos G, Achoulias I, Trikoupi A, Kiskinis D (2004) Small-incision (mini-laparotomy) versus laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a retrospective study in a university hospital. Langenbecks Arch Surg 389:172–177

528. 528.

     Tagaya N, Shimoda M, Kato M, Nakagawa A, Abe A, Iwasaki Y, Oishi H, Shirotani N, Kubota K (2010) Intraoperative exploration of biliary anatomy using fluorescence imaging of indocyanine green in experimental and clinical cholecystectomies. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci 17:595–600

529. 529.

     Talebpour M, Panahi M (2007) New aspects in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 17:290–295

530. 530.

     Talpur KA, Laghari AA, Yousfani SA, Malik AM, Memon AI, Khan SA (2010) Anatomical variations and congenital anomalies of extra hepatic biliary system encountered during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. J Pak Med Assoc 60:89–93

531. 531.

     Tambyraja AL, Kumar S, Nixon SJ (2004) Outcome of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients 80 years and older. World J Surg 28:745–748

532. 532.

     Tan JT, Suyapto DR, Neo EL, Leong PS (2006) Prospective audit of laparoscopic cholecystectomy experience at a secondary referral centre in South australia. ANZ J Surg 76:335–338

533. 533.

     Tan KY, Chng HC, Chen CY, Tan SM, Poh BK, Hoe MN (2004) Mirizzi syndrome: noteworthy aspects of a retrospective study in one centre. ANZ J Surg 74:833–837

534. 534.

     Tang E, Stain SC, Tang G, Froes E, Berne TV (1995) Timing of laparoscopic surgery in gallstone pancreatitis. Arch Surg 130:496–499; discussion 499–500

535. 535.

     Taniguchi Y, Ido K, Kimura K, Yoshida Y, Ohtani M, Kawamoto C, Isoda N, Suzuki T, Kumagai M (1993) Introduction of a “safety zone” for the safety of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Am J Gastroenterol 88:1258–1261

536. 536.

     Tantia O, Jain M, Khanna S, Sen B (2008) Iatrogenic biliary injury: 13,305 cholecystectomies experienced by a single surgical team over more than 13 years. Surg Endosc 22:1077–1086

537. 537.

     Targarona EM, Marco C, Balague C, Rodriguez J, Cugat E, Hoyuela C, Veloso E, Trias M (1998) How, when, and why bile duct injury occurs. A comparison between open and laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc 12:322–326

538. 538.

     Taylor EW, Dunham RH, Bloch JH (1994) Laparoscopic management of gallstone pancreatitis. J Laparoendosc Surg 4:121–125

539. 539.

     Taylor OM, Sedman PC, Jones BM, Royston CM, Arulampalam T, Wellwood J (1997) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy without operative cholangiogram: 2038 cases over a 5-year period in two district general hospitals. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 79:376–380

540. 540.

     Tebala GD (2006) Three-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy by harmonic dissection without cystic duct and artery clipping. Am J Surg 191:718–720

541. 541.

     Tekin A, Ogetman Z, Altunel E (2008) Laparoendoscopic “rendezvous” versus laparoscopic antegrade sphincterotomy for choledocholithiasis. Surgery 144:442–447

542. 542.

     The Southern Surgeons Club (1991) A prospective analysis of 1518 laparoscopic cholecystectomies. N Engl J Med 324:1073–1078

543. 543.

     Thiele H, Lang RD (1994) [Complications after 1,000 laparoscopic cholecystectomies]. Chirurg 65:795–800

544. 544.

     Thompson MH, Tranter SE (2002) All-comers policy for laparoscopic exploration of the common bile duct. Br J Surg 89:1608–1612

545. 545.

     Thomson BN, Cullinan MJ, Banting SW, Collier NA (2003) Recognition and management of biliary complications after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. ANZ J Surg 73:183–188

546. 546.

     Thumbe VK, Dorricott NJ (1999) Investigation of bile ducts before laparoscopic cholecystectomy. JSLS 3:23–25

547. 547.

     Tian Y, Wu SD, Su Y, Kong J, Yu H, Fan Y (2009) Laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy as an alternative procedure designed to prevent bile duct injury: experience of a hospital in northern China. Surg Today 39:510–513

548. 548.

     Tomonaga T, Filipi CJ, Lowham A, Martinez T (1999) Laparoscopic intracorporeal ultrasound cystic duct length measurement: a new technique to prevent common bile duct injuries. Surg Endosc 13:183–185

549. 549.

