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Male gender: Risk factor for severe symptomatic cholelithiasis

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of male gender on the clinical presentation of symptomatic cholelithiasis. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has been accepted as standard procedure for the management of symptomatic cholelithiasis even when the gallbladder is acutely inflamed. With the accumulated experience in the management of acute cholecystitis, some factors including male gender were recognized to influence the clinical presentation of symptomatic cholelithiasis and increase the conversion rate during LC. This retrospective study tried to clarify the correlation between male gender and the clinical presentation of symptomatic cholelithiasis. The medical records of all patients presenting with symptomatic cholelithiasis from January 1994 to August 1999 were evaluated. These cases were divided into four groups as follows: (1) elective LC group: patients with a history of biliary colic or acute attack of cholecystitis but whose LC was performed electively without any inflammatory change in the gallbladder during operation; (2) acute LC group: patients presenting with acute cholecystitis, and LC was performed successfully without conversion; (3) acute conversion group: patients who underwent LC during the course of acute cholecystitis but the procedure were disturbed by severe inflammatory change so they were converted to open surgery; (4) acute open group: patients whose acute cholecystitis was managed by direct open surgery due to the preoperative prediction that LC would not succeed. The correlation of gender, age, and operating time were assessed among these four groups. We found that: (1) the male/female ratio increased (in the patient group sequence of simple LC, acute LC, acute open, and acute conversion group); (2) in the acute LC group male patients had significantly (p=0.04, t-test) longer operating time than females; (3) although there was no significant difference between the mean age of male (55.7±13.4) and female (56.3±15.7) patients in the acute cholecystitis groups (i.e., all patients in the acute LC, acute conversion, and acute open groups), the distribution curve by age in male patients showed a significantly shift to a younger age compared with female patients (p=0.009, Fisher’s exact test).

Résumé

Le but de cette étude a été de déterminer l’influence du sexe sur la présentation clinique de la lithiase vésiculaire symptomatique. La cholécystectomie laparoscopique (CL) est acceptée comme le procédé standard pour le traitement de la lithiase biliaire symptomatique même quand il s’agit de cholécystite aiguë. Avec l’expérience accumulée dans le traitement de la cholécystite aiguë, on reconnat l’existence de certains facteurs, comme le sexe masculin, qui pourrait influencer la présentation clinique de la lithiase vésiculaire et être responsable d’une augmentation du taux de conversion pendant la CL. Cette étude rétrospective évalue les résultats de tous les patients opérés d’une lithiase vésiculaire symptomatique entre jan 1994 et aug 1999. Quatre groupes ont été étudiés: (1) groupe de CL programmée (élective): patients ayant une histoire de colique hépatique ou des antécédents de crises de cholécystite aiguë mais pour lesquelles la CL a été faite de façon élective sans constater d’inflammation de la vésicule biliare pendant l’intervention; (2) groupe de CL pour cholécystite aiguë pour laquelle la CL a été effectuée avec succès sans conversion; (3) groupe de conversion: patients ayant eu une CL pour cholécystite aiguë mais dont l’intensité des phénomènes inflammatoires est telle que la conversón est nécessaire; (4) groupe de cholécystite aiguë traitée par chirurgie traditionnelle d’emblée car il existait des signes prédictifs préopératoires faisant craindre que la CL serait un échec. Par rapport à chaque groupe, on a évalué la corrélation entre le sexe, l’âge et le temps opératoire. Les résultats constatés: (1) Le sexe ratio homme/femme était augmenté dans les quatre groupes (CL simple, CL pour cholécystite aiguë, CL convertie, et chirurgie traditionnelle d’emblée); (2) Dans le groupe CL pour cholécystite aiguë, le temps opératoire était significativement plus long chez les hommes (p=0.04, t-Student) que chez les femmes; (3) Bien qu’il n’existe pas de différence significative en ce qui concerne l’âge moyen des hommes (55.7±13.4) ou des femmes (56.3±15.7) dans les groupes de cholécystite aiguë (tous les patients des groupes 2, 3, et 4), les patients mâles étaient significativement plus jeunes comparée aux femmes (p=0.009, test exact de Fisher).

Resumen

El objetivo de este estudio fue averiguar el papel que desempeña el género masculino en el cuadro clínico de la colelitiasis sintomática. La colecistectomía laparoscópica constituye el procedimiento estándar en el tratamiento de la colelitiasis incluso, cuando se asocia a una colecistitis aguda. Con la experiencia acumulada en el tratamiento de la colecistitis aguda, se han identificado algunos factores, incluida la masculinidad, que modifican la presentación clínica y la sintomatología de la colelitiasis, incrementando el número de reconversiones durante la colecistectomía laparoscópica. Este estudio retrospectivo pretende aclarar la relación existente entre el sexo masculino y el curso clínico de la colelitiasis. Se recopilaron y analizaron todas las historias clínicas de los pacientes ingresados por colelitiasis sintomática entre enero de 1994 y agosto de 1999. Los casos se dividieron en 4 grupos: (1°) grupo de colecistectomía laparoscópica (LC) electiva; corresponde a aquellos pacientes con historia de cólicos biliares o ataques de colecistitis aguda, pero en los que la LC se realizó de forma electiva, no observándose durante la operación ningún cambio inflamatorio de la vesícula; (2°) grupo LC agudo, pacientes aquejados de colecistitis aguda que fueron tratados, con éxito, mediante LC, sin precisar reconversión alguna; (3°) grupo de reconversión aguda, pacientes que en el transcurso de una LC por colecistitis aguda, debido a las alteraciones inflamatorias hubieron de reconvertirse a cirugía abierta; (4°) grupo abierto agudo, comprende a pacientes con colecistitis aguda que por los hallazgos preoperatorios se programaron de entrada para colecistectomía abierta. Se valoró la correlación existente entre estos grupos por lo que al sexo, edad y duración de la intervención se refiere. Resultados: (1) Incremento del cociente varón/hembra de forma secuencial para los grupos LC simple, LC aguda, colecistectomía abierta y reconversión. (2) En el grupo LC aguda, el tiempo de intervención fue significativamente más largo en los hombres que en las mujeres (p=0.04, t-test). (3) Aunque no se registraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre la edad de los hombres (55.7±13.4) y de las mujeres (56.3 ±15.7), en los grupos con colecistitis aguda (i.e., todos los pacientes con LC aguda, reconversión urgente y colecistectomía abierta) la curva de distribución por edades señala una tendencia significativa a favor de que los hombres son más jóvenes que las mujeres (p=0.009 Fisher’s test).

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Author information Authors and Affiliations
  1. Department of Surgery, Cathay General Hospital, 280 Section 4, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC

    Heng-Hui Lein M.D. & Ching-Shui Huang M.D.

Authors
  1. Heng-Hui Lein M.D.
  2. Ching-Shui Huang M.D.
Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ching-Shui Huang M.D..

Additional information

Published Online: March 1, 2002

About this article Cite this article

Lein, HH., Huang, CS. Male gender: Risk factor for severe symptomatic cholelithiasis. World J. Surg. 26, 598–601 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-001-0275-1

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