     Topal B, Aerts R, Penninckx F (1999) The outcome of major biliary tract injury with leakage in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc 13:53–56

550. 550.

     Traverso LW, Kozarek RA, Ball TJ, Brandabur JJ, Hunter JA, Jolly PC, Patterson DJ, Ryan JA, Thirlby RC, Wechter DG (1993) Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Am J Surg 165:581–586

551. 551.

     Trerotola SO, Savader SJ, Lund GB, Venbrux AC, Sostre S, Lillemoe KD, Cameron JL, Osterman FA, Jr. (1992) Biliary tract complications following laparoscopic cholecystectomy: imaging and intervention. Radiology 184:195–200

552. 552.

     Triantafyllidis I, Nikoloudis N, Sapidis N, Chrissidou M, Kalaitsidou I, Chrissidis T (2009) Complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy: our experience in a district general hospital. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 19:449–458

553. 553.

     Tripathi M, Chandrashekar N, Kumar R, Thomas EJ, Agarwal S, Bal CS, Malhotra A (2004) Hepatobiliary scintigraphy. An effective tool in the management of bile leak following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Clin Imaging 28:40–43

554. 554.

     Troidl H, Spangenberger W, Langen R, al-Jaziri A, Eypasch E, Neugebauer E, Dietrich J (1992) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: technical performance, safety and patient’s benefit. Endoscopy 24:252–261

555. 555.

     Tsai CC, Chiu KC, Mo LR, Lin RC, Chang KK, Kuo CY, Lin YW, Yang TM, Ting J (2009) Restenotic hepaticojejunostomy secondary to laparoscopic cholecistectomy bile duct injury treated with self-modified Gianturco-Rosh stents. Hepatogastroenterology 56:1592–1595

556. 556.

     Tsalis K, Zacharakis E, Vasiliadis K, Kalfadis S, Vergos O, Christoforidis E, Betsis D (2005) Bile duct injuries during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: management and outcome. Am Surg 71:1060–1065

557. 557.

     Tsang SM, Caluda MJ, 3rd, Steinberg SM, McSwain NE, Flint LM, Ferrara JJ (1994) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: what’s so special? South Med J 87:1076–1082

558. 558.

     Tumer AR, Yuksek YN, Yasti AC, Gozalan U, Kama NA (2005) Dropped gallstones during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: the consequences. World J Surg 29:437–440

559. 559.

     Turfah F, Nazzal M, Ali MA, Lakra Y (1994) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: analysis of the complications at a community hospital. Surg Laparosc Endosc 4:264–267

560. 560.

     Tuveri M, Calo PG, Medas F, Tuveri A, Nicolosi A (2008) Limits and advantages of fundus-first laparoscopic cholecystectomy: lessons learned. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 18:69–75

561. 561.

     Tuveri M, Tuveri A (2007) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: complications and conversions with the 3-trocar technique: a 10-year review. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 17:380–384

562. 562.

     Tuveri M, Tuveri A (2009) Body-first laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a three-trocar technique for difficult gallbladders. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 19:415–418

563. 563.

     Uccheddu A, Pisanu A, Cois A, Cillara N (2005) Can intraoperative cholangiography be avoided during laparoscopic cholecystectomy? Chir Ital 57:571–577

564. 564.

     Uchiyama K, Tani M, Kawai M, Ueno M, Hama T, Yamaue H (2006) Preoperative evaluation of the extrahepatic bile duct structure for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc 20:1119–1123

565. 565.

     Uecker J, Adams M, Skipper K, Dunn E (2001) Cholecystitis in the octogenarian: is laparoscopic cholecystectomy the best approach? Am Surg 67:637–640

566. 566.

     Urban M, Holzer B, Sebesta C, Schmid L, Schiessel R, Hruby W, Rosen HR (2002) Efficacy of diagnosis of mechanical cholestasis by magnetic resonance cholangiography. World J Surg 26:353–358

567. 567.

     Uyama I, Iida S, Ogiwara H, Takahara T, Kato Y, Furuta T, Kikuchi K (1995) Laparoscopic retrograde cholecystectomy (from fundus downward) facilitated by lifting the liver bed up to the diaphragm for inflammatory gallbladder. Surg Laparosc Endosc 5:431–436

568. 568.

     Van Campenhout I, Prosmanne O, Gagner M, Pomp A, Deslandres E, Levesque HP (1993) Routine operative cholangiography during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: feasibility and value in 107 patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol 160:1209–1211

569. 569.

     Van de Sande S, Bossens M, Parmentier Y, Gigot JF (2003) National survey on cholecystectomy related bile duct injury-public health and financial aspects in Belgian hospitals–1997. Acta Chir Belg 103:168–180

570. 570.

     Vanek VW, Rhodes R, Dallis DJ (1995) Results of laparoscopic versus open cholecystectomy in a community hospital. South Med J 88:555–566

571. 571.

     vanSonnenberg E, D’Agostino HB, Easter DW, Sanchez RB, Christensen RA, Kerlan RK Jr, Moossa AR (1993) Complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy: coordinated radiologic and surgical management in 21 patients. Radiology 188:399–404

572. 572.

     vanSonnenberg E, D’Agostino HB, Sanchez RL, Goodacre BB, Esch OG, Easter DE, Gosink BB (1992) Percutaneous intraluminal US in the gallbladder and bile ducts. Radiology 182:693–696

573. 573.

     Veen EJ, Bik M, Janssen-Heijnen ML, De Jongh M, Roukema AJ (2008) Outcome measurement in laparoscopic cholecystectomy by using a prospective complication registry: results of an audit. Int J Qual Health Care 20:144–151

574. 574.

     Velanovich V, Morton JM, McDonald M, Orlando R, 3rd, Maupin G, Traverso LW (2006) Analysis of the SAGES outcomes initiative cholecystectomy registry. Surg Endosc 20:43–50

575. 575.

     Verma GR, Bose SM, Singh R, Singh G (2002) Biliary mishaps in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Trop Gastroenterol 23:38–40

576. 576.

     Vezakis A, Davides D, Ammori BJ, Martin IG, Larvin M, McMahon MJ (2000) Intraoperative cholangiography during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc 14:1118–1122

577. 577.

     Victorzon M, Tolonen P, Vuorialho T (2007) Day-case laparoscopic cholecystectomy: treatment of choice for selected patients? Surg Endosc 21:70–73

578. 578.

     Vitale GC, Tran TC, Davis BR, Vitale M, Vitale D, Larson G (2008) Endoscopic management of postcholecystectomy bile duct strictures. J Am Coll Surg 206:918–923; discussion 924–915

579. 579.

     Vogelbach P, Bogdan B, Rosenthal R, Pfefferkorn U, Triponez F (2002) [Laparoscopic and conventional cholecystectomy. Didactic concept for training and introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy and preventing complications]. Swiss Surg 8:250–254

580. 580.

     Voyles CR, Petro AB, Meena AL, Haick AJ, Koury AM (1991) A practical approach to laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Am J Surg 161:365–370

581. 581.

     Voyles CR, Sanders DL, Hogan R (1994) Common bile duct evaluation in the era of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. 1050 cases later. Ann Surg 219:744–750; discussion 750–742

582. 582.

     Walker AT, Brooks DC, Tumeh SS, Braver JM (1993) Bile duct disruption after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 14:346–355

583. 583.

     Wallace DH, O’Dwyer PJ (1997) Effect of a no-conversion policy on patient outcome following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Br J Surg 84:1680–1682

584. 584.

     Walsh RM, Henderson JM, Vogt DP, Brown N (2007) Long-term outcome of biliary reconstruction for bile duct injuries from laparoscopic cholecystectomies. Surgery 142:450–456; discussion 456–457

585. 585.

     Wang YC, Yang HR, Chung PK, Jeng LB, Chen RJ (2006) Urgent laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the management of acute cholecystitis: timing does not influence conversion rate. Surg Endosc 20:806–808

586. 586.

     Ward EM, LeRoy AJ, Bender CE, Donohue JH, Hughes RW (1993) Imaging of complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Abdom Imaging 18:150–155

587. 587.

     Watkin DS, Haworth JM, Leaper DJ, Thompson MH (1994) Assessment of the common bile duct before cholecystectomy using ultrasound and biochemical measurements: validation based on follow-up. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 76:317–319

588. 588.

     Watson DI, Mathew G, Williams JA (1995) Impact of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a major teaching hospital: clinical and hospital outcomes. Med J Aust 163:527–530

589. 589.

     Way LW, Stewart L, Gantert W, Liu K, Lee CM, Whang K, Hunter JG (2003) Causes and prevention of laparoscopic bile duct injuries: analysis of 252 cases from a human factors and cognitive psychology perspective. Ann Surg 237:460–469

590. 590.

     Weber A, Feussner H, Winkelmann F, Siewert JR, Schmid RM, Prinz C (2009) Long-term outcome of endoscopic therapy in patients with bile duct injury after cholecystectomy. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 24:762–769

591. 591.

     Wei Q, Wang JG, Li LB, Li JD (2003) Management of choledocholithiasis: comparison between laparoscopic common bile duct exploration and intraoperative endoscopic sphincterotomy. World J Gastroenterol 9:2856–2858

592. 592.

     Wenner DE, Whitwam P, Turner D, Chadha A, Degani J (2006) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy and management of biliary tract stones in a freestanding ambulatory surgery center. JSLS 10:47–51

593. 593.

     Wherry DC, Marohn MR, Malanoski MP, Hetz SP, Rich NM (1996) An external audit of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the steady state performed in medical treatment facilities of the Department of Defense. Ann Surg 224:145–154

594. 594.

     Williams LF Jr, Chapman WC, Bonau RA, McGee EC Jr, Boyd RW, Jacobs JK (1993) Comparison of laparoscopic cholecystectomy with open cholecystectomy in a single center. Am J Surg 165:459–465

595. 595.

     Wills VL, Jorgensen JO, Hunt DR (2000) Role of relaparoscopy in the management of minor bile leakage after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Br J Surg 87:176–180

596. 596.

     Wolf AS, Nijsse BA, Sokal SM, Chang Y, Berger DL (2009) Surgical outcomes of open cholecystectomy in the laparoscopic era. Am J Surg 197:781–784

597. 597.

     Wolfe BM, Gardiner BN, Leary BF, Frey CF (1991) Endoscopic cholecystectomy. An analysis of complications. Arch Surg 126:1192–1196; discussion 1196–1198

598. 598.

     Wolnerhanssen BK, Ackermann C, Guenin MO, Kern B, Tondelli P, von Flue M, Peterli R (2005) [Twelve years of laparoscopic cholecystectomy]. Chirurg 76:263–269

599. 599.

     Woods MS, Shellito JL, Santoscoy GS, Hagan RC, Kilgore WR, Traverso LW, Kozarek RA, Brandabur JJ (1994) Cystic duct leaks in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Am J Surg 168:560–563; discussion 563–565

600. 600.

     Woods MS, Traverso LW, Kozarek RA, Donohue JH, Fletcher DR, Hunter JG, Oddsdottir M, Rossi RL, Tsao J, Windsor J (1995) Biliary tract complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy are detected more frequently with routine intraoperative cholangiography. Surg Endosc 9:1076–1080

601. 601.

     Woods MS, Traverso LW, Kozarek RA, Tsao J, Rossi RL, Gough D, Donohue JH (1994) Characteristics of biliary tract complications during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a multi-institutional study. Am J Surg 167:27–33; discussion 33–24

602. 602.

     Wootton FT, Hoffman BJ, Marsh WH, Cunningham JT (1992) Biliary complications following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Gastrointest Endosc 38:183–185

603. 603.

     Wright KD, Wellwood JM (1998) Bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy without operative cholangiography. Br J Surg 85:191–194

604. 604.

     Wu JS, Peng C, Mao XH, Lv P (2007) Bile duct injuries associated with laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy: sixteen-year experience. World J Gastroenterol 13:2374–2378

605. 605.

     Wudel LJ Jr, Wright JK, Pinson CW, Herline A, Debelak J, Seidel S, Revis K, Chapman WC (2001) Bile duct injury following laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a cause for continued concern. Am Surg 67:557–563; discussion 563–554

606. 606.

     Wullstein C, Woeste G, Barkhausen S, Gross E, Hopt UT (2002) Do complications related to laparoscopic cholecystectomy influence the prognosis of gallbladder cancer? Surg Endosc 16:828–832

607. 607.

     Yaghoubian A, Kaji AH, Ishaque B, Park J, Rosing DK, Lee S, Stabile BE, de Virgilio C (2010) Acute care surgery performed by sleep deprived residents: are outcomes affected? J Surg Res 163:192–196

608. 608.

     Yaghoubian A, Saltmarsh G, Rosing DK, Lewis RJ, Stabile BE, de Virgilio C (2008) Decreased bile duct injury rate during laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the era of the 80-hour resident workweek. Arch Surg 143:847–851; discussion 851

609. 609.

     Yamakawa T, Kano N, Sakai S, Ishikawa Y (1992) Preliminary experience using an ultrasonic aspirator for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Endoscopy 24:721–723

610. 610.

     Yan JQ, Peng CH, Ding JZ, Yang WP, Zhou GW, Chen YJ, Tao ZY, Li HW (2007) Surgical management in biliary restricture after Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy for bile duct injury. World J Gastroenterol 13:6598–6602

611. 611.

     Yau MP, Tsai CC, Mo LR, Lin RC, Kuo JY, Lin YW, Hwang MH (1993) Diagnostic and therapeutic interventions in post-laparoscopic cholecystectomy biliary complications. Hepatogastroenterology 40:139–144

612. 612.

     Yegiyants S, Collins JC (2008) Operative strategy can reduce the incidence of major bile duct injury in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Am Surg 74:985–987

613. 613.

     Yeh CN, Jan YY, Chen MF (2003) Laparoscopic treatment for Mirizzi syndrome. Surg Endosc 17:1573–1578

614. 614.

     Yeh CN, Jan YY, Liu NJ, Yeh TS, Chen MF (2004) Endo-GIA for ligation of dilated cystic duct during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: an alternative, novel, and easy method. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 14:153–157

615. 615.

     Yeh TS, Jan YY, Wang CS, Jeng LB, Hwang TL, Chen MF (1998) A multidisciplinary approach to major bile duct injury following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. JSLS 2:147–151

616. 616.

     Ying F, Shuodong W, Hong Y, Yang S, Jing K, Yu T, Amos SE (2010) Lessons learnt after 12 years experience in laparoscopic cholecystectomy at a single center. Hepatogastroenterology 57:202–206

617. 617.

     Young C, Moont M (1998) Routine cholecystocholangiography: a viable alternative during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Aust N Z J Surg 68:425–427

618. 618.

     Yuksel O, Salman B, Yilmaz U, Akyurek N, Tatlicioglu E (2006) Timing of laparoscopic cholecystectomy for subacute calculous cholecystitis: early or interval—a prospective study. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 13:421–426

619. 619.

     Yun SS, Hwang DW, Kim SW, Park SH, Park SJ, Lee DS, Kim HJ (2010) Better treatment strategies for patients with acute cholecystitis and American Society of Anesthesiologists classification 3 or greater. Yonsei Med J 51:540–545

620. 620.

     Yvergneaux JP, Kint M, Kuppens E (1994) Pitfalls in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Acta Chir Belg 94:123–128

621. 621.

     Zacharakis E, Angelopoulos S, Kanellos D, Pramateftakis MG, Sapidis N, Stamatopoulos H, Kanellos I, Tsalis K, Betsis D (2007) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy without intraoperative cholangiography. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 17:620–625

622. 622.

     Zargar-Shoshtari K, Short H, Poole GH, Hill AG (2008) Acute laparoscopic cholecystectomy: preferred treatment for acute biliary disease. ANZ J Surg 78:771–774

623. 623.

     Zerem E, Omerovic S (2009) Minimally invasive management of biliary complications after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Eur J Intern Med 20:686–689

624. 624.

     Z’Graggen K, Wehrli H, Metzger A, Buehler M, Frei E, Klaiber C (1998) Complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in Switzerland. A prospective 3-year study of 10,174 patients. Swiss Association of Laparoscopic and Thoracoscopic Surgery. Surg Endosc 12:1303–1310

625. 625.

     Zucker KA, Bailey RW, Gadacz TR, Imbembo AL (1991) Laparoscopic guided cholecystectomy. Am J Surg 161:36–42; discussion 42–34

Eikermann, M., Siegel, R., Broeders, I. et al. Prevention and treatment of bile duct injuries during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: the clinical practice guidelines of the European Association for Endoscopic Surgery (EAES). Surg Endosc 26, 3003–3039 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-012-2511-1

Download citation

• Received: 22 July 2012

• Accepted: 29 July 2012

• Published: 06 October 2012

• Issue Date: November 2012

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-012-2511-1

RetroSearch is an open source project built by @garambo | Open a GitHub Issue

Search and Browse the WWW like it's 1997 | Search results from DuckDuckGo

HTML: 3.2 | Encoding: UTF-8 | Version: 0.7.4